母乳钙与婴儿佝偻病纵向观察研究

目的：探讨母乳钙含量与母乳喂养婴儿佝偻病的关系,以便采取措施提高母乳喂养质量。方法：测定不同月龄母乳钙,分别统计正常乳钙组、 低乳钙乳母投药组和未投药组婴儿佝偻病患病率。结果：低乳钙组婴儿佝偻病患病率高,并随月龄增加而上升,投药组乳母治疗后乳钙回升,婴儿佝偻病患病率降低（P＜0．05）。结论：乳汁钙含量与婴儿患佝偻病有关,定期测定发现低乳钙并投药干预可有效防治。     

母乳钙测定指导母乳喂养的意义

目的了解母乳钙含量,指导哺乳妇女正确补钙,防止婴儿缺钙。方法采用母乳钙测定剂检测1 034例母乳喂养的产妇母乳中钙含量。结果1 034例中低钙者621例,低钙发生率60.05%,哺乳期所处季节不同,低钙发生率也不同,其中在12~2月份,母乳钙低钙发生率较高(70.04%)。结论母乳低钙率发生较高,通过母乳钙的检测可指导母亲和婴儿合理补充钙剂,预防母婴缺钙性疾病的发生。     

母乳钙与孕妇合理平衡膳食的关系

随着母乳喂养知识的普及，在我院分娩的婴儿已100％接受纯母乳喂养，但目前仍有20％～30％的母乳喂养儿患佝偻病．母乳钙缺乏是其主要的原因。为探讨合理平衡膳食对母乳钙的影响，更好地指导母乳喂养，本对69例孕妇孕期的膳食进行调查，并探讨与产后母乳钙含量的关系，报告如下。     

母乳钙含量测定

为引导哺乳妇女正确补钙,使得每个婴儿都能从母乳中得到易吸收的钙,防止婴儿缺钙、哺乳期母亲骨骼脱钙,避免盲目补钙,对包头地区1 000例乳母的乳汁钙含量进行了测定,结果报告如下.     

母乳钙含量检测的临床意义分析

目的了解母乳钙含量,指导母乳喂养,防止婴儿、产妇缺钙。方法于产后2~3天取新鲜乳汁1ml送检,用乳钙测试盒检测母乳钙含量,>30mg/dl为正常。结果低钙者发生率占总测试人数的61.31%,低钙者妊高征发生率明显增高,冬季母乳低钙者较其他季节多。结论通过检测母乳钙对低钙者及早干预减少母婴并发症。     

分光光度法测定母乳钙含量

分光光度法测定母乳钙含量温州医学院检验系（３２５０２７）方芳曹建明许向阳＊李东母乳钙含量的多少直接影响婴儿的钙摄入量和生长发育，母乳钙的测定有很重要的临床意义。目前母乳钙的测定方法一般采用原子吸收法，该法仪器贵难以普及。近来报道的ＥＤＴＡ滴定法（１）...     

离子选择性电极测定母乳中的钙

本文描述了用钙离子选择性电极快速测定母乳钙浓度的方法.母乳稀释后直接用2次标准加入法分析.分析了145例健康者提供的母乳.其钙浓度((?)±s)为6.775±3.338mmol·L~(-1),与文献报道值一致.     

STC1及钙、磷离子在氟中毒致大鼠肾损伤中的作用

目的观察斯钙素蛋白1(STC1)及钙、磷离子在氟中毒大鼠肾组织中的变化,探讨STC1在氟中毒肾损伤中的作用。方法将24只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为4组:对照组(腹腔注射生理盐水)、低氟组(腹腔注射氟化钠5mg/kg)、中氟组(腹腔注射氟化钠10mg/kg)及高氟组(腹腔注射氟化钠20mg/kg),每48h注射1次,建模16周后处死大鼠。采用免疫组织化学法及逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分别检测肾组织STC1蛋白及mRNA的表达水平,并检测肾组织内钙、磷离子的含量。结果 STC1蛋白主要定位于大鼠皮髓交界的近曲小管,染氟组大鼠肾组织STC1蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),随着染氟浓度的增加,STC1的表达水平增加;染氟组大鼠肾组织中钙含量均比对照组增多(P<0.05);低氟组及高氟组大鼠肾组织磷含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而中氟组大鼠肾组织磷含量较低氟组及高氟组高(P<0.05),且与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 STC1可能参与了氟中毒大鼠的肾损伤,而该损伤机制可能与钙、磷离子代谢失衡有关。     

小儿和成人心肺转流术中钙代谢的变化

目的：探讨小儿和成人血浆总钙和离子钙在心肺转流术中的变化规律。方法：择期心肺转流术（ＣＰＢ）下心内直视手术患者,成人２６例,小儿２４例。分别于ＣＰＢＵ有、中及补钙前、后５ｍｉｎ抽取血标本测定离子钙和血浆总钙含量。结果：ＣＰＢ中成人血浆总钙较ＣＰＢ前有所下降,但差异无显著性。而离子钙下降不明显,小儿血浆总钙下降不明显,而离子钙下降明显。结论：成人和步儿在ＣＰＢ中有不同的钙代谢变化,心跳恢复平稳后,适     

HBV携带产妇血清、乳汁HBV-DNA载量状态与实施母乳喂养安全性的研究

目的：探讨HBV携带产妇血清、乳汁HBV-DNA载量的不同状况与实施母乳喂养安全性的关系.方法：检测产妇血清、乳汁及婴儿血标本HBV-DNA载量.对母乳和人工两种喂养方式婴儿做追踪观察.结果：HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性产妇的血清、乳汁HBV-DNA阳性率分别为100%、49.45%（P＜0.01）.两种喂养方式婴儿的HBV感染率为15.63%和13.56%,无显著性差异;婴儿抗-HBs检测,母乳组抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）明显高于人工喂养组;结论：HBV携带产妇乳汁HBV-DNA阳性率和病毒载量明显低于血清.母乳喂养不影响母婴传播阻断效果,且有助于提高婴儿抗-HBs的GMT水平.     

活性钙在大鼠体内吸收利用率的研究

目的对活性钙以度常用钙的朴钙效果进行比较研究．方法 选用3周断乳的wistar大鼠随机分为碳酸钙、醋酸钙、活性钙、磷酸氢钙、乳酸钙和基础6组,分别进行28d喂养及3d代谢实验。结果 活性钙组的增加体重大于磷酸氢钙、醋酸钙和基础组(P<0．05);活性钙的骨钙含量高于磷酸氢钙和基础组(P<0．05);活性钙组钙吸收率为71．7%;净利用丰为71．2%,结论 活性钙是一种良好的钙源,可以广泛用于食品添加剂和补钙药物．     

母乳喂养对轮状病毒肠炎患婴病程的影响

目的：了解母乳喂养对轮状病毒肠炎患婴病情、病程的影响。方法：对确诊轮状病毒肠炎病程≤3天,住院给予综合治疗患婴103例（≤12个月）按喂养方式不同分母乳喂养组和人工喂养组,进行病情、病程比较。结果：母乳喂养组和人工喂养组在入院时酸中毒发生率分别为7．94％和30．61％,有显著差异（P＜0．01）。低钾血症发生率分别为5．56％和22．4％,有显著差异（P＜0．05）。两组患婴在退热时间、脱水纠正时间、止泻时间和总病程均无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论：母乳喂养在患轮状病毒肠炎时发生酸中毒及低钾血症显著低于人工喂养组,病程中坚持母乳喂养不会加重病情及延长病程。     

母乳喂养与人工喂养对新生儿体重的影响

目的探讨母乳喂养及人工喂养对新生儿体重的影响.方法比较母乳喂养组(n=286)与人工喂养组(n=286)对新生儿体重的影响结果.结果母乳喂养组的新生儿体重丢失幅度在正常生理范围内,在出生后2～4d时与人工喂养组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05),但在出生后第5天体重回升明显,此时与人工喂养组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论母乳喂养新生儿的体重下降幅度在正常生理范围内,且回升早、恢复快.母乳喂养安全有效,应提倡母乳喂养.     

葡萄糖酸钙和乳酸钙在大鼠体内的吸收和利用

目的：探讨葡萄糖酸钙和乳酸钙在大鼠体内的吸收和利用。方法：断乳雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分成5组,分别用碳酸钙、奶粉钙、葡萄糖酸钙和乳酸钙配制的饲料及基础低钙饲料喂养动物28 d,并分别在第20天和第25天进行3 d食物效价实验及４ d钙代谢实验。 结果：葡萄糖酸钙组大鼠体重增长率为92.1%,钙吸收率及储留率分别为68.2%和85.1%,股骨指数为4.96, 股骨钙存留率为4.6%,各项指标均低于奶粉钙组,高于碳酸钙组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。乳酸钙组大鼠体重增长率为75.1%,钙吸收率及储留率分别为65.5 %和82.0%,股骨指数为4.88,股骨钙储留率为4.1%,优于碳酸钙组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,乳酸钙组除体重增长率低于葡萄糖酸钙组外,其他指标与葡萄糖酸钙组比较差异无显著性。 结论：葡萄糖酸钙和乳酸钙均可以作为机体的良好钙源,应用于食品添加剂和药物。     

膳食钙对去势雌鼠钙吸收利用的影响

切除７０日龄雌性大鼠双侧卵巢后，分别饲以低钙饲料（含Ｃａ０．０３３％）和标准饲料（含Ｃａ０．５２％），并与假手术组（ｓｈａｍ组）比较，于术后第２、４、６周末进行３次代谢试验。结果：低钙饲料组大鼠体重、股骨指数、钙吸收率和储留率、鼠体钙及钙利用率均明显低于其余组。标准饲料组大鼠体重及股骨指数与ｓｈａｍ组差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：低钙膳食严重影响去势雌鼠对钙的吸收和利用能力，妨碍大鼠生长及骨骼发育，补钙可在一定程度上消除去势大鼠钙代谢的障碍，有利于机体对钙的吸收利用     

Independent and joint effects of serum 25-hydroxivitamin D and calcium on breast cancer ratio in an Iran population: A cross-sectional study

Background:

It has been suggested that Vitamin D and calcium have protective effects against breast cancer. The results about breast cancer and serum Vitamin D and calcium levels are still controversial, indefinite, and insufficient to determine the amount of nutritional needs. Thus, we investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-D) and calcium on the ratio of breast cancer at diagnosis time.

Materials and Methods:

We carried out a hospital-based cross-sectional study in a population of Iran. It comprised 57 breast cancer cases, who were newly diagnosed, and 85 controls in 2013. The serum 25-OH-D and calcium levels were measured.

Results:

There was not any significant association between 25-OH-D and breast cancer ratio. Odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile was 1.03(95% confidence interval[CI] 0.33–3.22, P-trend 0.95). Having sufficient (>75 nmol/L) serum 25-OH-D levels compared to insufficient serum 25-OH-D levels was not associated with a significantly decreased ratio of breast cancer (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.23–1.29, P = 0.17). Furthermore, an association between calcium and breast cancer did not get statistical significance (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.17–1.49, P-trend 0.31). The joint effect was negative interaction.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D and calcium do not act on decreasing ratio of breast cancer. Decreasing ratio of breast cancer in relation to serum calcium and Vitamin D level at diagnosis time needs more assessments.     

Effect of combining different calcium concentration dialysate on calcium balance in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background  Calcium and phosphorus metabolic disturbance are common in dialysis patients and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphate metabolism and suitable intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level has become the focus of attention. We investigated the effects of different peritoneal dialysate calcium concentrations on calcium phosphate metabolism and iPTH in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

Methods  Forty stable CAPD patients with normal serum calcium were followed for six months of treatment with 1.25 mmol/L calcium dialysate (DCa1.25, PD4, 22 patients) or a combination of 1.75 mmol/L calcium dialysate (DCa1.75, PD2) and PD4 (18 patients) twice a day respectively. Total serum calcium (after albumin correction), serum phosphorus, iPTH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood pressure were recorded before and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment commenced.

Results  No significant difference was found in baseline serum calcium, phosphorus between the two patient groups, but the levels of iPTH were significantly different. No significant changes were found in the dosage of calcium carbonate and active vitamin D during 6 months. In the PD4 group, serum calcium level at the 1st, 3rd, 6th months were significantly lower than the baseline (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum phosphorus after 6 months treatment. iPTH was significantly higher (P <0.001) at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months compared with the baseline. No differences were seen in ALP and blood pressure. In the PD4+PD2 group, no significant changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, ALP and BP during the 6-month follow-up period.

Conclusions  Treatment with 1.25 mmol/L calcium dialysate for six months can decrease serum calcium, increase iPTH, without change in serum phosphorus, ALP, and BP. The combining of PD4 and PD2 can stabilize the serum calcium and avoid fluctuations in iPTH levels.