Left atrial thrombus without mitral valve disease in a patient with nephrotic syndrome: report of a case

Left atrial (LA) thrombi are rarely seen in patients without mitral valve disease. We report the case of a 71-year-old man found to have a large LA thrombus without mitral valve disease. The patient also suffered from atrial fibrillation and nephrotic syndrome (NS), and had a history of transient ischemic attack. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an LA thrombus attached to the LA wall, and a normal mitral valve. Blood chemistry revealed a total serum protein of 4.6 g/dl, with 2.0 g/dl of albumin and a total cholesterol level of 453 mg/dl. The plasma fibrinogen level was 366 mg/dl and the antithrombin III was 103%. An emergency operation was performed to remove the LA thrombus and a normal mitral valve was confirmed. We believe that several factors, including changes in coagulability related to the NS, steroid therapy, and diuretics, in addition to the dilated LA with atrial fibrillation, may have caused the LA thrombus formation in this patient. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 Reprint request to: S. Aoyagi     

布鲁菌致人造瓣膜感染性心内膜炎一例

患者男,35岁.间断发热、咯血1个月.2年前因风湿性心脏病行二尖瓣置换术,3个月前到沈阳军区总医院复查经胸超声心动图等均无异常.1个月前起患者间断发热,劳动耐力进行性下降.既往有牛羊接触史.2010年4月16日来我院体检:体温38.6℃,大汗,左上肺呼吸音弱,可闻及细湿哕音,心界增大,心尖部闻及3～6级收缩期杂音,脾大,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无水肿.ct示双肺多处斑片状、大片状毛玻璃状影,边界模糊,以左肺为重,纵隔内可见数枚直径1.0 cm左右淋巴结,双侧胸腔少量积液.腹部超声肝脏无异常,脾厚5.1 cm,长15.1 cm,经食管超声心动图见二尖瓣周五彩镶嵌返流束,宽2.5 cm,提示瓣周漏,未见赘生物.hb71 g/l,红细胞比容21.0％,红细胞沉降率62 mm/l h,血培养3次阳性,马耳他布鲁菌生长,血清布鲁菌凝集试验阳性,滴度1∶1600.患者住院l1d,给予抗感染、强心、利尿、止血等对症治疗,因不同意手术治疗转入市传染病医院,4d后因循环衰竭死亡.     

Primary coronary sinus thrombosis with pulmonary embolism in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report

Primary Intracardiac thrombosis in the absence of indwelling catheters or pacemaker etc. is an uncommon complication.Although cases of primary coronary sinus thrombosis are reported, most cases occur due to endothelial damage following invasive cardiac procedures involving the right atrium, such as Central Venous Pressure (CVP) placement, Right Ventricle (RV) pacing, cardiac resynchornising therapy and cardiac transplant.We report the case of a 31 yr – old woman, who was admitted with chest discomfort and exertional dyspnea and was found by investigation to have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with secondary antiPhospholipid antibody syndrome. Subsequent 64 slice spiral computerised tomography showed pulmonary embolism. In addition, Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography (TTE) and Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE) revealed an hyperechoic signal highly suggestive of tumor/thrombus at an unusual site, namely the coronary sinus. The patient underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass and moderate hypothermia. The organized calcified tumor/thrombus was removed through trans-atrial approach and an 8mm Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft was placed at the coronary sinus opening. Histological examination of the specimen obtained from the coronary sinus showed an organised, partially- calcified thrombus. In our patient, pre-operative investigations could not differentiate a thrombus from a mass and the definitive diagnosis was made post- operatively.     

Acute bioprosthetic mitral valve stenosis in a patient with HITS

Acute thrombosis involving the left atrium and a bioprosthetic valve during the early postoperative period is an extremely rare complication of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome (HITS). We present a patient with early bioprosthetic mitral valve stenosis complicated by HITS in a patient with severe mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, and severe left ventricular dysfunction.     

A case of mitral valve replacement with a collar-reinforced prosthetic valve for heavily calcified mitral annulus.

Mitral valve replacement in the presence of extensive calcification of the mitral annulus is a technical challenge. Dense calcification of the annulus can cause a great difficulty in the insertion of a prosthetic valve and later periprosthetic leakage. A radical calcium debridement may cause left circumflex coronary artery injury, atrioventricular rupture, and thromboembolic events. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman suffering from mitral regurgitation with a severely calcified mitral annulus. She underwent mitral valve replacement using a collar-reinforced prosthetic valve, which allowed the surgeon to safely insert a prosthetic valve, avoiding the calcification completely without any major complications. We recommend this method as a feasible technique for mitral valve replacement in the presence of heavily calcified or disrupted fragile mitral annulus.     

Accessory mitral valve associated with aortic regurgitation in an elderly patient: report of a case

We encountered a 75-year-old man who complained of exertional dyspnea. An echocardiographic examination showed aortic regurgitation and a tumor in the left ventricular outflow tract. Under complete extracorporeal circulation, we surgically made an incision of the ascending aorta with a slight thickening of the aortic valve and an enlarged annulus. After excising the aortic valve, an examination of the subvalvular region revealed mitral valve-like tissue extending from the annular region of the right coronary cusp to the ventricular septum, while the chordae tendinae was attached to the septum. This issue was excised, and the aortic valve was replaced with a 27-mm SJM valve. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in good condition on postoperative day 30. An accessory mitral valve is extremely rare. Since this indication for surgical treatment is associated with congenital heart disease or a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, most patients are young. Our patient had no associated cardiac anomalies and no pressure gradient attributable to a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This accessory mitral valve was discovered during aortic valve replacement surgery. To our knowledge, our patient is the oldest reported with an accessory mitral valve to have undergone a surgical resection.     

Surgical treatment in a patient with multiple systemic complications of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis: case report

A 31-year-old woman who had undergone aortic and mitral valve replacement 1 year previously was hospitalized with suspected prosthetic valve endocarditis. Freestyle stentless aortic xenograft was successfully replaced using freestanding total aortic root replacement techniques at the left ventricular outflow tract position, and aorta-to-right coronary artery bypass was also applied with a saphenous vein graft. The patient developed multiple systemic problems during the preoperative and postoperative periods and was successfully treated with intensive interventions. She was discharged at the postoperative fourth month, and the following 28 months were uneventful.     

Technique of managing periprosthetic leakage due to mitral prosthetic valve endocarditis: report of a case

A patient with multiple leaks caused by active mitral prosthetic valve endocarditis with an annular abscess underwent repeat mitral valve replacement. To secure the new mitral prosthesis, sutures were placed through the healthy interatrial septal wall from right to left at the posteromedial region and then to the new prosthetic valve sewing cuff. In the anterolateral region, sutures were placed through the reconstructed annulus after debridement of the abscess and then reinforced with a pericardial xenograft patch. Postoperatively, the perivalvular leakage stopped and the patient recovered uneventfully.     

Lung resection combined with percutaneous coronary intervention using cypher stents: a case report.

Treatment of concomitant severe coronary artery disease and lung cancer is a complicated issue. The present study describes a case of a 65-year-old man with coronary artery disease and primary lung cancer that was successfully treated with lung resection and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using Cypher stents. Prior to lung resection, the patient underwent a PCI for diffuse stenosis of the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery. Cypher stents were deployed for both lesions. Five days after stent implantation, a right lower lobectomy was performed successfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lung resection and PCI using Cypher stents.     

Emergent coronary artery bypass grafting using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in a patient with a quadricuspid aortic valve; report of a case

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for acute myocardial infarction. A cardiac catheter study showed 3 vessels coronary disease. He was treated by percutaneous coronary intervention for a left anterior descending arterial (LAD) lesion. Unfortunately, cardiac tamponade following stenting for LAD was complicated. A percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system was commenced along with an emergent coronary artery bypass grafting to the LAD and obtuse marginal branch. A quadricuspid aortic valve was discovered by an aortotomy and identified as Hurwitz-Roberts classification type b. Blood from the left coronary main trunk had already stopped. Intraaortic balloon pumping was instituted while weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and all bypass grafts were sufficient. He was well 1 year after the operation.     

A complex mitral valve reconstruction: a case report

Several techniques are currently in use for mitral valve reconstruction. We report a mitral repair case in which the use of a combination of different surgical techniques resulted in the necessary correction. A 47-year-old woman underwent surgical intervention to treat severe mitral valve insufficiency due to A1/A2/A3 and P2 prolapsed valve tissue. A combination of quadrangular resection, sliding leaflet, single chordal transposition, "flip-over" leaflet, and ring annuloplasty techniques were applied, and postsurgical correct valve function was documented by results of a left ventricular saline filling test and transesophageal echocardiography control. Complex mitral valve repairing techniques can be combined to reestablish valvular function.     

Brucella glomerulonephritis and prosthetic valve endocarditis: a case report

Although brucellosis is an endemic disease in Mediterranean countries, there are few reported cases of Brucella endocarditis and glomerulonephritis. We report a case of Brucella prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis and glomerulonephritis that could be managed by using only antibiotic therapy, including rifampicin, doxycycline and ceftriaxone, without a surgical procedure.     

Orthotopic liver transplantation without bypass in a patient with mitral valve prolapse

Editor—Orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) withoutbypass are associated with the potential for significant bloodloss, sharply decreasing intravascular volume during anhepaticstage, aggressive overloaded volume on reperfusion, and developedreperfusion syndrome around the time of reperfusion. A featureof mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is mitral regurgitation (MR)which may be exacerbated by increased systemic vascular resistance(SVR), bradycardia or excessive tachycardia, and volume overload.We present a case of a successful OLT without bypass in a patientwith anatomical MVP associated with moderate MR with a historyof end-stage liver disease. We present the anaesthetic problemsand management for this     

国产侧倾碟瓣二尖瓣置换术125例患者20年随访结果

目的　分析国产侧倾碟瓣二尖瓣置换术后 2 0年随访的结果 ,探讨影响患者近、远期临床疗效的因素。　方法　回顾性分析 1978年 9月～ 1982年 6月 ,应用国产侧倾碟瓣膜施行二尖瓣置换术 12 5例的临床资料及随访结果。结果　本组患者风湿性二尖瓣狭窄 31例 ,二尖瓣狭窄合并关闭不全 92例 ,二尖瓣细菌性心内膜炎 2例。其中合并三尖瓣功能性关闭不全 5例 ,3例有二尖瓣狭窄闭式扩张分离术病史。 12 5例患者均采用国产侧倾碟瓣 ( 2 5～ 2 9mm)施行二尖瓣置换术 ,合并中度以上三尖瓣功能性关闭不全者行改良DeVega或Kay法环缩术。术后发生并发症 31例 ,住院期间死亡 11例 ( 8 8% )。早期死亡原因为低心排出量综合征、呼吸功能衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭、人造瓣膜功能障碍等。长期生存 114例 ,平均随访时间为 12 8年。生存 10年以上者 89例 ( 78% ) ;15年以上 5 8例( 5 1% ) ;2 0年以上 5 5例 ( 48% )。晚期死亡 16例 ,死亡的主要原因为心力衰竭、抗凝有关的并发症、血栓栓塞 ,以及风湿热复发。患者术后 10年、2 0年生存率分别为 82 3%和 5 1 1%。抗凝过量出血与血栓栓塞并发症的发生率分别为 0 83%病人·年与 0 4 1%病人·年。生存 2 0年以上的 5 5例患者 ,心功能恢复Ⅰ级者 37例、Ⅱ级 13例、Ⅲ级 6例。　结论