Intra-tumor flow index can predict the malignant potential of breast tumor: dependent on age and volume

The aim of this study was to assess tumor vascularity through three dimensional (3D) power Doppler breast ultrasound (US) and propose a decision model for the classification of benign and malignant breast tumors. Patient recruitment for this study was performed consecutively during a 13-mo period (January 2003 to February 2004). A total of 102 benign and 93 malignant solid breast images were analyzed. Three-dimensional power Doppler US imaging was performed using a Voluson730 ultrasound system equipped with a relative stopping power index (RSP) 6 to 12 transducer. The Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL)-imaging program (version 2.1) was used to analyze the stored volume. Histogram indices of the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI) for the intra-tumor and for shells with a thickness of 3 mm surrounding the breast lesion were calculated and showed that for both, malignancy had a higher VI, FI and VFI than benignancy, with statistical significance. Multivariate and stepwise logistic regression revealed the model (including patient age, volume and intra-tumor FI in 3D power Doppler vascularity) to be the best choice for malignant breast tumor characterization. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) index for the performance of the model was 0.926. Histogram indices for the intra-tumor FI in the 3D power Doppler scan are a good choice of parameter for differentiating between malignant and benign tumors with respect to the power of sensitivity, no matter whether one index is suggested or the patients' age and volume are considered.     

三维能量多普勒超声鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值

目的评价三维能量多普勒超声鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法乳腺肿块（恶性98例,良性108例）患者进行三维能量多普勒超声成像及直方图血管容积参数的采集与分析,直方图指数包括平均灰度、血管指数、血流指数和血管一血流指数。结果单因素分析以患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤体积及血管各项指数鉴别乳腺良恶性肿瘤,参数之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;鉴别病灶良恶性以肿瘤体积参数的准确性最高（80．2％）,以血流指数的敏感性最高（73．8％）,以血管指数、血管一血流指数的特异性为最高（均为90．3％）。多元Logistic逐步回归分析,模型（包括患者的年龄、体积及血流指数）是对乳腺恶性肿瘤定性诊断的最佳模型,此模型的ROC曲线下面积为0．958。结论三维能量多普勒超声能充分评估乳腺肿瘤的血管及血流情况,可以提高乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。     

Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Breast Tumors by Using Vascularization of 3-D Power Doppler Ultrasound

This study assessed the accuracy of three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler ultrasound in differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors by using a support vector machine (SVM). A 3-D power Doppler ultrasonography was performed on 164 patients with 86 benign and 78 malignant breast tumors. The volume-of-interest (VOI) in 3-D ultrasound images was automatically generated from three rectangular regions-of-interest (ROI). The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI) on 3-D power-Doppler ultrasound images were evaluated for the entire volume area, computer extracted VOI area and the area outside the VOI. Furthermore, patient's age and VOI volume were also applied for breast tumor classifications. Each ultrasonography in this study was classified as benign or malignant based on the features using the SVM model. All the tumors were sampled using k-fold cross-validation (k = 10) to evaluate the diagnostic performance with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of SVM for classifying malignancies were 94%, 69%, 73%, 92% and 81%, respectively. The classification performance in terms of Az value for the ROC curve of the features derived from 3-D power Doppler is 0.91. This study indicates that combining 3-D power Doppler vascularity with patient's age and tumor size offers a good method for differentiating benign andmalignant breast tumors. (E-mail: ylhuang@thu.edu.tw (Y.-L.H.); darren_chen@cch.org.tw (D.-R.C.))     

Ultrasound as a complement to mammography and breast examination to characterize breast masses

This study was designed to determine if complementary ultrasound (US) imaging and Doppler could decrease the number of biopsies for benign masses. A total of 761 breast masses were sequentially scored on a level of suspicion (LOS) of 1-5, where 1 represented low, and 5 was a high suspicion of malignancy, for mammography, US, and color flow with pulse Doppler (DUS). After biopsy, the results were analyzed using 2 x 2 contingency tables and ROC analysis, for mammography alone and in combination with US and DUS. The addition of US increased the specificity from 51.4% to 66.4% at a prevalence of 31.3% malignancy. ROC analysis showed that the addition of US significantly improved the performance over mammography alone in women < 55 years old (p = 0.049); > 55 years old (p = 0.029); masses < 1 cm (p = 0.016) and masses > 1 cm (p = 0.016). These results show that the addition of US to mammography alone could substantially reduce the number of breast biopsies for benign disease.     

三维能量多普勒超声定量研究卵巢肿物血管的价值

目的应用阴式三维能量多普勒超声定量测量卵巢肿物内血管参数并评价其对鉴别卵巢肿物良恶性的价值。 方法使用三维能量多普勒超声对44例术前诊断卵巢肿物的患者及20例正常卵巢的育龄妇女进行检查并测量相应的血管参数：血管形成指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）、血管形成一血流指数（VFI）。比较卵巢良性肿物组（23例）、恶性肿物组（21例）和正常卵巢对照组（20例）血管参数值的差异及其与肿物血管分型的关系。 结果卵巢恶性肿物组的VI、FIVFI值均明显高于良性肿物组和正常卵巢对照组。良性肿物组的VI值亦高于正常卵巢对照组。 结论三维能量多普勒超声定量测量卵巢肿物血管参数可为鉴别卵巢肿物良恶性及卵巢恶性肿物的早期诊断提供有价值的信息。     

三维剪切波弹性成像技术在鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节中的应用价值

目的探讨三维剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术在乳腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值。 方法对2015年8月至2016年6月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的128例乳腺占位性病变女性患者149个乳腺结节行常规超声、二维及三维SWE检查。所有病例均经病理证实。绘制SWE定量参数以及常规二维超声及常规二维超声联合SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线,得出曲线下面积（AUC）并采用Z检验进行比较,得出相应的敏感度、特异度并采用McNemar比较。 结果三维SWE中,灰阶图像上测量的标准差（E_SD^U）和弹性图像上测量的标准差（E_SD^E）鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC分别为0.887和0.909,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三维SWE的E_SD^E鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的特异度高于E_SD^U（90.2% vs 82.6%）,且差异有统计学意义（P=0.023）。二维SWE的E_SD^E鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC大于E_SD^U（0.933 vs 0.908）,且差异有统计学意义（P=0.04）。二维SWE的E_SD^E、E_SD^U与三维SWE的E_SD^E、E_SD^U鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC差异均无统计学意义。常规二维超声联合二维、三维SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的AUC均高于常规二维超声,且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;除了三维SWE的E_SD^U,其余常规二维超声联合二维、三维SWE鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性结节的特异度均高于常规二维超声,且差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。 结论三维SWE在乳腺良恶性结节的鉴别中显示了良好的诊断效能,其中E_SD^E较E_SD^U具有更高的临床应用价值。     

Computer-aided diagnosis for the classification of breast masses in automated whole breast ultrasound images

New automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS) machines have recently been developed and the ultrasound (US) volume dataset of the whole breast can be acquired in a standard manner. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel computer-aided diagnosis system for classification of breast masses in ABUS images. One hundred forty-seven cases (76 benign and 71 malignant breast masses) were obtained by a commercially available ABUS system. Because the distance of neighboring slices in ABUS images is fixed and small, these continuous slices were used for reconstruction as three-dimensional (3-D) US images. The 3-D tumor contour was segmented using the level-set segmentation method. Then, the 3-D features, including the texture, shape and ellipsoid fitting were extracted based on the segmented 3-D tumor contour to classify benign and malignant tumors based on the logistic regression model. The Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. From the Az values of ROC curves, the shape features (0.9138) are better than the texture features (0.8603) and the ellipsoid fitting features (0.8496) for classification. The difference was significant between shape and ellipsoid fitting features (p = 0.0382). However, combination of ellipsoid fitting features and shape features can achieve a best performance with accuracy of 85.0% (125/147), sensitivity of 84.5% (60/71), specificity of 85.5% (65/76) and the area under the ROC curve Az of 0.9466. The results showed that ABUS images could be used for computer-aided feature extraction and classification of breast tumors. (E-mail: rfchang@csie.ntu.edu.tw)     

Three‐Dimensional Power Doppler Vascular Sonographic Sampling for Predicting Ovarian Cancer in Cystic‐Solid and Solid Vascularized Masses

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of 3‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler (PD) sonography to discriminate between benign and malignant cystic‐solid and solid vascularized adnexal masses and to define cutoff values for 3D PD indices to be used in a clinical setting. Methods. A total of 143 consecutive women (mean age, 50.4 years; range, 17–82 years) with diagnoses of cystic‐solid or solid vascularized adnexal masses on B‐mode and 2‐dimensional PD sonography were evaluated by 3D PD sonography before surgery. Three‐dimensional PD sonography was used to assess vascularization within papillary projections and solid areas with a virtual organ computer‐aided analysis program. Three‐dimensional PD vascular indices (vascularization index [VI], flow index [FI], and vascularization‐flow index [VFI]) were automatically calculated. A definitive histologic diagnosis was obtained in each case. Results. A total of 113 masses (74%) were malignant, and 39 (26%) were benign. Morphologic evaluation revealed 30 unilocular solid masses (19.7%), 43 multilocular solid masses (28.3%), and 79 mostly solid masses (52%). The mean VI (9.365% versus 3.3%; P < .001), FI (34.318 versus 28.794; P < .001), and VFI (3.233 versus 1.15; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in malignant tumors. No differences were found in the resistive index, pulsatility index, and peak systolic velocity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.85), 0.71 (0.60–0.81), and 0.75 (0.66–0.83) for the VI, FI and VFI, respectively. For reducing the false‐positive rate by almost one‐third, sensitivity values for the VI (cutoff, 1.556%), FI (25.212), and VFI (0.323) were 92%, 95%, and 93%, respectively. Conclusions. Three‐dimensional PD vascular indices could be helpful for reducing the false‐positive rate in cystic‐solid and solid vascularized adnexal masses.     

体素内不相干运动双指数模型评价乳腺肿块样病变

目的 应用体素内不相干运动(IVIM)双指数模型探讨真性弥散系数(D)、与灌注相关的假性弥散系数(D^*),灌注分数(f)在诊断乳腺肿块样病变诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集经病理证实的乳腺恶性肿块48例(恶性组)、良性肿块26例(良性组)及正常体检者19名(对照组),均行常规MRI检查及多b值的弥散加权成像检查。比较3组间D值、f值、D^*值及ADC值的差异,采用ROC曲线评估各个指标对乳腺良恶性肿块样病变的诊断效能。结果 对照组、良性组及恶性组间D、f、D^*及ADC值的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。良性组D值低于对照组、且高于恶性组(P均<0.01);恶性组f值高于对照组及良性组(P均<0.01),而对照组与良性组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.14);良性组D^*值低于对照组、高于恶性组(P均<0.01);良性组ADC值低于对照组、高于恶性组(P均<0.01)。恶性组的D值显著低于ADC值(P<0.01)。分析采用各DWI参数鉴别诊断乳腺恶性肿块样变的ROC曲线,D值具有较高的诊断效能,其次依次为ADC值,f值及D^*值,曲线下面积(AUC)依次为0.95、0.90、0.87、0.75。结论 IVIM双指数模型能够真实反映乳腺肿块样病变水分子的弥散情况,尤其是D值对乳腺病变良恶性的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考意义。     

Use of Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of breast carcinoma.

Ultrasound is an imaging modality commonly used to evaluate breast lesions in hopes to distinguish benign from malignant solid masses. Angiogenesis, defined as the emergence of new vessels to further the growth of tumor, has stimulated interest in the potential uses of Doppler ultrasound in patients with breast cancer. This article describes different forms of Doppler ultrasound, including color Doppler (CD), power Doppler (PD), and spectral Doppler (SD), as well as 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and ultrasound contrast media. We review the role of Doppler ultrasound in distinguishing benign from malignant solid breast masses. We also discuss the role of ultrasound in predicting tumor grade, histology, node status, and lymphatic vascular invasion, and in monitoring breast cancer treatment.     

三维彩色血管能量成像对乳腺肿物血管的定量研究

目的探讨三维彩色血管能量成像（3D—CPA）定量检测乳腺肿物内血管参数对鉴别诊断肿物良恶性的临床价值。方法61例乳腺肿瘤患者,良性组31例,恶性组30例,对其行3D—CPA重建。采用Vocal分析软件,选择三维能量直方图获得血管形成指数（vI）、血流指数（FI）和血管形成一血流指数（VFI）;并对乳腺肿物进行3D—CPA血流分级,比较乳腺良恶性肿物vI、FI、VFI及其与乳腺肿物内血流分级的关系。结果3D—CPA血流Ⅲ级患者的VI、FI、VFI高于Ⅱ级（P〈0．05）,以Ⅲ级作为诊断乳腺良恶性标准,敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为91．3％、76．3％、82．0％。恶性组VI、FI、VFI均高于良性组（P〈0．05）。以vI≥1．157诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的敏感性分别为87％,准确性为77％,特异性为68％;以FI≥32．397诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的敏感性为83％,准确性为67％,特异性为52％;以VFI／〉0．426诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的敏感性为83％,准确性为73％,特异性为61％。结论乳腺肿物3D—CPA血管定量参数VI、FI、VFI与乳腺肿物血流分级结果一致,可用来判断乳腺肿物内部血管丰富程度,恶性肿物参数均高于良性肿物,有助于乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别。     

超声弹性成像与常规超声对乳腺病灶鉴别诊断价值的对比研究

目的比较常规超声（包括灰阶超声、彩色多普勒血流显像、频谱多普勒超声）及超声弹性成像对良、恶性乳腺肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法对手术病理证实的475个乳腺病灶的常规超声、超声弹性成像图像进行回顾性分析,用ROC曲线评价其诊断价值。结果超声弹性成像及常规超声诊断乳腺良恶性病灶的ROC曲线下面积（Az）分别为：0.959和0.899,差异有统计学意义（Z=2.7,P〈0.01）。结论在乳腺良恶性病灶的鉴别诊断方面,超声弹性成像的综合诊断价值优于常规超声。     

Enhanced methods for visualizing myocardial perfusion with peripheral venous injection of Levovist®: Application of triggered harmonic imaging and triggered harmonic power Doppler imaging techniques

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine whether triggered harmonic imaging (THI) or triggered harmonic power Doppler imaging (THPDI) could obtain the myocardial contrast enhancement using peripheral venous injection of a first generation echocardiographic contrast agent, Levovist^®. Methods:In a phantom model, we examined the influence of an acoustic power, harmonic filters, transmitted frequencies and focus positions of transducer on Levovist^®. Then fundamental, harmonic or harmonic power Doppler imaging were performed with ECG-triggered imaging in eight closed-chest dogs using bolus injection of Levovist^®. Results:In a phantom model, the highest transmission power (Mechanical index 1.6), a medium harmonic filter and a focus position (6 cm) resulted in the best enhanced contrast in both THI and THPDI. Furthermore, higher pulse repetition frequency (5500 Hz) of harmonic power Doppler made clearer enhancement. In animal models, we could not observe the apparent myocardial contrast using triggered fundamental imaging, and the intensity of each region of interest (ROI) of myocardium had not changed significantly. However, homogeneous myocardial contrast could be obtained using THI, which was conditioned on the highest transmission power, a medium harmonic filter same as the phantom model, at a lower transmitted frequency (1.8 MHz) and a focus position, which were located in the middle portion of the left ventricle. The peak intensity of each ROI increased significantly in a gray level. Furthermore, THPDI caused emphasized myocardial contrast visually. Conclusions:These results indicate that THI and THPDI produce obvious MCE using peripheral venous injection of Levovist^®.     

三维容积和能量多普勒血流参数对绝经期子宫内膜良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨三维容积及能量多普勒血流参数对绝经后出血患者子宫内膜良恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 对84例子宫内膜病变患者行三维能量多普勒超声检查,以病理结果分为良性组(子宫内膜息肉30例,子宫内膜增生34例)和恶性组(子宫内膜癌20例),应用接受者操作特性曲线(ROC曲线)比较各项指标的诊断价值.结果 两组间内膜体积比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),三维能量多普勒血流参数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).血管指数(V1)、血流指数(FI)和血管-血流指数(VFI)的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.976、0.888和0.894.其中VI的曲线下面积最大,当VI的截断值为2.97%时,敏感性为95%,特异性为86%.结论 三维能量多普勒血流参数对绝经期出血患者内膜良恶性病变具有较高的诊断价值.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI) in the discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Methods Eighty-four women with post menopausal bleeding who examined by 3D-PDI were enrolled. All patients scheduled for pathological examination were divided into benign group (30 cases with endometrial polyps and 34 cases with hyperplasia) and malignant group (20 cases with endometrial carcinoma). Endometrial volume, vascularity index ( VI) , flow index ( FI) and vascularity flow index ( VFI) were measured. The diagnostic value of parameters derived from 3D-PDI was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve. Results Differences of these parameters (VI, FI and VFI) were considered statistically significant between two groups, the parameters of endometrial volume had no significant differences between two groups; the area under ROC curve(AUC) of the meaningful data were 0.976,0.888 and 0.894 respectively. Among these parameters, VI had the highest diagnostic value for discriminating between benign and malignant endometrium, the cut-off value of which was 2. 97 with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 86%. Conclusions 3D-PDI is a good diagnostic tools in the discriminations between benign and malignant endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding.     

三维造影增强能量多普勒超声在卵巢肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨三维造影增强能量多普勒（3D-CEPD）在卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 对50例卵巢肿瘤患者分别于造影前、造影中及造影后进行三维能量多普勒（3D-PD）检查。采用3D-PD直方图计算肿瘤血管形成指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）和血管形成-血流指数（VFI）,比较卵巢良性与恶性肿瘤各血管参数的差异及各血管参数在造影前、造影中、造影后的差异,并评价3个参数的诊断效能。结果 50例患者中,18例为恶性肿瘤,32例为良性肿瘤。造影前、中、后卵巢恶性肿瘤的血管参数均明显高于良性肿瘤（P均<0.01）,良恶性肿瘤的各血管参数在造影前、造影中、造影后的差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。3个不同检查时段血管参数鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤的ROC曲线下面积均为VI最大,FI最小。造影前、中、后三个不同检查时段VI诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.83、0.87、0.89。造影前以VI=2.2%为界值,鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率为77.77%、87.50%、77.77%、87.50%、84.00%;造影中以VI=23.2%为界值,各诊断效能分别为94.44%、90.62%、85.00%、96.66%、92.00%;而造影后以VI=12.4%为界值,各诊断效能分别为94.44%、93.75%、89.47%、96.77%、94.00%,造影中及造影后的诊断效能较造影前明显增高（P<0.01）,而造影后的特异度、阳性预测值优于造影中（P<0.01）。结论 3D-CEPD可提高鉴别卵巢肿瘤良恶性的能力,血管参数VI最有诊断价值,其诊断效能以造影后更佳。     

常规超声联合超声造影鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤

目的 探讨常规超声(US)、CEUS以及US联合CEUS鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析73例单发乳腺肿块患者的US及CEUS资料。采用多元Logistic回归获得US、CEUS以及US联合CEUS诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的模型方程,计算3个模型诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的准确率、敏感度和特异度;绘制ROC曲线,评价3种方法诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的能力。结果 US诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的主要指标为病灶周边声晕、蟹足样边界及阻力指数(RI);采用CEUS诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的主要指标为不均匀增强、增强后径线扩大以及相对峰值强度;US联合CEUS诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的主要指标为病灶周边声晕、蟹足样边界、RI及不均匀增强。单独运用US和CEUS以及US联合CEUS诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的准确率、敏感度、特异度分别为88.9%、91.4%、84.2%,87.7%、89.7%、84.6%和92.3%、97.1%、83.3%,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.96、0.90及0.98。结论 US和CEUS鉴别诊断良恶性肿瘤的能力相当,二者联合应用可提高诊断水平。     

彩色及能量多普勒超声在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值研究

目的探讨彩色及能量多普勒超声在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对89个乳腺肿块（良性47个,恶性42个）进行彩色及能量多普勒超声检查,分析血流分布特征及血流动力学参数,并与手术病理对照。结果恶性肿块组中周边和内部均有血流者为63.4%,良性肿块组为28.0%,两组之间在血流分布部位上的差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）;恶性肿块组中有分支状血流者为65.9%,良性肿块组为24.0%,两组之间在血流分布形态上的差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;恶性肿块组63.4%有穿入型血流信号,良性肿块组仅20.0%有穿入型血流信号,两者间的差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。恶性组的阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）明显大于良性组（P〈0.001）,加速度时间（AT）明显小于良性组（P〈0.001）;以PI〉1.35,RI〉0.75,AT〈90ms为临界值,诊断恶性肿块的敏感性分别为87%、87%、39%,特异性分别为88%、80%、96%,准确性分别为88%、85%、61%。结论彩色多普勒超声作为一种无创性影像检查方法,可清晰显示乳腺肿物的二维声像图特征和血流特征,对乳腺肿块良、恶性鉴别诊断具有重要临床应用价值。     

三维能量多普勒超声检测宫颈高级别鳞状上皮病变

目的 前瞻性研究三维能量多普勒超声（3D PDUS）检测宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）的临床价值。方法 收集120例疑似宫颈病变患者,排除宫颈有明显肿块者。对所有患者均行二维常规经阴道超声和3D PDUS检查,对照病理学结果进行分析。采用4D view VOCAL软件获得宫颈三维血管参数,包括血管化指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）及血管化血流指数（VFI）。以病理结果为金标准,采用ROC曲线分析3D PDUS诊断HSIL的敏感度和特异度,并计算曲线下面积。结果 120例中,病理证实HSIL患者59例,二维超声诊断12例,3D PDUS诊断36例。HSIL患者的三维血管参数均高于宫颈良性病变患者,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。二维超声诊断HSIL的敏感度和特异度分别为20.33%（12/59）、75.40%（46/61）,3D PDUS诊断HSIL的敏感度和特异度分别为61.01%（36/59）、81.96%（50/61）。ROC曲线分析显示当VI为3.38时,曲线下面积为0.883,特异度和敏感度分别为68.0%和72.9%,当FI为32.18时,曲线下面积为0.723,特异度和敏感度分别为68.2%和76.3%,当VFI为1.18时,曲线下面积为0.888,特异度和敏感度分别95.5%和72.9%。结论 VFI可用于临床早期鉴别宫颈HSIL。     

B-Mode Ultrasound Combined with Color Doppler and Strain Elastography in the Diagnosis of Non-mass Breast Lesions: A Prospective Study

Non-mass breast lesions on ultrasound (US) are areas without an associated mass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether combining B-mode US with color Doppler US and strain elastography (SE) improves US differentiation between benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions and the decision for biopsy. In this prospective study, three different radiologists analyzed the US images of 77 non-mass lesions independently and recorded Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories for four data sets. The image characteristics and BI-RADS categories of the four data sets were analyzed by another radiologist. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic findings. Values for area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared among the data sets. The AUC of B-mode US combined with both color Doppler US and SE was greater than that of B-mode US alone (0.666 vs. 0.828) (p = 0.011). The specificity of making the decision for biopsy increased from 6.5% to 38.7% when B-mode US was combined with color Doppler and SE, without a statistically significant change in sensitivity (p < 0.001). Combined use of color Doppler and SE could improve the diagnostic value of B-mode US in distinguishing benign from malignant non-mass breast lesions and the specificity of making the decision for biopsy of non-mass breast lesions.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography using Sonazoid® is useful for diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors: comparison with Doppler ultrasound

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of Sonazoid^®-enhanced ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in comparison with Doppler US.

Methods

Twenty-five ovarian tumor patients who were scheduled to undergo surgery were recruited for this study. The day before the operation, each patient was evaluated with color and power Doppler and baseline US during intravenous infusion of Sonazoid. Each lesion was classified as “benign” or “malignant” on the basis of specific criteria for a Doppler signal or Sonazoid-enhanced pattern. The reference standard was the histology of surgically removed adnexal tumors.

Results

Twenty patients were diagnosed with malignant tumors (invasive cancer, n = 15; metastatic cancer, n = 1; borderline tumor, n = 4), and the remaining five were diagnosed with benign tumors. Sonazoid-enhanced US correctly depicted the presence or absence of intratumoral blood flow in all patients with an accuracy of 92 %. Color Doppler ultrasound depicted the malignancies with an accuracy of 64 %, and power Doppler ultrasound depicted them with an accuracy of 76 %.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that Sonazoid-enhanced US is superior to conventional color Doppler US for the diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors, but not to power Doppler US. The data and their interpretation in our study should be taken with some degree of caution because of the small number of subjects. Further studies involving a larger sample size would be needed to confirm these findings.