社区老年人痴呆流行病学调查

目的 :了解社区老年人痴呆的流行现状。方法 :采用整群抽样 ,以简易精神状态量表 (MMSE)法 ,对南海市桂城社区 14 18名 6 0岁以上老年人进行痴呆的流行病学调查。结果 :符合美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第 4版 (DSM- IV)和美国国立神经和语言障碍和卒中——老年性痴呆及相关疾病学会 (NINCDS- ADRDA)痴呆诊断标准者 6 5例 ,痴呆患病率 4 .5 8%。其中 Alzheim er病痴呆 (AD) 5 1例 ,患病率 3.6 0 % ,占 78.4 6 % ;血管性痴呆 (VD) 14例 ,患病率 0 .99% ,占2 1.5 4 %。痴呆及 AD患病率女性明显高于男性 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 VD患病率男女间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。痴呆、 AD及 VD的患病率均随年龄的增长而增高 (P<0 .0 1)。文化程度越低 ,痴呆、 AD及 VD的患病率越高 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :社区痴呆患病率与世界各国报道相似 ;AD为主要类别 ;高龄、女性、低文化水平可能是痴呆的危险因素。     

重庆市某社区老年人血脂血糖水平分析

目的 了解重庆市社区老年人血脂血糖水平和异常状况.方法 对重庆市某社区1 382名60岁以上老年人空腹外周静脉血的血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和GLU的测定结果进行统计分析.结果 70岁以上,随着年龄的增加HDL-C水平随之升高,GLU水平随之下降;女性血脂4项指标值均高于男性,血糖无性别间差异;60～70岁组的GLU、70～80岁组的TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C以及80岁以上组的TC、HDL-C和LDL-C的均值都为女性高于男性;血脂血糖异常检出率中女性的TG高于男性,差异具有统计学意义,其他指标的差异无统计学意义.结论 应对老年人进行定期血糖、血脂检查,宣传教育如何有效改善饮食结构,改变不良生活方式,提高自我保健意识等来预防高血脂高血糖的发生发展.     

社区老年人血糖与血脂检验情况分析

目的 分析在社区>60岁老年人的血糖与血脂检验情况,对我国老年群体健康情况进行关注。方法 选取2020年9—10月进行体检的1 018例社区老年人作为研究对象,依据老年人年龄将其分为两组,其中,研究组年龄在60～75岁,对照组年龄>75岁,对两组老年患者血糖与血脂检验结果进行分析。结果 在检验结果方面,血糖异常率为57.96%,血脂异常率为64.83%,研究组血糖、血脂异常率占比低于对照组;研究组空腹血糖为（6.95±0.56）mmol/L,低于对照组的（7.61±0.58）mmol/L;研究组血脂指标HDL-C高于对照组,LDL-C、TC、TG低于对照组;在性别患病率方面,数据显示,男性血糖与血脂指标异常的比例总体高于女性,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在社区老年群体中,高血糖与高血脂的发病率相对较高,且老年男性的发病率总体上高于女性,基于此,为了有效保障我国老年群体的健康,医疗人员应定期组织社区>60岁的老年人进行健康体检,并有效做好相关医疗健康知识的普及。     

906例老年人血脂水平血糖与心电图改变关系分析

目的 分析60岁以上老年人血脂，血糖水平及其与心电图改变的关系。方法 采用标准化方法测定血清总胆固醇（TC），甘油三脂（TG），高密度蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），血糖（BG）水平，与常规12导联心电图比较分析。结果 906例体检中，患高血压病141例，冠心病123例。糖尿病24例。TC增高195例（67.70%)；TG增高105例（36.45%)；HDL-C减低67例（23.26%)；LDL-C增高68例（23.61%)；BG增高66例（22.91%)。心电图改变270例（93.75%)。结论 老年人血脂，血糖增高率和心电图改变比例关系尤为密切。说明老年人糖脂代谢异常较敏感。     

兴化市农村老年人空腹血糖水平调查

目的 了解兴化市农村老年人空腹血糖水平.方法 对55岁以上常住居民,采集早晨空腹静脉血样检测血糖.结果 调查5 887名居民,检出空腹血糖异常者926例,异常率为15.73％.其中,低血糖占2.48％;血糖受损占60.91％,糖尿病占36.61％.结论 兴化市农村老年人血糖异常率较高,应引起重视.     

社区体检人群血糖水平分析

目的研究社区体检人群的血糖水平。方法收集了2009年7～8月在闸北区宝山路街道社区卫生服务中心进行体检的对象1004例,对其空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）进行分析。结果①FPG、2hPG和HbAlc存在明显的年龄差异,且随年龄的增高而上升,65～75岁组达高峰（P〈0．05）。②FPG除45～54岁组男性大于女性外,各年龄组女性高于男性;HbAlC除65岁及以上组女性高于男性外,其他各年龄段男性均大于女性;2hPG除55～64岁组女性I大于男性外,其余各组男性也都高于女性。③体检中新发现糖尿病70人（7．98％）,空腹血糖受损（IFG）47人（5．36％）,糖耐量受损（IGT）157人（17．90％）,同时有IFG和IGT19人（2．20％）。结论本次调查结果显示社区老年糖尿病患者血糖控制仍不理想,新发糖尿病及糖耐量受损者不断增加,社区糖尿病防治工作任重道远。     

定期血糖及血脂检查对社区老年人的影响

目的 探究定期血糖及血脂检查对社区老年人的影响,以保障社区老年人群的健康。方法 将在天津市津南区双闸卫生院所辖社区2022年10月—2023年2月进行正常体检的300例老年人纳入本次研究,根据研究对象年龄不同将其分为观察1组143例和观察2组157例。观察1组年龄60～70岁,观察2组年龄>70岁。定期检测两组老年人的血糖以及血脂水平,每月检测1次,连续检测3次,观察两组空腹血糖、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平、血糖异常发生率以及血脂异常发生率。结果 观察2组老年人空腹血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平均高于观察1组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察2组血糖异常发生率为31.21%,血脂异常发生率为25.48%,分别高于观察1组的15.38%和12.59%,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 社区老年人定期进行血糖以及血脂检查十分重要,发现血糖及血脂异常以利于检出糖尿病及高血脂等,对于年龄>70岁老年人应更为重视,及早治疗,从而改善预后,具有临床推广应用价值。     

社区老年人不同肥胖指标与空腹血糖受损的关系研究

目的 分析社区老年人不同肥胖指标对空腹血糖受损（IFG）的预测价值,旨在为预防或延缓其发展成为糖尿病提供指导依据。方法 选取2021年广东省某社区常住老年人为调查对象,收集调查对象的人口学信息、慢病史和生活方式等资料,测量腰围、身高、体重、血压等,检测空腹血糖、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）等。运用二元logistic回归分析与IFG的相关性,受试者工作曲线（ROC曲线）分析老年人的不同肥胖相关指标对IFG的预测效果。结果 老年非糖尿病人群中空腹血糖受损发生率为9.9%,其中男性IFG患病率为10.6%,女性IFG患病率为9.3%。二元logistic回归分析显示,LAP、BMI是老年人IFG发生的危险因素（OR1.44、1.31、95%CI 1.03-2.05、1.01-1.71、P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,男性的BMI、WHtR、LAP、VAI预测IFG发生风险的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.602、0.629、0.613,女性的分别为0.579、0.565、0.629、0.616。结论 LAP、BMI与老年人IFG发生率呈高强度正相关,随着...     

长沙地区老年人血脂,血糖水平的分析

心脑血管病和糖尿病是危害老年人健康、影响生活质量的重要问题。而脂类及糖代谢异常又是这两类疾病的重要危险因素，健康体查时，血脂和血糖的测定被列为检查项目对老年人尤其必要。因此作者将长沙地区６０岁以上老年人健康检查时测得的血脂和血糖水平进行了分析。１对象...     

城市社区居民高血压患病率与血糖水平间的关系

目的探讨泰安市城市社区居民高血压患病情况与血糖水平的联系,为高危人群确定干预措施提供科学依据。方法用整群抽样的方法,分别抽取泰安市泰山区岱西社区和后七社区内常住人口且年龄≥35岁的人群共1 942人作为流行病学调查对象,进行问卷调查和体格检查(检测血糖和血压)。利用专用数据统计软件对调查资料进行整理分析和统计学处理。结果血糖正常、血糖异常、糖尿病与这三个级别相对应的血压水平及高血压患病率之间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论泰安市城市社区居民高血压患病率可能与血糖水平无关,高血压与糖尿病之间易患危险因素相近,不良生活方式的影响相互交叉、相互作用,对制定社区居民高血压和糖尿病健康教育干预措施有相互借鉴意义。     

Health outcomes associated with participating in community care centres for older people in Taiwan

Community care centres (CCCs) are widespread across Taiwan and have provided health promotion and social activities for older people in communities since 1995. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of the delivery and management of CCCs for older people, and to explore the effects of individual factors and the organisational factors on the health‐related outcome of older people's participation in CCCs. The sample was taken from participants at CCCs in Taichung, Taiwan. Twenty‐five CCCs participated in the study. The managers and the elderly participants of CCCs underwent face‐to‐face interviews. In total, 417 elderly participants and 25 chiefs completed the face‐to‐face interviews. The participants reported that self‐reported health, sleep quality, memory, family relationships, care for health, and health literacy improved after they participated in the programme. There were no consistent organisational factors related to the outcomes. However, management style was related to sleep quality improvement and staffing getting paid was related to family relationship improvement. Policy recommendations are provided.     

老年人空腹血糖受损不同诊断标准比较

目的采用1997年及2003年美国糖尿病协会(ADA)标准诊断社区老年人空腹血糖受损(IFG)情况,并随访其对转归的影响。方法2004年,对贵州省贵阳市城区1 645名老年人进行调查,2008年随访2004年空腹血糖正常(normal fasting glucose,NFG)人群IFG的发病情况、IFG转化为糖尿病(DM)情况、IFG患者心血管疾病的发病情况。结果基线人群按2003年ADA标准诊断IFG患病率为22%,按1997年ADA标准诊断IFG患病率为11%,1997年ADA诊断IFG患者高血压与冠心病的患病率高于2003年ADA的标准。2008年随访人群中,2003年ADA标准IFG的发病率为7.3%,1997年ADA标准为3.6%;2种标准诊断为IFG转归构成情况差异有统计学意义。结论IFG对DM的预测有重要作用。不同的标准诊断IFG的患病率不同,4年随访并未显示出其对老年人发生糖尿病、高血压、冠心病不同的预测作用。     

Drawing the line: the boundaries of volunteering in the community care of older people

Volunteers can play important roles in the provision of support and care to frail or confused older people living in their own homes. There are conflicting expectations as to what these roles should be since there are unclear boundaries with those of paid care and with informal care. The present article explores some of these boundaries, drawing on material from a study of 14 volunteer schemes in England. The aim of the research was to explore the roles played by volunteers in the overall care division of labour. The main method used was that of semistructured interviews with organizers and volunteer coordinators of the schemes involved. The findings presented here relate to the limitations on the type of cases taken on, and to the boundaries with professional care, paid manual work and informal care. It concludes that the ways in which these boundaries are established and maintained depends not only on legal and policy constraints at the level of the state, but also on negotiation between organizations and individuals at a local level. The issues raised are of importance not only to research in the area, but to anyone planning similar schemes in the future.     

Causes of homelessness among older people in Melbourne, Australia

OBJECTIVE: A comparative study of the causes of new episodes of homelessness among people aged 50 years and over has been undertaken in Australia, the United States and England. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect information on the circumstances and problems that contributed to homelessness. METHODS: This paper presents the findings from Australia, where information was obtained from 125 older homeless people (aged 50+ years) and their key workers in Melbourne. All three participating nations followed identical research methodologies. RESULTS: The factors most frequently reported by respondents as contributing to their homelessness were problems with people with whom they lived, followed by physical and mental ill-health and problems associated with the housing itself. The most frequently reported factors by case workers were problems with alcohol, followed by physical and mental health factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant under-utilisation of housing and support services among recently homeless older people and provides evidence that people who had previously been homeless appear to be more resigned to their homelessness than do those who had not experienced homelessness before. Significant issues relating to depression and gambling were also noted. The findings support the need for more targeted, specialised services to be developed or improved such that older homeless people can readily gain access to them and for improved collaboration or information exchange among housing providers and welfare agencies.     

Frail bodies, courageous voices: older people influencing community care

Involving frail older users of health and social care services in decision making presents particular challenges for those committed to hearing the voices of service users. Age Concern Scotland initiated a project in Fife, the User Panels project, intended to enable older people who were unable to leave their homes without assistance to meet together to develop a collective voice expressing the needs and experiences of older service users. This paper reports on an evaluation of that project. It considers methodological questions posed by the evaluation of projects which aim to empower users, as well as discussing key findings from the evaluation. Older people were recruited through contacts in service agencies and other local organizations. The largest group was aged between 86 and 90 years and all were experiencing difficulties relating to poor health, physical frailty or disability. The project was based on a belief in the value of meeting together as a means through which people could develop the confidence to express their views. Those who became members of the panels valued this experience and reported intrinsic benefits related to the social contact, opportunities for learning and development of self-esteem. Evidence concerning enhanced capacity to exercise control over key aspects of their lives was less convincing. The work of the panels was generally well received by local social work and health agencies and had influenced local action in some areas. Responses to some issues raised by the panels generated a less positive response and the article considers reasons for this. The model is considered to demonstrate benefits both for the older people who become involved and for officials seeking to improve the sensitivity of services to the needs of older people.     

The experiences of neighbour,volunteer and professional support‐givers in supporting community dwelling older people

Public policy increasingly emphasises the importance of informal support networks to meet the needs of the ageing population. Evidence for the types of support neighbours provide to older people and how neighbours collaborate with formal support‐givers is currently insufficient. Our study therefore explored (i) types of informal neighbour support and (ii) experiences of neighbours, volunteers and professionals providing support. Interviews with nine Dutch neighbour support‐givers, five volunteers and 12 professionals were conducted and subjected to latent content analysis. Findings indicate that commitment occurred naturally among neighbours; along with providing instrumental and emotional support, neighbour support seems to be a matter of carefully ‘watching over each other’. Neighbour support‐givers, however, are often frail themselves and become overburdened; they furthermore lack support from professionals. Neighbour, volunteer and professional support‐givers seem to operate in distinct, non‐collaborative spheres. Findings suggest that policy‐makers should consider the opportunities and limitations of neighbour and volunteer support. Professionals have an indispensable role in providing back‐up and accountable, specialised support. They may be trained to adopt a visible and proactive attitude in neighbourhoods to facilitate, cooperate with and mediate between neighbour and volunteer support‐givers.     

The symbolic representation of community in social isolation and loneliness among older people: Insights for intervention from a rural Irish case study

Social isolation and loneliness are common experiences of ageing in rural communities. Policy responses and interventions for social isolation and loneliness in later life are shaped by sociocultural understandings of place, relationships and social interaction. This study examined how representations of rural community in Ireland influenced the focus, relationships and activities within a befriending intervention designed to tackle social isolation and loneliness. Through a qualitative case study conducted in 2014, the symbolic meaning of the intervention was explored using interviews and focus groups with participants (8 befriended, 11 befrienders and 3 community workers) from one befriending programme in rural Ireland. Reflected in the programme was a representation of a rural community in decline with concern for the impact on older people. There was a valuing of the traditional community defined by geographical place, perceptions of similarity among its members, and values of solidarity and mutual support. The befriending intervention represented a commitment to intra‐community solidarity and a desire by many for authentic befriending relationships that mirrored understandings of relationships within the traditional community. Identifying and alleviating social isolation and loneliness imply a set of normative values about community and the optimal social relationships within community. This paper proposes that there is a need to consider the role played by understandings of community in shaping context‐sensitive interventions to counter social isolation and loneliness in later life.     

Evaluating the impact of integrated health and social care teams on older people living in the community

Although it is perceived wisdom that joint working must be beneficial, there is, even at this stage, little evidence to support that notion. The present study is an evaluation of two integrated co-located health and social care teams which were established in a rural county to meet the needs of older people and their carers. This study does identify that patients from the 'integrated teams' may self-refer more and are assessed more quickly. This might indicate that the 'one-stop shop' approach is having an impact on the process of service delivery. The findings also suggest that, in the integrated teams, the initial stages of the process of seeking help and being assessed for a service may have improved through better communication, understanding and exchange of information amongst different professional groups. However, the degree of 'integration' seen within these co-located health and social care teams does not appear to be sufficiently well developed to have had an impact upon the clinical outcomes for the patients/service users. It appears unlikely from the available evidence that measures such as co-location go far enough to produce changes in outcomes for older people. If the Department of Health wishes to see benefits in process progress to benefits to service users, then more major structural changes will be required. The process of changing organisational structures can be enhanced where there is evidence that such changes will produce better outcomes. At present, this evidence does not exist, although the present study does suggest that benefits might be forthcoming if greater integration can be achieved. Nevertheless, until the social services and National Health Service trusts develop more efficient and compatible information systems, it will be impossible to evaluate what impact any further steps towards integration might have on older people without significant external resources.