氩氦靶向冷冻术在中晚期肝癌综合治疗中的应用

目的 探讨氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效。方法 应用美国恩多凯尔公司生产的氩氦超导手术系统(Endocare Cryocare System,氩氦刀)对80例中晚期肝癌分别采用B超或CT引导经皮穿刺氩氦靶向冷冻切除术，术中直视下B超引导氩氦刀冷冻加手术切除术，氩氦刀联合肝动脉介入栓塞化疗术(TACE)，氩氦刀联合瘤内无水酒精注射术。结果 全组无手术死亡及严重并发症，冷冻术后CT影像学上改变CT值明显降低，肿块逐渐缩小，65．0％病人AFP值显著下降，临床症状改善，损伤小、并发症少、恢复快。结论 氩氦靶向冷冻综合治疗肝癌疗效明确，对正常肝组织损伤少，并可产生肿瘤免疫抗体，能弥补单用TACE及瘤内注射无水酒精治疗的不足，具有安全、有效、微创，为目前中晚期肝癌治疗提供一种有效的疗法。     

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目的探讨经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌的有效性及安全性。方法从2006年6月至2007年6月,广东省佛山市第一人民医院在超声引导下采用Cryo-Hit氩氦刀1.47mm细刀头对26例原发性肝癌、15例复发性肝癌和13例转移性肝癌总共105个瘤灶(直径0.8~12.0cm)经皮靶向冷冻治疗。每3~6个月复查血清肿瘤标记物、B超、CT或MR评价瘤灶坏死情况,采用Kaplan-Meier统计分析存活率。结果原发性肝癌组、复发性肝癌组以及转移性肝癌组术后1年累积存活率分别为81.82%、46.22%和80.21%。术后复查B超、CT或MR均提示瘤灶不同程度的缩小甚至消失,对于直径<3cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达96.2%,直径3~5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达90.6%,直径>5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达28.6%。无出血、胆漏等严重并发症发生。结论超声引导经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌是继射频、微波之后又一安全、有效的经皮局部消融治疗新方法,其远期疗效还有待长期随访观察。     

经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌56例临床分析

目的　探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床意义。方法　 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年6月 5 6例肝脏恶性肿瘤在B型超声引导下行经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗。术后患者定期复查血清肿瘤标记物、B型超声检查及CT或MRI。结果　患者肝功能ChildA级 5 0例 ,ChildB级 5例 ,ChildC级 1例。原发性肝癌 4 6例 ,转移性肝癌 10例。小肝癌 (直径≤ 5cm)甲胎蛋白阳性者治疗后转阴占80 % ,甲胎蛋白阴性者治疗后CT或MRI复查病灶完全坏死达 6 1.5 %。转移性肝癌治疗后瘤标降至正常或CT、MRI提示病灶完全坏死者占 6 0 %。结论　氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是一种微创、安全、疗效可靠的新方法。对于不适宜行手术治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者是一种有效的微创外科治疗方法。     

经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤(附34例临床报告)

目的　探讨氩氦刀冷冻毁损联合肝动脉栓塞化疗 (TACE)介入治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的适应证、疗效及临床意义。方法　 2 0 0 1年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 6月 34例肝脏恶性肿瘤病人先行TACE治疗 ,术后 7～ 4 5d后在B超或B超CT联合引导下行经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻毁损治疗肝脏肿瘤术。术后病人定期复查血清肿瘤标记物、B超检查及CT或MRI扫描。结果　病人肝功能ChildA级 32例 ,ChildB级 2例 ,ChildC级 0例。原发性肝癌 2 8例 ,转移性肝癌 6例。在随访期 (3～ 15个月 )内 ,4 1 1% (14 /34)的病人血清肿瘤标记物降至正常或 (和 )CT、MRI提示病灶完全坏死者。 4 4 1% (15 / 34)的病人血清肿瘤标记物明显下降或CT、MRI提示病灶明显缩小。结论　氩氦刀冷冻联合TACE治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是一种微创、安全、疗效可靠的新方法。对于不适宜行手术治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤病人是一种有效的综合治疗方法。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌（附388例病例分析）

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉插管化疗栓塞（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝癌的疗效及其影响因素.方法 自2000年8月至2008年4月,388例肝癌患者接受了氩氦刀治疗,平均年龄为（53.6±12.9）岁,超声引导经皮穿刺完成353例;CT引导经皮穿刺完成35例.氩氦刀后TACE治疗1次者77例;治疗2次者143例;治疗3次或3次以上者168例.结果 388例肝癌患者成功完成了氩氦刀治疗,完全消融者119例;部分消融者269例;生存率分析显示：氩氦刀＋TACE治疗的1、2、3和5年总生存率分别为70.4%、52.3%、23.5%和7.5%;对于肿瘤最大直径为3.0～5.0 cm、5.1～10 cm或〉10.0 cm的患者,3年生存率分别为36.9%、24.9%和3.2%;氩氦刀完全消融和部分消融的患者3年存活率分别为67.2%和4.1%.用COX回归作变量筛选,肿瘤大小、肝功能分级、有无肝硬化对其生存率具有较大影响,P〈0.05.结论 对于不能手术切除的肝癌,氩氦刀＋TACE是较理想的选择,治疗效果较好,安全性高.肿瘤大小、有无肝硬化、乙型肝炎表面抗原是否阳性以及肝功能状况对治疗效果有明显影响.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺冷冻消融治疗肺转移癌

目的 观察CT引导下经皮穿刺冷冻消融治疗肺转移癌的有效性及安全性。方法 对59例肺转移癌患者（80个转移灶）行CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,统计治疗有效率、疾病控制率、并发症及生存情况[局部肿瘤进展（LTP）时间、无进展生存期（PFS）及总生存期（OS）]。结果 共对59例80个肺转移癌成功完成75例次冷冻消融。冷冻消融治疗有效率为85.33%(64/75),疾病控制率为94.67%(71/75),治疗后1及2年的LTP率分别为49.08%及32.83%、无进展生存率分别为37.02%及19.37%、总生存率分别为58.14%及33.49%。72例次（72/75,96.00%）出现国际介入放射学学会（SIR）A～B级并发症,3例次（3/75,4.00%）出现SIR C级并发症,其中咳嗽（49/75,65.33%）、咯血（41/75,54.67%）及疼痛（19/75,25.33%）最为常见;未见SIR D～F级并发症。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肺转移癌较为有效且安全。     

超声引导经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌

目的:探讨经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌的有效性及安全性。方法:从2006年6月至2007年6月,广东省佛山市第一人民医院在超声引导下采用Cryo Hit氩氦刀147mm细刀头对26例原发性肝癌、15例复发性肝癌和13例转移性肝癌总共105个瘤灶（直径0.8～12.0cm）经皮靶向冷冻治疗。每3～6个月复查血清肿瘤标记物、B超、CT或MR评价瘤灶坏死情况,采用Kaplan Meier统计分析存活率。结果:原发性肝癌组、复发性肝癌组以及转移性肝癌组术后1年累积存活率分别为81.82%、46.22%和80.21%。术后复查B超、CT或MR均提示瘤灶不同程度的缩小甚至消失,对于直径<3cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达96.2%,直径3～5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达90.6%,直径＞5cm的肿瘤完全坏死率达28.6%。无出血、胆漏等严重并发症发生。结论:超声引导经皮细刀头氩氦刀靶向冷冻治疗肝癌是继射频、微波之后又一安全、有效的经皮局部消融治疗新方法,其远期疗效还有待长期随访观察。     

CT-Pinpoint定位系统导引下氩氦刀治疗体部肿瘤

目的探讨CT-Pinpoint定位系统导引下氩氦刀治疗体部肿瘤的可行性、安全性及疗效评价。方法 47例经病理证实的体部肿瘤(58处病灶)在CT-Pinpoint定位系统导引下经皮行氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,术后计算冰球覆盖率。结果36.21%(21/58)、48.28%(28/58)、15.52%(9/58)的病灶冰球覆盖率分别为90.0%、80.1%~90.0%、≤80.0%;所有病灶穿刺准确率为100%,首次进针准确率为96.30%(130/135);并发症发生率14.89%(7/47):其中气胸3例,肺出血2例,尿失禁1例,皮肤冻伤1例。结论 CT-Pinpoint定位系统引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融体部肿瘤安全有效,具有较高临床应用价值。     

支气管动脉化疗栓塞联合氩氦刀 治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的探讨支气管动脉化疗栓塞术（BACE）联合氩氦刀治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的可行性、安全性及并发症。方法收集2008年6月—2009年9月原发性NSCLC患者22例,均于BACE后3～7天接受CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗。结果22例NSCLC患者中,13例病灶完全坏死,9例部分坏死。无一例发生严重并发症。结论BACE联合氩氦刀治疗NSCLC安全、有效、可行,值得临床推广。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融术在姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的5例术后复发的韧带样纤维瘤患者,采用CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术进行治疗。对比术前及术后肿瘤大小、密度、强化方式、临床症状及血液学指标的变化,分析术后并发症的发生情况。结果 5例患者均顺利完成消融治疗。其中2例患者分别行3次及4次消融治疗,术后CT增强扫描示消融区明显液化坏死,边界清晰;残余肿瘤可见不同程度强化,术后12个月复查,5例患者肿瘤缓解率为80%(4/5);临床症状均有不同程度好转;术后并发症主要为疼痛、发热、软组织肿胀、排尿不畅、会阴部麻木等,1例患者出现皮肤冻伤;术后患者血液学指标急性期升高。结论 CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术具有创伤小、能有效降低瘤负荷、缓解临床症状等特点,可作为姑息治疗术后复发韧带样纤维瘤的一种有效方法。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌

目的观察氩氦刀治疗5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤的疗效。方法收集5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤患者31例,共39个病灶。所有患者均于CT或超声等影像引导下接受氩氦刀治疗。结果肿瘤消融范围为90%100%,完全消融病灶占69.23%（27/39）。1年和2年存活率分别为90.32%（28/31）、61.29%（19/31）。31例患者均无出血等严重并发症,术中寒战4例（12.90%）;肝区疼痛6例（19.36%）,重度疼痛1例,体表皮肤温度触冰感,CT扫描无出血迹象,生命体征稳定,给予强痛定止痛,效果差,术后2 h疼痛缓解,其余疼痛患者均为中、轻度疼痛,未予处置;术后发热7例（22.58%）,体温37.1238.25℃;无血管、胆管损伤病例;冷冻术后患者的精神状态得到改善,腹部疼痛症状减轻,恢复较快。结论对于不能手术切除的小肝癌和肝转移瘤,氩氦刀消融治疗安全性高、疗效可靠。     

CT导引下氩氦冷冻消融治疗少血供型肝癌

目的探讨CT引导下氩氦冷冻消融治疗少血供型肝癌的疗效。方法选择通过3期CT增强扫描并经穿刺活检病理证实的少血供型肝癌56例,行CT导引下氩氦冷冻治疗。结果 56例少血供肝癌患者治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月甲胎蛋白下降率依次是100%(56/56)、100%(56/56)、89.29%(50/56)、80.36%(45/56),治疗有效率分别100%(56/56)、96.43%(54/56)、87.50%(49/56)、80.36%(45/56),生存率分别为100%(56/56)、100%(56/56)、92.86%(52/56)、89.29%(50/56)。结论 CT引导下氩氦冷冻消融治疗少血供型肝癌,定位准确、疗效可靠,是提高治疗局部控制率和生存率的有效方法。     

CT评价单纯氩氦刀冷冻术联合放疗粒子治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的探讨CT评价单纯氩氦刀冷冻术及联合^125I粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）疗效的价值。方法应用单纯氩氦刀冷冻术（A组,22例）及氩氦刀冷冻术联合^125I粒子植入（B组,20例）治疗NSCLC患者共42例。以胸部CT扫描动态观察治疗前、后病灶的变化,包括治疗时的冰球覆盖率、治疗后肿瘤的大小、密度并进行临床疗效评价。结果42例均置刀成功。CT显示两组低密度冰球的平均覆盖率均大于80％。两组中直径3～5cm与〉5cm病灶的疗效差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。A、B组在术后1、3、6、12个月有效率分别为63．64％（14／22）和65．00％（13／20）、72．73％（16／22）和75．00%（15／20）、54．55％（12／22）和85．00％（17／20）、59．09％（13／22）和80．00％（16／20）。结论氩氦刀冷冻术能有效治疗失去手术机会的NSCLC;联合^125I粒子植入能有效地控制残余肿瘤,进一步提高有效率;CT可准确定位、追踪复查评价治疗效果。     

PET/CT对氩氦刀靶向治疗肿瘤策略的影响

目的评价全身18F-FDG PET/CT在氩氦刀靶向治疗中的价值。方法回顾100例肿瘤患者冷冻治疗前目标病灶CT检查、全身PET/CT检查。结果根据PET/CT和CT结果,100例患者中,肺内病灶53例,肝内病灶22例,盆腔病灶11例;23例临床分期改变,17例治疗计划改变。12例肺内病灶（12/53,22.64%）、3例肝内病灶（3/22,13.64%）、2例盆腔病灶（2/11,18.18%）治疗计划改变。结论全身PET/CT可提供更多有效的信息,对制定氩氦刀冷冻治疗策略有显著指导意义。     

Rationale for the combination of cryoablation with surgical resection of hepatic tumors

Only 5% to 10% of metastatic and primary liver tumors are amenable to surgical resection. Hepatic cryoablation has increased the number of patients who are suitable for curative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and intrahepatic recurrence in patients treated with cryoablation and resection. From June 1994 to July 1999, thirty-eight surgically unresectable patients underwent a total of 42 cryoablative procedures for 65 malignant hepatic lesions. Twenty patients underwent cryoablation alone, and 18 patients were treated with a combination of resection and cryoablation, with a minimum of 18 months’ follow-up. The 38 patients had the following malignancies: primary hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 8) and metastases from colorectal cancer (n = 21), neuroendocrine tumors (n = 3), ovarian cancer (n = 3), leiomyosarcoma (n = 1), testicular cancer (n = 1), and endometrial cancer (n = 1). Patients were evaluated preoperatively with spiral CT scans and intraoperatively with ultrasound examinations for lesion location and cryoprobe guidance. Local recurrence was detected by CT. Major complications included bleeding in three patients and acute renal failure, transient liver insufficiency, and postoperative pneumonia in one patient each. Two patients (5%) died during the early postoperative interval; mean hospital stay was 7.1 days. Median follow-up was 28 months (range 18 to 51 months). Overall survival according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 82%, 65%, and 54% at 12, 24, and 48 months, respectively. Forty-eight-month survival was not significantly different between those patients undergoing cryoablation alone (64%) and those treated with a combination of resection and cryoablation (42 %). Diseasefree survival at 45 months was 36% for patients undergoing cryoablation plus resection compared to 25% for those undergoing cryoablation alone. Local recurrences were detected at five cryosurgical sites, for a rate of 12% overall (5 of 42), 11% (2 of 18) for patients in the cryoablation plus resection group, and 12% (3 of 24) for those in the cryoablation alone group. For patients with colorectal metastases, survival was 70% at 30 months compared to 33% for hepatocellular cancer and 66% for other types of tumors. Patients with tumors larger than 5 cm or numbering more than three did not have significantly decreased survival. Cryoablation of hepatic tumors is a safe and effective treatment for some patients not amenable to resection. The combination of cryoablation and resection results in survival comparable to that achieved with cryoablation alone. Presented at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, Calif., May 21–24, 2000.     

CT引导下经皮冷热交替复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤近期效果及其安全性

目的 观察CT引导下复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的近期效果及其安全性。方法 回顾性分析45例接受CT引导下经皮冷热交替复合式冷冻消融（康博刀）治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,包括原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）20例、肝转移癌25例;共治疗50个病灶,对18例20个（16例1个病灶、2例2个）病灶行根治性消融,对27例30个（25例1个、1例2个、1例3个）病灶行姑息性消融,记录术中及术后不良反应。于术后1、3和6个月复查腹部增强CT或MR,参照改良实体瘤疗效评价标准（mRECIST）判断疗效。结果 45例均顺利完成消融治疗,其中37例采用单针、8例采用双针进行消融。6例术中及术后肝周少量积血或积液,1例术中局部皮肤轻度冻伤,术后8例轻度恶心,均自行或经对症处理后恢复。20个根治性消融病灶术后1个月均达完全缓解（CR）,术后3、6个月均为19个（19/20,95.00%） CR、1个（1/20,5.00）疾病进展（PD）;30个姑息性消融病灶术后1个月25个（25/30,83.33%）部分缓解（PR）、5个（5/30,16.67%）疾病稳定（SD）,术后3个月22个（22/30,73.33%） PR、7个（7/30,23.33%） SD、1个（1/30,3.33%） PD,术后6个月17个（17/30,56.67%） PR、7个（7/30,23.33%） SD、6个（6/30,20.00%） PD。结论 CT引导下复合式冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤近期疗效及安全性均较好。     

Realistic expectations for cryoablation of liver tumors

While cryoablation has been shown to be an effective method of destruction of primary and metastatic liver tumors, there is a disturbingly high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site and there are conflicting reports concerning long-term survival. For this reason, resection remains the preferred surgical treatment of liver tumors. However, there is a population of patients who, because of age, pre-existing liver disease, or likely systemic dissemination, present a higher risk for major resection, and for whom cryoablation may be favored. This study examined the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in patients thought to be at higher risk for conventional hepatic resection, or in whom resection would not eradicate all known disease. Twenty-eight consecutive patients underwent cryoablation, with or without resection, of 39 hepatic tumors for primary (n = 9) or metastatic (n = 19) disease. Their postoperative course and long-term follow-up were examined for complications, survivability, and recurrence of disease. With the use of cryoablation, a major hepatic resection was avoided in 20 patients, 11 of whom were 70 years or older, 4 who likely had disseminated cancer even though the liver was the only site of detectable disease, 2 who were cirrhotic, and 2 with bilobar disease. An additional 7 patients had recurrence of disease in a previously resected liver, for whom additional resection would be hazardous. There was one operative death from an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Seven patients developed complications, including 2 patients with cryoablation-induced coagulopathy. Excluding 2 patients (including the postoperative death) the average hospital length of stay was 6.7 ± 2.8 days. Seven patients required some intensive care unit (ICU) care. Three patients with primary liver cancer are alive 29 to 47 months after cryoablation. Two patients with metastatic disease are alive without recurrence at 12 and 16 months, and 9 are alive with disease from 13 to 58 months after cryoablation. Fifteen patients developed liver recurrence, 5/27 (19%) at the cryoablated site. Cryoablation appears to be a safe treatment modality for primary and metastatic liver cancer. It is particularly appealing in those patients who may be at higher risk for major hepatectomy because of age, pre-existing liver disease, type of metastatic disease, previous resection, or bilobar tumors. Most disturbing is the high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site, which may reflect problems with ultrasound localization or proximity of tumors to major vasculature. Disease-free survival is low. From this standpoint the procedure should be considered palliative, even though all hepatic tumors can be eradicated. However, these limitations should not deter the use of cryoablation in selected patients. There is the potential for long-term survival, just as there is with resection. Received: February 23, 2000 / Accepted: August 8, 2000     

Focal prostate cryoablation: initial results show cancer control and potency preservation

BACKGROUND: Focal prostate cryoablation is the less-than-complete ablation of the gland with ice. Known tumor is ablated aggressively, whereas contralateral prostate tissue and surrounding structures are spared. This method offers targeted local cancer control aiming at sexual potency and urinary continence preservation in patients whose prostate cancer is believed to be unilateral. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who had a strong desire for preservation of sexual function and continence were informed of focal prostate cryoablation as an investigational treatment option for clinically organ-confined, unilateral tumor identified by color Doppler ultrasonography and confirmed by targeted and systematic biopsy. Only stage, not preoperative serum prostate specific antigen concentration (PSA) or tumor differentiation, was considered a potential contraindication. Thirty-one men with a mean age of 63 years underwent the procedure. Follow-up consisted of PSA measurement every 3 months for 1 year and every 6 months thereafter, with biopsies at 6 months and 1, 2, and 5 years and following any three consecutive PSA rises. Potency was determined with a patient questionnaire filled in without the physician present. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 70 months, biochemical disease-free status, according to the ASTRO definition, was maintained by 92.8% of patients (26/28) and a 96.0% negative-biopsy rate (24/25) was observed. The one biopsy-positive patient was subsequently treated with full-gland cryoablation and remains disease free. Potency was maintained by 48.1% of patients (13/27) and another 40.7% (11/27) were potent with oral pharmaceutical assistance, yielding a total potency-preservation rate of 88.9%. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Focal cryoablation can provide biochemical and local control of prostate cancer while preserving potency and continence. Further investigation is needed.