经皮球囊瓣膜成形术治疗先天性主动脉瓣狭窄

为研究评价先天性主动脉瓣狭窄 (AS)球囊瓣膜成形术 (PBAV)的效果。方法　于 1986年 12月 - 1999年 8月应用PBAV术治疗了 2 7例AS病人 ,年龄 2 .5- 12岁 (平均 6 .0 9± 2 .2 6岁 )。PBAV术球 瓣比值 :发育良好型者 (19例 )为 0 .95± 0 .0 8;发育不良型 (8例 )则为 1.0 0± 0 .11。术前后测定左室和升主动脉压力及跨主动脉瓣压力阶差 (ΔP)。出院后多普勒超声心动图随访以监测跨主动脉瓣ΔP。结果　发育良好型者 15例 (占 78.9% )即刻效果良好 ,随访中有 4例 (2 6 .7% )ΔP回复至 50mmHg以上 ;发育不良型 4例 (占 50 % )效果良好 ,其中随访中有 3例回升 (占 75.0 % )。 2 7例PBAV后无一例有轻度以上主动脉瓣返流及其它并发症结论　PBAV术是一种对AS有效、安全的替代外科瓣膜切开的介入性治疗方法 ,而且发育良好型AS较发育不良型效果好     

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the treatment of congenital valvu lar aortic stenosis in children

Objective To assess the effect of the balloon valvuloplasty for congenital valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in children.Methods A total of 27 (mean age 6.09 years) children with AS accepted the treatment of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (PBAV).The ratios of balloon/valve were 0.95±0.08 for 19 cases of typical AS and 1.00±0.11 for 8 cases of hyp oplastic AS.The patients were evaluated by the gradients across aotic valves i n pre- and post-PBAV and by echocardiogram during the follow-up period.Results Fifteen of 19 （78.9%）cases of typical AS had a better outcome and the gradien t of the remaining 4 cases (26.7%) had increased after follow-up (ΔP>50 mm Hg).Four of 8 (50.0%) cases of hypoplastic AS had satisfactory responses and the gradient of the remaining 3 cases (75.0%) rose.There was no moderate to s evere aortic insufficiency (AI). Conclusion The balloon aortic valvuloplasty provides safe and significant hemodynamic and c linical improvement in pediatric patients.The outcome of PBAV for typical AS is better than for hypoplastic AS.     

先天性主动脉瓣脱垂的主动脉瓣成形术

目的使用主动脉瓣成形术(AVP)治疗先天性主动脉瓣脱垂的手术经验并对中期结果作出评价。方法该组患者男7例,女3例;年龄14～28岁,平均21.5岁。术前心功能NYHAⅠ级2例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级1例。超声心动图检查主动脉瓣返流重度6例,中度3例,轻度1例,平均左心室舒张末径(57.4±11)mm,EF平均(56.5±10.5)%。10例患者中单纯主动脉瓣返流者5例,其他伴有VSD、SBE、主动脉瓣下狭窄等。病理:瓣叶脱垂、瓣叶畸形等。手术方法有瓣叶交界处缝合及瓣叶折叠和悬吊。结果术后无早期死亡,术后心包积液1例。所有出院患者随诊8.0~26.4个月,平均1.5a。术后6个月时心功能NYHAⅠ级7例,Ⅱ级3例;超声心动图示左室舒张末径平均(52.5±8.5)mm、EF平均(58.5±8.5)%,仍存在主动脉瓣轻度返流2例。结论先天性主动脉瓣脱垂的病人使用主动脉瓣成形术(AVP)是一种较好的选择,并具有许多优点,且中期结果良好,但远期结果仍不清楚。     

经皮球囊扩张成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄

自1988年2月至7月,我们对8例先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者(1例用双球囊)施行了球囊扩张成形术。肺动脉瓣口由术前的平均8.4扩张至术后的16.4mm,右室至肺动脉收缩压阶差由112.4降至49.4mmHg,右室收缩感由127.8降至68.7mmHg,心排血指数由3.2增至5.1L/min/m~2。患者术后次日下床,4～5天出院,安全可靠,疗效甚佳。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的临床研究

目的　总结我院经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的结果和经验。方法　采用经皮球囊瓣膜成形术治疗 4 5例先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者。结果　术前肺动脉跨瓣压力阶差 (△ P) 5 1.3± 2 4 .2 mm Hg,球 /瓣比为 1.3 5± 0 .17( 1.12～ 1.75 )。术后即刻效果良好 ,95 .6%的病例△ P<2 5 mm Hg。经 2～ 3 0月随访无再狭窄 ,未发生明显并发症。结论　经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术为简便、有效、安全、价廉的肺动脉瓣狭窄首选治疗方法     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的　观察先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄经皮球囊扩张成形术 (PBPV)即刻疗效、安全性。方法　对我院开展的PBPV 6例青少年肺动脉瓣狭窄进行分析。结果　 6例治疗均获得成功 ,右室收缩压由术前 9 82kPa± 1 57kPa降为术后4 84kPa± 0 83kPa。肺动脉收缩压由术前 2 58kPa± 0 85kPa升为术后 3 98kPa± 1 0 6kPa。右室肺动脉跨瓣压差由术前 6 82kPa± 1 53kPa降为术后 1 0 9kPa± 0 84kPa。并且术后体检杂音均明显减弱 ,未发现明显并发症。结论　PBPV手术成功率高、并发症少、安全有效 ,可作为先天性圆顶样肺动脉瓣狭窄首选治疗方法     

Inoperable aortic stenosis in the elderly: benefit from percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty

Eight patients with severe symptomatic calcific aortic stenosis were considered to be unsuitable for valve replacement. Four were admitted with pulmonary oedema and three in cardiogenic shock and one had angina at rest. With the use of echocardiographic and radiographic guidance percutaneous transluminal aortic valvuloplasty was carried out. Aortic gradients were reduced by an average of 40%. All four patients who presented with cardiac failure improved immediately and remained well six months later. The patient with angina was symptom free at nine months. Two of the three patients who presented in cardiogenic shock improved immediately and were well nine and three months later. The other patient died four hours after the procedure. Doppler echocardiographic studies showed a slight initial increase in aortic incompetence, but this did not worsen and valvar gradients remained improved three and six months later. Percutaneous valvuloplasty of the aortic valve is an effective therapeutic option in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis who are unfit for surgery. Its role as an alternative to surgery has not been considered and should be investigated in a controlled clinical trial.     

二尖瓣闭式分离术后再狭窄的球囊成形术及远期疗效

本文对17例经皮穿刺二类瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)治疗二尖瓣闭式分离术后再狭窄者作了长期随诊观察。随诊时间15～54个月(平均31.6±14.6月)。术前、术后及随访时二尖瓣瓣口面积分别为1.11±0.23、1.86±0.21、1.76±0.38cm~2。随访时16例心功能持续改善,3例超声心动图检查二尖瓣口发生了再狭窄,1例心慌气短症状复发。研究结果表明,PBMV治疗二尖瓣闭式分离术后再狭窄安全有效,近期及远期疗效显著,可部分替代二尖瓣外科分离术。     

老年前期及老年患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术

目的： 报道应用经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗７０例老年前期及老年风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者的疗效。　方法：７０ 例患者中,男１８例,女５２ 例;３６ 例为单纯二尖瓣狭窄或二尖瓣狭窄伴轻度二尖瓣关闭不全或轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全,３４例伴有轻度二尖瓣叶钙化或瓣下结构的病变,均采用改良ｌｎｏｕｅ单球囊法行ＰＢＭＶ。　结果：７０例中６７例成功,失败３ 例,其中１例为术中急性心包填塞,２ 例术后出现中度二尖瓣关闭不全。术后即刻,左房压、肺动脉压下降,瓣口面积增加,心功能改善。４２例患者随访（５２．４±２４．５）个月,１例出现再狭窄,１ 例原因不明猝死,１ 例因二尖瓣反流行瓣膜置换术,其余患者心功能和生活质量明显改善。结论：只要患者条件适宜,技术操作适当,对年龄≥５０ 岁伴轻度二尖瓣或（和）主动脉瓣反流,瓣膜钙化或瓣下结构病变的二尖瓣狭窄患者,也可安全有效地施行球囊二尖瓣成形术。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术治疗小婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的 回顾性总结经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术(PBPV)在重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中的即刻治疗效果及6～32个月随访情况.方法 分析2006年6月至2008年8月复日.大学附属儿科医院行PBPV的18例6个月以内重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿.年龄8 d～6个月(86 ±63)d,其巾极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄11例,包括2例新生儿.12例采用全身麻醉,6例采用骶管加静脉复合麻醉.球囊直径为5～15 mm,其中6例患者应用2个球囊依次进行扩张,10例患者应用1个球囊扩张.结果 18例患儿中,2例因导管或球囊未能通过肺动脉瓣放弃扩张,余16例扩张成功,成功率88.9%.扩张后即刻导管测右心室与肺动脉收缩期压差自(87±24)mm Hg降至(30±19)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,P<0.01),扩张过程中或扩张后均无并发症发生.随访6～32个月,16例肺动脉跨瓣压差进一步降低或不变,2例逐渐升高,行第2次扩张,再扩张率12.5%;三尖瓣反流随访过程中均减轻共至消失;除1例为中度肺动脉瓣反流外,其余均为轻度;临床均无症状,生长发育良好.结论 经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张成形术在重度和极重度肺动脉瓣狭窄小婴儿中应用安全,效果好,并发症少,患儿痛苦小,应作为该类患儿首选治疗方法.     

二尖瓣关闭不全成形术

目的 总结评价我院近5年来行二尖瓣关闭不全成形术的方法和疗效.方法 2001年12月～2005年12月,我科共行二尖瓣关闭不全成形术36例,年龄2～77(29±14)岁.其中先天性12例,二尖瓣退行性变20例,缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全4例.二尖瓣成形的方法:二尖瓣裂修复12例,腱索折叠、转移12例,GORE-TEX人工腱索5例,瓣环环缩14例,部分病例综合应用了2种或2种以上的成形方法.结果 全组无死亡,术后随访3个月,无再次手术.术后超声心动图示:左心房内径平均值(32.6±6.4)mm,与术前相比(42.7±13.4)mm明显缩小,左心室内径平均值(32.6±6.7)mm与手术前面相比(38.3±7)mm明显缩小.术后仅有2例有轻到中度反流,16例微量反流,18例反流消失.结论 二件瓣关闭不全成形术应根据二尖瓣病变的特征进行选择,对非风湿性二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣成形术可取得满意的临床效果.手术的关键是医生对二尖瓣生理功能及解剖的全面认识,以及成形术前对病变的二尖瓣的全面探察和综合应用正确的成形方法.     

Percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair leads to a reduction in wound complications

Introduction

While endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has significantly reduced the morbidity associated with open surgery, efforts continue to minimise the surgical insult to the patient. We report our experience of percutaneous EVAR.

Patients and methods

Since June 2005, 17/20 EVARs (85%) have been attempted percutaneously by deployment of two Perclose^© devices into each femoral artery prior to passage of the device sheath. The sutures are left untied until the sheath is removed at the end of the procedure, when haemostasis is obtained. Patients were entered onto a prospectively maintained database and followed up at regular intervals in a dedicated EVAR clinic.

Results

Access and subsequent graft deployment was successful in all the 17 cases. The range of defects closed ranged from 12–24 Fr. Five patients (29%) required open groin exploration at the end of the procedure to achieve haemostasis. There was a significantly lower incidence of wound complications in the percutaneous EVAR group (6 vs. 10% open cutdown cases, P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test).

Conclusion

Percutaneous EVAR is both a feasible and safe method of performing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, which is associated with a reduction in wound complication rates.

     

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is now the technique of choice for patients requiring long-term enteral feeding. It is a good method for feeding patients with neurological dysphagia and can safely be kept in situ for long periods. PEG feeding requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving doctors, nurses, pharmacists, speech therapists, dieticians and carers. The insertion of a PEG, which requires two operators and two endoscopy nurses, is described in full. Feeding can commence after a few hours. Various types of feed and feed-ing patterns are described and their relative merits discussed. Although psychological problems may occur following PEG insertion, the procedure is usually well accepted by patients.