肝动脉介入热灌注化疗栓塞联合GT引导下射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤

[目的]探讨肝动脉介入热灌注化疗栓塞联合CT引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值。[方法]48例肝脏恶性肿瘤随机分为联合组（24例）和对照组（24例）,联合组采取肝动脉介入热灌注化疗栓塞联合RFA治疗,对照组仅行肝动脉介入热灌注化疗栓塞治疗。治疗后通过影像学及相关肿瘤标志物等进行疗效评价。[结果]联合组和对照组临床治疗有效率分别为70.8%和41.6%;两组患者甲胎蛋白（AFP）下降率和转阴率分别为66.7%、33.3%和30.7%、0。[结论]肝动脉介入热灌注化疗栓塞联合RFA是肝脏恶性肿瘤的一种有效治疗方法。     

华蟾素持续动脉灌注联合栓塞治疗原发性肝癌32例

[目的]观察华蟾素持续动脉灌注联合栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。[方法]64例原发性肝癌患者随机分成治疗组（32例）和对照组（32例）,治疗组采用经右股动脉穿刺并于大腿内侧皮下留置化疗泵内灌注华蟾素注射液并进行栓塞治疗;对照组仅采用常规右股动脉穿刺插管肝动脉化疗栓塞术。[结果]治疗组和对照组有效率分别为62.5%和61.3%（P〉0.05）。治疗后治疗组AFP下降率优于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]原发性肝癌患者使用华蟾素注射液持续动脉灌注联合栓塞治疗可以有效抑制肿瘤生展,延长生存期,且具有改善肝功能的作用。     

TACE联合射频消融在肝癌肝动静脉分流治疗中的临床应用

[目的]评价肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合冷循环射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌肝动静脉分流的疗效。[方法]伴有肝动静脉分流的原发性肝癌25例，行TACE联合RFA，术后1个月行CT及DSA检查。[结果]13例快速型肝动静脉分流仍然存在，5例中速型肝动静脉瘘分流量减少，7例慢速型肝动静脉瘘消失。[结论]TACE联合RFA治疗肝癌肝动静脉分流，对慢速型肝动静脉分流有治疗作用，对中速型分流有一定帮助，对快速型分流无治疗意义。     

三维适形放疗联合动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法随机将2008年11月至2011年11月住院治疗的130例原发性肝癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各65例。对照组患者行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,观察组患者在三维适形放疗后再行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效和药物不良反应情况。结果观察组患者总有效率（78．5％）明显高于对照组的（61．5％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而对照组和观察组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论三维适形放疗联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌疗效确切,安全高效,不良反应少。     

肿瘤坏死因子经肝动脉治疗原发性肝癌

目的：观察重组改构人肿瘤坏死因子（recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor,rmhTNF）经导管动脉内化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法：将临床确诊的60例原发性肝癌患者随机分为治疗组（n=30）和对照组（n=30）。治疗组先行常规肝动脉灌注化疗,然后将导管插至肝肿瘤供血动脉,将rmhTNF、化疗药分别和超液态碘油充分乳化后进行动脉内栓塞;对照组不加rmhTNF行常规TACE治疗,1个月后重复治疗。2个疗程后评价介入术后不良反应及临床近期疗效。结果：介入治疗后治疗组较对照组肿瘤明显缩小,临床近期疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。介入术后2组肝功能损伤差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但治疗组部分患者出现寒战。结论：TACE联合rmhTNF治疗原发性肝癌近期疗效良好,不良反应轻微,值得临床推广。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗62例中晚期原发性肝癌分析

[目的]探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗联合美国氩氦刀冷冻消融对中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果。[方法]62例巨块型肝癌患者，随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组：肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）30例：治疗组：TACE＋氩氦刀32例。观察两组治疗后完全坏死率、初次复发率、1年生存率、AFP转阴率及不良反应。[结果]对照组、治疗组完全坏死率分别为26．7％、65．6％，初次复发率为46．7％、12．5％，1年生存率为56．7％、84．4％，AFP转阴率为28．57％、59．1％，两组间完全坏死率、初次复发率、1年生存率、AFP转阴率的差异均有统计学意义。[结论]肝动脉栓塞化疗联合美国氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗中晚期原发性肝癌效果明显优于单纯肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗效果。     

大肝癌患者行 TACE 序贯射频消融的疗效及复发因素

目的：探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合序贯射频消融术（RFA）治疗大肝癌患者的疗效及复发因素。方法：选取我院2013年1月－2015年1月肿瘤外科中晚期原发性大肝癌患者110例并分为肝动脉化疗栓塞组（TACE 组）与肝动脉化疗栓塞联合序贯经皮射频消融术组（TACE ＋RFA 组）各55例,TACE 组患者行一次或多次单一肝动脉化疗治疗;TACE ＋RFA 组在肝动脉化疗治疗结束后1～2周再行序贯经皮射频消融术治疗。结果：TACE 组与 TACE ＋RFA 组总有效率分别为63．64％（35／55）、94．54％（52／55）。TACE ＋RFA 组1年生存率为72．7％（40／55）,2年生存率为20．0％（11／55）,而 TACE 组分别为56．36％（31／55）、7．27％（4／55）。Log －rank 检验结果显示肿瘤数量、分期、血清甲胎蛋白水平等为大肝癌患者预后的因素,与患者预后有一定关系。结论：经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性中晚期大肝癌可以有效提高患者生存率,延长患者的生存期。肿瘤数量、直径、分期等是影响患者复发的危险因素。     

体部γ刀配合介入化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

[目的]回顾性探讨体部γ刀配合肝动脉介入化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。[方法]自2002年3月至2003年12月收治原发性肝癌129例。56例体部γ刀配合肝动脉介入化疗栓塞治疗；73例单纯行体部γ刀治疗。[结果]治疗后3个月总的有效率为81.4%（105/129）；单纯γ刀治疗组病人的1年及2年生存率分别为61.6%、32.88%，平均生存期16.49个月，中位生存期16个月；γ刀配合介入治疗组病人的1年及2年生存率分别为69.6%、44.6%，平均生存期为19.04个月，中位生存期20.0个月。随访期内未见严重放射性并发症。[结论]采用体部γ刀配合肝动脉介入化疗栓塞治疗（TACE）对原发性肝癌进行治疗是疗效较好的局部治疗方式。     

TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的：探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合多电极射频治疗（RFA）中晚期原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法：237例单发肿瘤直径5～8cm的中晚期原发性肝癌患者分为单纯RFA组69例和TACE联合RFA组168例，RFA治疗后2周通过超声造影对两组治疗效果进行评估。结果：TACE联合RFA治疗的168例患者中超声造影显示91例（53％）始终无增强，呈边界清楚的低回声，诊断肿瘤完全灭活；77例表现为边缘部分区域的结节状、月牙状或不规则形增强区。而单纯RFA治疗的69例患者中超声造影显示23例（33％）肿瘤完全灭活。结论：TACE联合RFA治疗中晚期原发性肝癌比单纯RFA治疗的疗效更好。     

原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞合并LAK/IL-2灌注治疗的临床Ⅲ期观察

评价肝动脉化疗栓塞合并ＬＡＫ／ＩＬ┐２灌注治疗原发性肝癌的初步疗效。方法不能切除的肝癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞后灌注自体ＬＡＫ细胞及ＩＬ┐２，并与单独行肝动脉化疗栓塞的不能切除肝癌患者比较其肿瘤大小，生活质量的变化及毒副反应。结果经肝动脉化疗栓塞合并ＬＡＫ／ＩＬ┐２灌注治疗的２２例肝癌有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）为１３．６％，包括１例完全缓解和２例部分缓解，而单独化疗栓塞对照组１７例中仅１例显示部分缓解（有效率５．９％）。化疗栓塞＋ＬＡＫ／ＩＬ┐２治疗组与单独化疗栓塞对照组中ＭＲ、ＳＤ、ＰＤ分别为５、１２、１例和１、１１、４例。治疗组中大多数病人生活质量改善或稳定，而对照组中生活质量则无提高。两组病人的毒副反应均较轻而短暂。结论经肝动脉化疗栓塞合并ＬＡＫ／ＩＬ┐２灌注治疗原发性肝癌疗效较优于单独肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗，原发性肝癌更有效的综合治疗方案有待进一步探索     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.