不同载体材料改善难溶性药物乙烷硒啉溶出性能的实验研究

目的:改善水不溶性药物乙烷硒啉的溶出性能,以提高乙烷硒啉固体制剂的药物溶出度.方法:以聚维酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,简称PVP)、枸橼酸、酒石酸、羟丙基-β-环糊精(hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin,简称HP-β-CD)等辅料为载体材料,以溶剂溶解与分散法制备乙烷硒啉固体颗粒及其物理混合物,并进行体外溶出度试验.利用差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,简称DSC)和X-射线衍射法来验证药物的存在状态.结果:以PVP为载体材料所制固体颗粒的体外溶出行为显著优于其他载体材料,且载体材料的比例越大,药物溶出越快.结论:DSC和X-射线衍射图实验证明,PVP载体材料改变了乙烷硒啉的存在状态与亲水性,溶出性能得到显著改善.     

尼莫地平自微乳化颗粒的研制及质量评价

摘 要 目的:制备尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒,并对其进行质量评价。方法: 通过综合考察不同处方比例的成型率、重分散性及体外溶出度,筛选尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒的最佳处方,并对最佳处方的粒径、Zeta电位、溶出度进行考察,同时用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-衍射考察尼莫地平在制剂存在状态。结果:最佳处方为尼莫地平-油酸乙酯-Tween 80-PEG400-糊精-乳糖-甘露醇的质量比为0.03∶0.2∶0.55∶0.25∶1∶1∶2,其自微乳化后平均粒径(28.8±0.71) nm,30 min溶出度达80.7%。结论:尼莫地平固体自微乳化颗粒制备简单,质量稳定,可提高药物溶出度。     

复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂的制备及其性质考察

目的制备复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂,以期提高其主要成分(芦丁和氢氯噻嗪)溶出度及生物利用度。方法通过溶解度实验和绘制伪三元相图的方法进行自乳化处方的筛选,以载药量、载油量及粒径等为指标应用单纯形网格法优化处方;采用熔融法制备半固体胶囊并对该半固体胶囊进行稳定性影响因素考察及药物溶出度测定。结果复方自乳化半固体珍菊降压胶囊剂最优处方为泊洛沙姆188-油酸乙酯-聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚-聚乙二醇400(质量比28.6∶8.4∶44.1∶19.1),该制剂中主要成分芦丁和氢氯噻嗪载药量为128.8、57.7 mg.g-1;60℃、光照下含量明显下降;复方自乳化半固体胶囊剂和市售胶囊剂1 h药物溶出度分别为100%、48.1%。结论所制备的复方自乳化半固体胶囊剂具有载药量高、溶出度好的特点。     

4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基维甲酸酯自微乳胶囊的研制

目的制备4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基维甲酸酯固体自乳化制剂,以解决该药水溶性差的问题,提高药物胃中溶出度和口服生物利用度。方法通过伪三元相图法考察不同乳化剂、助乳化剂和油相形成微乳的能力和区域,制备自微乳。然后采用mix-ture design方法进行处方优化,并对其乳化后粒径、制剂综合评分和载药量进行考察。结果制备出的最佳处方(含HS1570%,PEG400 10%,油酸乙酯20%)自乳化后粒径在30 nm左右,体外溶出10 min即可溶出80%以上。结论该处方制备出的ATPR固体自微乳可用于提高其溶出速度。     

瑞格列奈固体分散体的制备及体外溶出

目的制备瑞格列奈的固体分散体,提高瑞格列奈的体外溶出度。方法以聚乙二醇6000(polyethylene glycol 6000,PEG6000)作为载体,采用溶剂-熔融法制备不同处方的瑞格列奈固体分散体,进行溶出度考查。采用红外光谱、差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)与X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对瑞格列奈固体分散体进行物相分析。结果与瑞格列奈原料和物理混合物相比,固体分散体可显著提高瑞格列奈的体外溶出度,物相鉴定表明,瑞格列奈大部分以无定形状态分散于PEG6000中,提高了药物的体外溶出度。结论制备瑞格列奈的PEG6000固体分散体能显著提高药物的体外溶出度,可满足速释制剂的要求。     

环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊的制备

目的考察环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊的处方。方法制备药物的饱和溶液用以测定药物在不同油相中的溶解度;采用伪三元相图法考察不同乳化剂形成微乳的能力和区域,绘制不同处方组成的相图;采用体外乳化实验筛选处方,并制备环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊。结果该胶囊中的乳化剂为Tween 80-聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油(质量比为1∶1),助乳化剂为聚乙二醇-8-甘油辛酸/葵酸脂(labrasol),油相为辛酸/癸酸三甘油酯,半固体载体为泊洛沙姆188-硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯(质量比为1∶1)。该处方所形成的微乳平均粒径为40 nm。结论按优化处方制得的环孢菌素A自乳化半固体骨架胶囊能够提高环孢菌素A在水中的溶出度。     

姜黄素二元载体固体分散体的制备及其评价

目的:将姜黄素制备成固体分散体以提高其溶出度。方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone K30,PVP K30)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(hydroxypropylmethyl, HPMC)为载体，采用溶剂蒸发法，制备姜黄素固体分散体。经正交试验设计，以溶出度为指标进行处方筛选，制备双载体固体分散体。利用差示扫描量热分析、显微扫描电镜、X射线粉末衍射、傅立叶红外变换光谱进行物相表征，同时考察制剂的稳定性。结果:应用正交试验设计方法确定最终制备处方工艺为：药物与双载体比例1∶6,PVP K30和HPMC的比例为4∶1,溶解搅拌时间3 h,旋蒸水浴温度60℃。物相表征结果表明药物以非结晶状态存在，制剂应保存在避光干燥的条件下。结论:以PVP K30和HPMC两种载体联用制备固体分散体，溶出度能达到80%,相比于原料药提升40%,能够显著提升姜黄素的溶出度。     

马来酸氟吡汀固体分散体的制备及体外溶出

目的:制备马来酸氟吡汀-PEG 6000固体分散体以加快药物的体外溶出速度。方法:以PEG 6000为药物载体,采用熔融法制备马来酸氟吡汀固体分散体,采用X-射线衍射法和差示扫描量热法(DSC)观察药物在载体中的存在状态。结果:马来酸氟吡汀以分子状态存在于固体分散体中;药物与载体的比例为1:4时,所制备的固体分散体具有最高的溶出度。结论:固体分散体能显著提高药物溶出度和溶出速率。     

基于壳聚寡糖的黄芩苷固体分散体的研究

目的将壳聚寡糖应用于黄芩苷的制备,以提高药物的体外溶出度。方法以壳聚寡糖为载体,采用喷雾干燥法制备黄芩苷固体分散体,对药物与载体不同比例制备的固体分散体的溶出行为进行了比较研究,并进行物相分析。结果黄芩苷和壳聚寡糖按1∶6比例制备的固体分散体在30 min时药物的体外累积溶出度为94.25%;经差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜法(SEM)和X-射线粉末衍射法(XRD)等分析,固体分散体中黄芩苷以非晶形态高度分散;傅里叶红外光谱扫描(IR)结果表明壳聚寡糖与黄芩苷之间存在相互作用。结论以壳聚寡糖为载体制备的固体分散体能显著改善黄芩苷的溶出度;壳聚寡糖作为一种新型固体分散体载体具有实际应用价值。     

基于液固压缩技术黄芩苷固体自微乳化释药系统的制备研究

目的:基于液固压缩技术制备黄芩苷固体自微乳化释药系统。方法:运用液固压缩技术,通过载体材料的筛选,体外溶出度的测定,筛选黄芩苷固体自微乳化释药系统的最佳处方。结果:以微晶纤维素为载体材料,溶出50%,仅需要6.4min,明显优于原料药和市售片。结论:运用液固压缩技术制备黄芩苷固体自乳化释药系统,方法简单,且可很好改善黄芩苷的溶出。     

喷雾干燥法固化黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的研究

目的：建立一种干燥的固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。方法：采用超声分散法制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的混悬液,然后采用喷雾干燥法将其制成干燥的、可再分散的固体脂质纳米粒。结果：在混悬液中黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒为球形粒子,平均粒径约为280 nm,喷雾干燥后得到的纳米粒仍为球型,分散后的粒径与喷干前相比有所增大,平均粒径约为720 nm,稳定性较好。结论：喷雾干燥法制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒是可行的。     

Preparation and solid-state characterization of bupivacaine hydrochloride cyclodextrin complexes aimed for buccal delivery

Binary products of bupivacaine hydrochloride (BVP HCl), an amide type local anesthetic, with parent β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its soluble β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin polymer (EPI-β-CD) were prepared and evaluated as a first phase in the development of a novel mucoadhesive formulation aimed for buccal delivery of this drug. The solid products were obtained by physical mixing, ball milling in high-energy mills, co-evaporation and lyophilisation, in order to rationally select the most effective preparation technique. The solid products obtained were carefully characterised by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The impact of the preparation techniques on the physicochemical properties of plain drug was also studied. Results of solid-state analysis revealed more intense interactions of BVP HCl with EPI-β-CD than with native β-CD, accompanied by stronger reduction of drug crystallinity in the samples, probably favoured by the amorphous nature of the polymeric carrier. While summarising the results of DSC and XRPD analyses, it seems that ball milling of drug/cyclodextrin binary mixtures was particularly efficient in inducing solid-state interaction between the components and it can be considered as the method of choice for preparation of complexes of BVP HCl with β-CD and EPI-β-CD. In vitro dissolution properties in artificial saliva of ball-milled BVP HCl and corresponding CD complexes were investigated by simulating the conditions present at the surface of the buccal mucosa. The obtained results confirmed that complexation of BVP HCl with β-CD and EPI-β-CD is a suitable tool for properly tailoring the dissolution properties of the drug and it can be favourably exploited for the development of an effective buccal drug delivery system.     

淫羊藿提取物自乳化软胶囊的制备工艺研究

目的:优选淫羊藿提取物自乳化软胶囊的处方及制备工艺。方法:根据溶解度试验和伪三元相图确定最佳处方,通过稳定性试验、溶出度试验以及粒径的测定对淫羊藿提取物自乳化软胶囊进行评价。结果:该自乳化软胶囊中的油相、乳化剂和自乳化剂分别为油酸乙酯、吐温80和乙二醇单乙基醚,其最佳处方比例为淫羊藿提取物-油酸乙酯-吐温80-乙二醇单乙基醚(10:33.75:45:11.25)。结论:所选处方合理,制得的自乳化软胶囊较普通软胶囊溶出度高,可为进一步提高淫羊藿提取物的口服生物利用度奠定基础。     

黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒并考察其性质。方法采用正交实验法优化黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方,并测定黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒径、ζ电位、包封率、稳定性和累积释放百分率。结果黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方组合为：单硬脂酸甘油酯用量为2.0%,黄豆苷元用量为2.0 mg.mL-1,豆磷脂的用量为0.4%,Pluronic F68的用量为1.2%。所制得的纳米粒包封率为84.7%、平均粒径为170 nm、ζ电位为-35.8 mV、72 h累积释放百分率为90.3%。结论新制黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒度分布范围窄,包封率较高,稳定性良好。     

PVP K30对葛根黄豆苷元增溶的研究

研究了葛根黄豆苷元(1)在不同温度、不同浓度的PVP K30—磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶解度，1溶解度随辅料浓度的增大而明显增大。溶解度数据经热力学方法处理，表明这是个自发过程。采用溶剂法，以PVP K30为载体制备1固体分散体，考察固体分散体中1的溶解度和溶出度。与其本身相比，固体分散体中1溶解度显著提高，溶出速度明显增大。     

葛根黄豆甙元固体分散物生物利用度的研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法建立了血浆中黄豆甙元的含量测定方法,研究了黄豆甙元及其固体分散物在人体内的生物利用度并求得药物动力学有关参数。结果表明黄豆甙元固体分散物胶囊相对市售胶囊的相对生物利用度为504%.     

Inclusion complexes of tadalafil with natural and chemically modified β-cyclodextrins. I: Preparation and in-vitro evaluation

The aim of this work was to investigate the inclusion complexation between tadalafil, a practically insoluble selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5), and two chemically modified β-cyclodextrins: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and heptakis-[2,6-di-O-methyl]-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), in comparison with the natural β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in order to improve the solubility and the dissolution rate of the drug in an attempt to enhance its bioavailability. Inclusion complexation was investigated in both the solution and the solid state. The UV spectral shift method indicated guest–host complex formation between tadalafil and the three cyclodextrins (CDs). The phase solubility profiles with all the used CDs were classified as A_p-type, indicating the formation of higher order complexes. The complexation efficiency values (CE), which reflect the solubilizing power of the CDs towards the drug, could be arranged in the following order: DM-β-CD > HP-β-CD > β-CD. Solid binary systems of tadalafil with CDs were prepared by kneading and freeze-drying techniques at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 (drug to CD). Physical mixtures were prepared in the same molar ratios for comparison. Physicochemical characterization of the prepared systems at molar ratio of 1:5 was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed the formation of true inclusion complexes between the drug and both HP-β-CD and DM-β-CD using the freeze-drying method at molar ratio of 1:5. In contrast, crystalline drug was detectable in all other products. The dissolution of tadalafil from all the prepared binary systems was carried out to determine the most appropriate CD type, molar ratio, and preparation technique to prepare inclusion complexes to be used in the development of tablet formulation for oral delivery of tadalafil. The dissolution enhancement was increased on increasing the CD proportion in all the prepared systems. Both the CD type and the preparation technique played an important role in the performance of the system. Irrespective of the preparation technique, the systems prepared using HP-β-CD and DM-β-CD yielded better performance than the corresponding ones prepared using β-CD. In addition, the freeze-drying technique showed superior dissolution enhancement than other methods especially when combined with the β-CD derivatives.     

氢醌-β-环糊精包合物处方及制备工艺研究

目的：对氢醌-β-环糊精包和物（HD-β-CD）的处方及制备工艺进行优化。方法：采取饱和水溶液法制备HD-β-CD,用正交试验设计,分别以包合率和成品率为指标,筛选HD-β-CD的最佳处方及制备工艺,并采用形态观察、化学试剂法及差示扫描分析对其进行了验证。结果：HD-β-CD的最佳处方及工艺为：HD与β—CD质量比为1：2,包和温度为30℃,搅拌时间为6．5h,搅拌速度为180r·min^-1。验证试验结果均证实HD-β-CD的形成。结论：优选的HD-β-CD的包合率及成品率均较好,该处方及制备工艺较优,HD-β-CD成功包合。     

溶剂蒸发-沉积法制备溴吡斯的明掩味固体分散体

目的:研制溴吡斯的明掩味固体分散体,并对其进行初步稳定性考察。方法:通过正交试验设计,以综合评分为指标优化处方和制备工艺,通过红外分光光度法(IR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对药物可能存在状态进行判断。加速实验条件下考察固体分散体的初步稳定性。结果:掩味固体分散体的最优处方是以甘露醇作为不溶性载体、药物与EUDRAGITEPO质量比为1∶3,分散颗粒黏度为150～180μm。IR和DSC表明,药物可能以无定形状态分散于载体中。加速实验条件6个月,固体分散体的外观、含量和2 min累积溶出率无显著性变化。结论:采用溶剂蒸发-沉积法可成功制备溴吡斯的明的掩味固体分散体,其初步稳定性较好。     

Liquiritin-Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Preparation,Characterization, Bioavailability and Antitumor Activity Evaluation

The pharmacological activities of liquiritin (LT) are greatly limited by its insolubility and low oral absorption. The purpose of this study was to prepare LT-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (LT-HP-β-CD) to increase water solubility, oral bioavailability and antitumor effect of LT. Herein, saturated aqueous solution method was applied to prepare the LT-HP-β-CD prior to characterization via scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared radiation (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of the formulation was investigated in the A549 lung cancer cells. The results of SEM, IR, XRD and DSC showed that LT-HP-β-CD was successfully formulated. In vitro release and oral bioavailability of LT-HP-β-CD compared with the free LT was significantly higher. Successfully, antitumor effect of LT was remarkably enhanced by the preparation of LT-HP-β-CD. Altogether, the LT-HP-β-CD represents a potential carrier for enhancing the water solubility and oral bioavailability of LT coupled with antitumor activity enhancement.