儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗

目的：总结儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤手术治疗的经验教训。方法：37例14岁以下的患者接受不同方式的手术治疗，平均随访37．2个月。结果：病变刮除、瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活、植骨术仍是目前治疗良性病变常用的手术方法，应避免损伤股骨头骨骺。对病灶范围较大伴有髋内翻畸形的良性病变，行病变部分刮除、外翻截骨及内固定后可维持正常的颈干角和髋关节功能。瘤段切除、长柄人工股骨头置换术，是修复股骨近端恶性骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的一种较好的方法，具有早期恢复肢体功能、并发症少、材料来源充足等优势。结论：儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗应考虑到病变的性质、侵袭范围、股骨近端的应力分布及儿童骨骺未闭合等特点，采用适当的术式，多可获得良好的效果。     

带血供腓骨移植重建股骨近端溶骨性病变致骨缺损

[目的]评价带血供游离腓骨移植重建股骨近端侵袭性良性溶骨性病变所致骨缺损的临床疗效。[方法]总结自2008年4月~2013年3月收治股骨近端良性侵袭性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变共14例,采用病灶内扩大刮除、氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植,支持钢板内固定等方法手术治疗,影像学随访评价病变转归、植骨愈合;采用改良肌肉骨髂系统肿瘤学会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)肢体功能评价表随访肿瘤切除术后患者肢体功能。[结果]随访18~67个月,平均(35.71±15.80)个月。其中1例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后12个月复发。其余13例患者随访期间均未见病变复发表现,钢板固定无松动、断裂,无术后病理性骨折,未见股骨头缺血性坏死等其他并发症。移植腓骨无缺血坏死表现、与受区2~7个月骨性愈合,平均愈合时间(4.54±1.27)个月。术后3、6个月MSTS功能评分依次为(25.57±4.27),(27.07±6.53)分。[结论]病灶刮除,氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植填充重建,结合支持钢板内固定是股骨近端侵袭性良性肿瘤及瘤样病变的有效外科治疗方法。中期随访表现为病变复发率低,破坏骨结构得以重建,髋关节功能良好。     

儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗

目的:总结儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤手术治疗的经验教训.方法:37例14岁以下的患者接受不同方式的手术治疗,平均随访37.2个月.结果:病变刮除、瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活、植骨术仍是目前治疗良性病变常用的手术方法,应避免损伤股骨头骨骺.对病灶范围较大伴有髋内翻畸形的良性病变,行病变部分刮除、外翻截骨及内固定后可维持正常的颈干角和髋关节功能.瘤段切除、长柄人工股骨头置换术,是修复股骨近端恶性骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的一种较好的方法,具有早期恢复肢体功能、并发症少、材料来源充足等优势.结论:儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗应考虑到病变的性质、侵袭范围、股骨近端的应力分布及儿童骨骺未闭合等特点,采用适当的术式,多可获得良好的效果.     

儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗

目的:总结儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤手术治疗的经验教训。方法:37例14岁以下的患者接受不同方式的手术治疗,平均随访37.2个月。结果:病变刮除、瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活、植骨术仍是目前治疗良性病变常用的手术方法,应避免损伤股骨头骨骺。对病灶范围较大伴有髋内翻畸形的良性病变,行病变部分刮除、外翻截骨及内固定后可维持正常的颈干角和髋关节功能。瘤段切除、长柄人工股骨头置换术,是修复股骨近端恶性骨肿瘤切除后大块骨缺损的一种较好的方法,具有早期恢复肢体功能、并发症少、材料来源充足等优势。结论:儿童股骨近端骨肿瘤的手术治疗应考虑到病变的性质、侵袭范围、股骨近端的应力分布及儿童骨骺未闭合等特点,采用适当的术式,多可获得良好的效果。     

颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损

目的 :评价颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损的临床可行性。方法 :2013年1月至2016年1月治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤或瘤样病损26例,均未发生病理性骨折,男12例,女14例;年龄8~62岁,平均34.2岁。病理结果:纤维结构不良11例,骨孤立性骨囊肿7例,骨巨细胞瘤3例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,非骨化性纤维瘤1例,良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。术前未进行病灶活组织检查,术后送慢病理,手术采取颗粒打压植骨辅钢板内固定。结果:26例均随访至恢复日常生活,随访时间8~42个月,平均25个月。参照骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)进行功能评估。术后末次复查股骨正侧位X线片,植骨边缘及植骨体部未见低密度影,植骨区骨愈合良好,所有患者未见复发及转移病灶,内固定物无松动、变形。髋关节功能恢复良好,所有患者无再骨折和畸形进展。结论:股骨近端肿瘤复发与病灶刮除植骨技术有关,刮除后采用化学、物理方法处理消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,利用此方法可以获得疾病的长期治愈,减少复发,恢复髋关节功能。     

股骨头颈部肿瘤及瘤样病变的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨头颈部肿瘤及瘤样病变的手术治疗效果.方法对19例股骨头颈部瘤样病变及良性肿瘤患者行病灶刮除＋自体髂骨植骨术.结果 19例均获随访,时间1年3个月～4年,平均2.7年.患者术后6～9个月植骨融合,无股骨头坏死或塌陷,肿瘤无复发征象.结论对股骨头颈部良性肿瘤及瘤样病变采用病灶清除＋植骨可取得良好效果.     

19例股骨颈原发溶骨性损害的手术治疗

目的：总结股骨颈原发溶骨性损害的手术治疗结果。方法：自1973－1999年共收治股骨颈原发溶骨性病损19例,其中瘤样样病变11例,良性肿瘤4例,恶性骨肿瘤2例,骨梗死2例,采用瘤段切除,人工股骨头置换1例,肿瘤刮除,骨水泥和髓内钉填塞,接骨板固定2例,肿瘤刮除植骨16例。结果：随访6个月－20年,平均5．8年,骨肉瘤患者术后2年死于肿瘤肺转移,软骨肉瘤患者术后1．5年肿瘤局部复发,行股骨近端置换,1例骨水泥和三翼钉植入者8年后患侧股骨粗隆部骨折,再次手术安装接骨板,3个月后骨折愈合,余患者4－8个月植骨融合,无股骨头坏死或塌陷,肿瘤无复发征象,结论：原发股骨颈溶骨性损害以瘤样病变居多,良性病变无论病变范围的大小,采用病灶清除,腔内植骨骨或骨水泥填塞均取得良好效果。     

异体皮质骨支撑植骨修复股骨头颈部肿瘤性骨缺损

股骨近端的良性病变常削弱股骨轻的支撑结构。我院１９８９年６月￣１９９５年６月用异体皮质骨支撑植骨 修复股骨头颈部肿瘤性骨肌损２６例。其中骨纤维异常增殖症１２例, 骨韧带样纤维瘤５例,骨巨细胞瘤２例,成软骨细胞瘤１例。根据肿瘤的病理诊断,病灶分别采取单纯刮除１２例;刮除结合冷冻８例;在治疗６例多发或病灶范围广泛的骨纤维异常增殖症过程中,病灶未作处理。２６例中,１４例同时行内固定手术。 所有病例术后即     

儿童股骨近端肿瘤合并病理骨折的手术治疗

目的：总结儿童股骨近端病理骨折手术治疗的经验教训。方法：22例14岁以下的患者接受不同方式的手术治疗。平均随访35.4个月。结果：病变刮除、瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活,植骨术仍是目前治疗良性病变常用的手术方法,应避免损伤股骨头骨骺。多病灶型骨纤维结构不良经外翻截骨及内固定后可维持正常的颈干角和髋关节功能。肿瘤复发,植骨吸收是常见的并发症,结论：儿童股骨近端肿瘤合并病理骨折的手术治疗应考虑到病变的性质、侵袭范围、股骨近端的应力分布及儿童骨骺未闭合等特点。     

病灶刮除植骨术治疗原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的临床疗效评价

目的探讨病灶刮除植骨术治疗原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(primary aneurysmal bone cyst,PABC)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析天津医院自2004年1月至2014年1月间采用单纯性病灶刮除植骨术治疗的原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者病例资料共61例,其中男34例,女27例;年龄5~75岁,平均(25.3±9.28)岁。该组病例中病灶常见好发部位依次为肱骨近端、股骨近端、胫骨近端、股骨远端,伴病理性骨折5例。外科手术方法为病灶刮除植骨术,辅助治疗措施包括酒精灭活、高速磨钻磨除瘤壁等,对病理性骨折或潜在病理性骨折风险患者行内固定治疗。结果患者随访时间40~156个月,平均(92.3±6.82)个月。58例病灶植骨获得骨性愈合,肢体功能优良,效果满意。3例病灶复发(2例行边缘切除关节假体置换;1例予以再次病灶刮除植骨术,病变部位获得骨性愈合,效果满意),复发率4.9%。3例发生异体骨排斥反应,经抗炎换药治疗后获得骨性愈合。结论病灶刮除植骨是治疗原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的有效手段,局限性的切除并未增加病灶的复发率。     

Use of a spectrophotometer for radiographic photodensitometry of bone

Summary A conventional spectrophotometer was used to do radiographic photodensitometry of bone mass. An experiment to produce osteoporosis in guinea pigs required quantification of changes in bone mass. Lack of a densitometer necessitated finding another method for quantification. The method developed involved using industrial film in a closed X-ray system. Optical density of X-rays was then read in a spectrophotometer at nine femur locations. Highly significant correlations between optical density and femur calcium content and femur dry weight per millimeter were obtained. Histological sections from an animal with low optical density measurements confirmed bone loss by showing decreased cortical width and loss of trabecular bone. In addition to using readily available equipment, this method offers the advantage of being able to detect bone loss in specific areas of the bones. In addition, bones are left intact and can be used for other purposes.     

Use of a spectrophotometer for radiographic photodensitometry of bone.

A conventional spectrophotometer was used to do radiographic photodensitometry of bone mass. An experiment to produce osteoporosis in guinea pigs required quantification of changes in bone mass. Lack of a densitometer necessitated finding another method for quantification. The method developed involved using industrial film in a closed X-ray system. Optical density of X-rays was then read in a spectrophotometer at nine femur locations. Highly significant correlations between optical density and femur calcium content and femur dry weight per millimeter were obtained. Histological sections from an animal with low optical density measurements confirmed bone loss by showing decreased cortical width and loss of trabecular bone. In addition to using readily available equipment, this method offers the advantage of being able to detect bone loss in specific areas of the bones. In addition, bones are left intact and can be used for other purposes.     

Allograft in the treatment of benign cystic lesions of bone

Summary Seventeen patients with benign cystic osseous lesions were treated by curettage and grafting using allogenic decalcified bone. Human bones were partially decalcified using 0.6N HCl and preserved in 90% ethanol in a deep freezer at -16°C. The cystic lesions were: 5 cases of fibrous dysplasia, 4 aneurysmal bone cysts, 3 simple bone cysts, 2 giant-cell tumours, 1 chondromyxoid fibroma, 1 non-ossifying fibroma and 1 fibrous cortical defect. The bones involved were: femur, tibia, humerus, fibula and calcaneum. Infection was a complication in three patients. In two of these it did not interfere with healing, but in one it persisted for more than 1 year with partial resorption of the graft. The time to adequate incorporation of the graft varied from 6 to 9 months in children and 9 to 15 months in adults. The overall response compares favourably with that to allograft from more sophisticated bone banks.     

人工全股骨关节置换治疗股骨骨肉瘤

目的探讨全股骨人工关节置换术治疗股骨骨肉瘤的适应证和并发症,评估术后功能结果。方法1996年10月至2002年10月,采用全股骨人工关节置换术治疗骨肉瘤患者17例,其中男性8例,女性9例,年龄12～34岁,平均16岁;发病部位于股骨上段1例,股骨下段6例,股骨干10例;ⅡB期患者12例,ⅢB期5例;病灶范围23～28cm,有跳跃灶3例,病理骨折2例;术前均行病灶活检,明确诊断。17例行术前化疗,15例术后化疗。手术经患肢外侧入路,人工全股骨假体置换。按照MSTS93系统检查肢体功能恢复情况。结果17例患者均获得随访,平均45个月（9～120个月）。3例患者术后6～14个月局部复发（占17．6％）。ⅡB期12例患者中,4例死于肺转移（占33％）;8例无瘤存活,存活时间50—120个月,平均75个月。ⅢB期5例,死亡5例,存活9—20个月,平均13个月。15例术后恢复行走,占88％,肢体功能恢复率40％～93％,平均74％。3例术后并发神经麻痹,2例术后髋关节脱位,无一例术后感染。结论全股骨人工关节置换术适用于股骨广泛受侵的恶性骨肿瘤患者,能有效恢复肢体功能;对于Ⅲ期患者,姑息性保肢治疗能有效地改善生活质量;人工全股骨关节的设计有待进一步改进。     

Juxtaphyseal aneurysmal bone cysts.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign primary or secondary lesions that commonly arise in long bones and often before skeletal maturity. Little has been written about aneurysmal bone cysts that abut the physeal plate. The records of 15 patients with juxtaphyseal aneurysmal bone cysts were reviewed. Fourteen of the patients were referred with abnormal radiographs after evaluation for pain in the affected limb. One patient presented with abnormal radiographs after fracture about the aneurysmal bone cyst. None of the patients had evidence of growth plate disruption. The children's ages ranged from 2 to 14 years, with a mean of 9.8 years. There were 10 boys and five girls. Lesion locations included: six in the proximal tibia, three in the distal fibula, two in the distal tibia, two in the proximal femur, one in the distal femur, and one in the distal radius. All of the lesions abutted the physeal plate and fell into one of the types in Campanacci's classification of juxtaphyseal aneurysmal bone cysts. Three lesions were classified as Type 1, eight were Type 2, and four were Type 3. This study included no cases of Type 4 or 5 lesions. Treatment of all lesions consisted of excision, curettage, and bone grafting with care taken to preserve the growth plate. Adjunctive cauterization was performed in two cases. There were no incidences of postoperative physeal plate arrest. Overgrowth of the fibula occurred in one patient. Three patients experienced recurrent lesions. One of the children underwent repeat curettage and bone grafting with no additional recurrence. In the other two children with recurrence, the lesion had grown away from the physeal plate while remaining static in size and asymptomatic. Based on this study, juxtaphyseal aneurysmal bone cysts may be treated satisfactorily with intralesional surgery and bone grafting with expectation of normal physeal growth.     

Metastasis size in pathologic femoral fractures

Radiographic assessment was made of metastases in 69 consecutive patients with pathologic femoral fractures. The following variables were considered: width of metastasis, ratio between width of metastasis and bone, axial length of cortical destruction, and proportion of cortical bone destroyed of the circumference. Differences in size of the metastases were not related to location in the femur or histologic type. In 62 of 69 fractures the ratio between width of the metastasis and bone was greater than or equal to 0.60, axial cortical destruction in the neck was greater than or equal to 13 mm and in other parts of the femur greater than or equal to 30 mm, and cortical destruction of the circumference greater than or equal to 50 percent. Prophylactic internal fixation need not be considered for femur metastatic lesions that do not reach these limits.     

Chondroblastoma

PURPOSE: To review all patients with chondroblastoma treated in our hospital between 1993 and 2004. METHODS: Six men and 4 women aged 13 to 33 (mean, 21) years with histologically proven chondroblastomas were retrospectively reviewed through our tumour registry, patient records, radiographic and histopathologic reports. All patients underwent intralesional curettage and bone grafting with or without bone cement. The mean follow-up period was 5.5 (range, 2-11.8) years. Functional outcome was measured according to the Enneking scoring system. RESULTS: The proximal tibia and femur were the most frequently involved sites. All patients presented with pain but only 2 with joint effusion. In 3 patients the lesions were aggressive, in 3 others it was active, and in 4 it was latent. In 2 patients the lesions recurred at 5 and 28 months; both resolved after repeat surgeries without further recurrence. Functional outcomes were either good or excellent, except for one patient with a compartment syndrome of the contralateral leg. No patients had metastasis to lungs or collapse of articular surfaces. CONCLUSION: Chondroblastoma is a rare benign bone tumour commonly presenting with pain. Outcomes are usually good after curettage and reconstruction with bone grafting.     

Musculoskeletal Hydatid Cysts Resembling Tumors: A Report of Five Cases

Although challenges in treatment of musculoskeletal hydatid cysts (HC) lesions have been documented, data regarding the musculoskeletal HC lesions resembling tumor is scarce. This paper presented 5 patients (3 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 41.6 years with tumor‐like lesions of HC. Three of them had left ilium and acetabulum involvement, one involved left femur, and one involved left thigh muscle compartments. Pain was the main symptom and was seen in all patients. Clinical examination, radiologic evaluation, and histologic analysis were performed for diagnosis. Patients were treated through different surgical options, including simple debridement, bone cement filling with or without internal fixation, hip arthrodesis, reconstruction using hemipelvic replantation with femoral prosthesis and distal femur endoprosthetic replacement. After surgery, the operation region was washed by 20% hypertonic saline, and debridement was performed carefully without contamination. All patients received albendazole treatment. Cases were followed up 1 to 9 years for the recurrence. Walking difficulty and pain were the main symptoms during the follow‐up. One patient was symptom‐free. A reoccurrence in the perioperative soft tissue was detected in only one patient and control visits with antihelmintic treatment were recommended. We would like to emphasize that HC should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of the cystic or tumoral lesions of the musculoskeletal system, particularly in the endemic regions. Prompt diagnosis is of paramount importance for preventing destruction and complications.