枕颈部畸形合并颈脊髓空洞症的外科治疗

报告８例枕颈部畸形合并颈脊髓空洞症（Ｃｈｉａｒｉ畸形Ａ型）并经手术治疗。根据临床表现和影像学（ＭＲＩ）征象，应用枕骨大孔扩大，寰椎后弓切除减压，枕颈自体髂骨植骨融合及脊髓空洞蛛网膜下腔分流术。术后症状和体征明显改善７例，无变化１例。本文对有临床症状的Ｃｈｉａｒｉ畸形的发病和治疗进行了讨论．     

枕骨大孔减压术与减压联合脊髓空洞分流术治疗Arnold-Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症的Meta分析

目的 应用系统评价方法,分析枕骨大孔减压(FMD)与枕骨大孔减压联合脊髓空洞分流术(FMD+SSS)治疗Arnold-Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症治疗效果的差异.方法 全面检索国内外关于FMD术与FMD+SSS术治疗Arnold-Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症的随机、非随机对照试验,同时进行严格的质量评价,利...     

枕骨大孔区畸形合并脊髓空洞症的临床治疗

目的:探讨枕骨大孔区畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗方法。方法:手术治疗枕骨大孔区畸形合并脊髓空洞症29例。根据枕骨大孔区畸形情况,实施后颅窝减压术或齿状突切除术,术中充分分离正中孔附近蛛网膜粘连;空洞最宽处直径与脊髓直径比值(HCI)≥0.5行空洞—蛛网膜下腔分流术,扩大修补硬膜,重建枕大池。结果:所有病例均术后随访5个月～2年,临床症状完全消失13例,好转12例,无效3例,加重1例;19例复查MRI,显示中央管口径明显恢复10例,5例恢复70％,2例恢复50％,2例无变化。结论:枕骨大孔区畸形合并脊髓空洞症应首选后颅窝减压术或齿状突切除术,视脊髓空洞情况加用脊髓空洞蛛网膜下腔分流术。术中应注意:后颅窝减压要充分,在显微镜下松解正中孔蛛网膜粘连。术后应注意颈椎稳定性,尽可能定期复查MRI,了解脊髓中央管径恢复情况。     

Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的诊断与治疗

目的:对于Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症治疗方法及其效果、预后进行探讨。方法:所有36例均经MR检查,单纯小脑扁桃体下疝8例,合并脊髓空洞症28例,合并颅底畸形6例,对于不合并脊髓空洞症的小脑桃体下疝患者,可采用后颅窝减压。对于小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症,行后颅窝减压及空洞引流术,根据临床表现及MR影像小脑扁桃体下疝的程度及空洞水平高低来决定切除上颈段椎板的阶段,一般只需做颈1~2椎板切除,8例严重小脑扁桃体下疝,临床症状明显或合并远隔节段脊髓空洞者,应在后颅窝减压的同时行小脑扁桃体切除,4例有症状、体征的脑积水患者先行脑室-腹腔分流术。28例合并脊髓空洞症,同时行空洞切开引流,其中8例严重小脑扁桃体下疝者同时行小脑扁桃体切除。结果:术后随访1年,36例病人中,32例痊愈或临床症状得以改善。2例合并颅底凹陷者术前症状严重,行后颅窝减压,术后恢复较差。结论:小脑扁桃体下疝畸形发病机理复杂,大部分作者认为是枕骨内生软骨发育不良,致后颅窝内容过度拥挤,而继发后脑组织下疝,严重的枕骨发育不良,可形成颅底凹陷并使后颅窝更加拥挤,脊髓空洞症继发于枕大孔区解剖异常,目前大家共认是Gardner的水锤效应所致。后颅窝减压术可使延-颈髓充分减压,并有效缓解临床症状。空洞切开引流及小脑扁桃体切除     

枕颈部畸形的外科治疗

作者报道５６例枕颈部畸形，施行寰椎后弓切除、枕骨大孔扩大减压及枕颈部自体骨植骨融合术。男性３５例，女性２１例，平均年龄３８．５岁。术后７２小时因呼吸衰竭死亡１例，其余均获随访，平均２７个月。获枕颈部骨性融合５３例。运动、感觉功能恢复正常或接近正常３１例，功能明显改善１９例，无变化４例，加重１例。作者认为，枕颈区不稳和颈脊髓压迫症直接源于该部畸形。畸形本身为不可逆性，而不稳定和脊髓压迫症是外科治疗的主要问题。     

Arnold-Chiari畸形的治疗

目的 :探讨Arnold -Chiari畸形合并或不合并脊髓空洞症等畸形的治疗方式。方法 :通过对 5 1例Arnold -Chiari畸形患者术前MRI确定诊断 ,并选择手术方式。对于单纯Arnold -Chiari畸形患者及合并脊髓空洞较小者 (空洞与脊髓比 <0 .5 )行枕大孔减压术加硬脑 (脊 )膜切开减压术 ;对合并脊髓空洞较大者 (空洞与脊髓比 >0 .5 )加行脊髓空洞—蛛网膜下腔分流术。术后根据患者体温等情况 ,辅以腰椎穿刺放出血性脑脊液。结果 :5 1例中 ,合并脊髓空洞症 2 0例 ,颅底凹陷 7例。 5 1例均行枕大孔减压术加硬脑 (脊 )膜切开减压术。 5例加行脊髓空洞—网膜下腔分流术。结论 :Arnold -Chiari畸形 ,常合并脊髓空洞症等畸形。应根据患者是否合并脊髓空洞症及脊髓空洞的大小选择不同的手术方法。     

脊髓

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断和治疗；枕大池重建术治疗ChiariI型畸形合并脊髓空洞症；显微手术治疗小儿腰骶部脊髓脊膜膨出35例报告；颈椎前后路一期联合手术治疗颈髓损伤；枕大池重建术治疗ChiariI型畸形合并脊髓空洞症     

枕骨大孔减压伴硬膜外层切开术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的临床研究

目的探讨枕骨大孔减压伴硬膜外层切开术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症(ACM-SM)的手术疗效。方法按患者手术方式不同分为两组:A组30例,枕骨大孔减压组;B组38例,枕骨大孔减压伴硬膜外层切开组,回顾性分析两组患者预后情况。结果近期疗效:出院时,A组有效率70%(21/30),B组有效率92.1%(35/38),二者比较,B组患者近期疗效优于A组(P=0.02);远期疗效:A组67.9%(19/28)的患者症状有不同程度改善;B组93.9%(31/33)的患者症状有不同程度改善,两者比较,B组患者远期临床症状改善率优于A组(P<0.05);脊髓空洞:A组20例患者脊髓空洞大小较术前有不同程度缩小,6例空洞较前无明显变化,2例空洞较前略增大;B组患者随访提示31例患者脊髓空洞大小较术前有不同程度缩小,2例空洞较前无明显变化,无空洞增大病例,两者比较,B组患者在脊髓空洞改善方面优于A组(P<0.05)。结论外科手术是治疗ACM-SM的有效方法,应根据患者具体情况选择不同的术式;枕骨大孔减压伴硬膜外层切开术治疗ACM-SM患者术后长短期疗效均优于枕骨大孔减压术。     

合并Chiari-Ⅰ畸形的颈椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

目的：探讨合并Chiari—Ⅰ畸形的颈椎管狭窄症的治疗方式及效果。方法：回顾性分析34例合并Chiari—Ⅰ畸形的颈椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料，其中男10例，女24例；年龄21—66岁，平均38．6岁；27例合并脊髓空洞。均一期由神经外科医师行后颅窝减压术、骨科医师行颈后路椎管扩大成形术，22例合并较大脊髓空洞者同时进行空洞穿刺抽吸术。结果：34例手术时间平均155min，平均出血量350ml；10例术后出现轴性症状，2例发生脑脊液漏．经对症处理后治愈。28例术后获得6个月-8年（平均2年10个月）随访，按Odom疗效标准评定，优7例，良10例。优良率为60．7％。26例合并脊髓空洞的患者术后复查了MRI，15例患者的脊髓空洞消失，6例较术前明显缩小，5例无改变。结论：对合并Chiari—Ⅰ畸形的颈椎管狭窄症患者一期行后颅窝减压和椎管扩大成形术是有效的治疗方式。     

显微外科治疗小脑扁桃体下疝畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症

目的 探讨小脑扁桃体下疝畸形(chiari 畸形)Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症的显微神经外科手术方法.方法 对经磁共振成像(MRI)证实的Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症101例进行显微神经外科手术治疗,采用枕后正中直切口,颅后小骨窗减压、硬膜下探查、硬膜成形合并枕大池重建术,重建脑脊液循环通路.结果 术后经6个月左右的随访,89例(88.1%)的症状、体征得到改善,86例(93.5%)经MRI复查显示小脑扁桃体达正常水平、延髓压迫解除、枕大池形态恢复,脊髓空洞腔不同程度缩小者75例(81.5%),空洞腔消失25例(27.1%).结论 应用显微外科的手术技巧治疗Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症,可以有效的缓解患者的病情,取得满意的临床效果.     

腹膜后局限性Castleman病误诊嗜铬细胞瘤4例并文献复习

目的探讨腹膜后局限性Castleman病的临床特征及外科治疗方法,结合复习相关文献,以提高腹膜后Castleman病的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析4例术前诊断嗜铬细胞瘤、经手术病理证实为腹膜后Castleman病患者的临床、病理、影像学特点,评价手术治疗效果。结果 4例患者均行手术治疗,切除腹膜后肿瘤,术后病理均为Castleman病。随访12～114个月,均未见肿瘤复发。结论腹膜后Castleman病临床症状不典型,实验室检查通常无异常结果,容易误诊,确诊需靠病理检查,手术切除疗效好。     

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸的外科手术治疗及其治疗效果。方法回顾性对15例原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸行外科手术治疗的总结和分析。结果行左半肝切除 胆总管切开取癌栓术5例,行肿瘤切除 胆总管切开取癌栓术7例,行胆总管切开取癌栓 肝总动脉结扎3例,术后随访2年,平均生存时间为14.5个月,最长存活23个月。结论外科治疗明显提高了患者生活质量,延长了生存时间。     

Surgical correction of subclavian steal syndrome

Eleven patients with subclavian steal syndrome underwent surgical correction without mortality. Ten patients were relieved from their symptoms. Two vessels reoccluded, two months and three years postoperatively, with reappearance of symptoms. One patient was hemiplegic after the operation. Associated lesions of other precerebral vessels were found in 7 patients, and surgical correction of two or three stenosed or occluded arteries was performed in 5 of them. Satisfactory and complete preoperative angiographic study of all precerebral vessels is therefore important. In 4 patients studied, the vertebral artery flow changed from a mean retrograde flow of 91 ml/min to a mean forward flow of 64 ml/min.     

Impact of choice of therapeutic strategy for acute cholecystitis on patient's health-related quality of life. Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to determine if health related quality of life is affected by the choice of surgical strategy in the management of acute cholecystitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After diagnostic workup, patients were randomized to one of two groups: (1) early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (i.e. within 7 days after onset of symptoms) or (2) initial conservative treatment followed by delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Seventy-four patients entered the early operation group and 71 patients were assigned to the delayed operation strategy. Assessments of quality of life were made at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and in the delayed operation group also one month after the initial conservative treatment. RESULTS: The gastrointestinal symptom scores were significantly better in three dimensions (diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain) one month after surgery for the acute operation group (p < 0.01). Three and 6 months after the operation we were unable to detect any significant differences between the groups. The patients in the delayed operation group did not appear to suffer from more symptoms in the period of time waiting for their elective operation. Psychological general well-being showed no major differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Cholecystectomy in the acute phase of acute cholecystitis offers a significant reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms during the first postoperative month and to that associated improved quality of life in this group of patients.     

先天性双主动脉弓畸形的外科治疗

目的 总结双主动脉弓畸形外科治疗经验.方法 外科治疗8例双主动脉弓病儿中男5例,女3例;年龄1～48个月,平均(14.93±15.52)个月;体重5.5～15 kg,平均(9.56±3.51) kg.左右弓均衡型1例,右弓优势型7例.6例为单纯双主动脉弓畸形,均在胸部左后外侧切口进行矫治.另外1例合并室间隔缺损,肺动脉高压,1例合并肺动脉吊带,均在正中切口体外循环下进行矫治.结果 7例术后积极治疗,均治愈出院.1例合并肺动脉吊带病儿因气管狭窄段长,呼吸困难严重,尽管血管畸形矫治满意,但仍不能脱离呼吸机,家属放弃治疗,自动出院.结论 双主动脉弓是一种引起小儿严重呼吸系统感染的严重疾病,早发现,早治疗,手术治疗效果良好.     

Surgical Correction of Subclavian Steal Syndrome

Eleven patients with subclavian steal syndrome underwent surgical correction without mortality. Ten patients were relieved from their symptoms. Two vessels reoccluded, two months and three years postoperatively, with reappearance of symptoms. One patient was hemiplegic after the operation. Associated lesions of other precerebral vessels were found in 7 patients, and surgical correction of two or three stenosed or occluded arteries was performed in 5 of them. Satisfactory and complete preoperative angiographic study of all precerebral vessels is therefore important. In 4 patients studied, the vertebral artery flow changed from a mean retrograde flow of 91 ml/min to a mean forward flow of 64 ml/min.     

骨样骨瘤的诊断与治疗

目的:研究骨样骨瘤的临床特点以及外科治疗效果,提高诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析1997年1月至2009年10月确诊的35例骨样骨瘤的临床资料,其中男25例,女10例,平均发病年龄21岁(6～49岁)。最常见的部位为胫骨(13例)和股骨(7例)。发病至确诊时间平均为12个月(1～24个月),典型的症状为疼痛,夜间加重,服用非甾体抗炎药可缓解,影像学表现为一圆形或卵圆形的瘤巢。所有患者均经手术治疗:单纯肿瘤切除9例,肿瘤刮除或切除人工骨或自体骨植骨19例,肿瘤刮除或切除植骨固定7例。结果:术后平均随访49个月(2个月～12年),所有患者疼痛症状均消失,未见病灶复发。1例术后4个月出现胫骨病理性骨折,经钢板螺钉内固定后治愈。1例术后5年窦道形成,行窦道切除、髓内钉取出、清创术后治愈。结论:根据典型临床表现、影像学特点,骨样骨瘤的诊断并不困难,为缓解症状、提高生活质量、预防远期并发症,确诊后应尽早手术治疗。     

上胸椎肿瘤的手术途径及术式探讨

目的：探讨上胸椎肿瘤前路不同手术路径,肿瘤切除术式,Orion钢板或TSRH内固定术的作用。方法：上胸椎肿瘤患者15例,其中骨巨细胞瘤5例,软骨肉瘤1例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,血管瘤1例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,转移癌4例,脊柱外科分期：Ⅰ期7例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期1例,Ⅳ期4例;肿瘤切除方式;囊内切除4例,包膜切除7例,广泛切除4例,根据肿瘤的病理类型,术后给予相应的放疗或化疗。结果：术后随访3－20个月,2例术后出现声音嘶哑,系术中喉返神经牵拉伤所致,2个月后症状缓解,近期疗效均较满意,15个患者术后神经功能均有所改善,1例T1转移性腺癌（来源于化学感受器腺癌）患者术后16个月因全身多处转移,全身衰竭死亡。1例T1－T2骨巨细胞瘤患者囊内切除术后8个月局部复发,结论：应用根据肿瘤的部位、性质、分期选择相应的手术途径及肿瘤切除方式,前路植骨、人工椎体、Orion或TSRH内固定术有利于上胸椎的重和稳定。     

Axilloaxillary bypass for symptomatic stenosis of the subclavian artery

Since the association has been made between stenosis of the subclavian artery and neurologic symptoms, controversy has existed over the preferred surgical procedure for bypass. In addition, concern has been raised regarding the long-term patency and effectiveness of this extraanatomic procedure in relieving neurologic symptoms.Twenty-seven patients underwent this operation for posterior cerebral symptoms between 1973 and 1982; 25 were followed for up to 77 months (mean 26 months). Twenty-two patients had complete relief of symptoms, although 3 of them required a subsequent carotid endarterectomy. Two other patients had partial relief, and one patient's symptoms remained unchanged. Upper extremity symptoms, present in nine patients, were relieved by the operation. All grafts remained patent during follow-up. Axilloaxillary bypass is a durable procedure for symptomatic stenosis of the subclavian artery. It is a low-risk procedure and is therefore particularly suited for older patients with associated carotid artery disease.