Evidence of oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) simultaneously together with the antioxidant status in patients with cervical carcinoma. METHODS: We measured lipid peroxidation product, including malondialdehye (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) products, including nitrite (NO(2)(-)), nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and total nitrite (TNO(2)(-)) and antioxidant enzymes in 45 patients with cervical cancer and compared them against 30 healthy controls. RESULTS: Plasma as well as erythrocyte MDA and plasma NO levels was higher (p<0.001) in cervical cancer as compared to healthy controls. Antioxidant enzymes, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were decreased (p<0.001) whereas glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased (p<0.001) in cervical cancer patients. Lipid peroxidation and NO products accumulation correlated significantly with a deranged antioxidant system. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a possible involvement of both oxidative and nitrosative stress, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and NO levels with altered antioxidant defense system in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.     

Plasma total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVES: The metabolism of cells in inflammatory and noninflammatory arthritic joint diseases is subject to complex environmental controls. The aim of the present study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of TAC, malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were estimated in patients with RA and OA and compared with controls. RESULTS: The plasma TAC levels were significantly lower in the RA group than the OA and control group (P < 0.05). Plasma MDA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RA than those with OA and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte GSH-Px and CAT activities were found to be significantly lower in patients with RA than those with OA and healthy subjects (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in erythrocyte SOD activities between the groups (P > 0.05). ESR were significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy subjects and patients with OA (P < 0.01). Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between TAC vs. MDA, ESR vs. TAC, and a positive correlation between ESR vs. MDA in the RA group (r = -0.398, P < 0.05; r = -0.422, P < 0.05; r = 0.530, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that levels of LPO are increased in patients with RA compared to patients with OA. In addition, plasma TAC levels are decreased in RA due to its inflammatory character. We conclude that detecting plasma TAC levels with this novel method may be used as a routine and rapid test to verify the levels of oxidative stress in RA. Furthermore, correlating TAC and LPO levels with acute phase reactants such as ESR may give some clues about disease activity in RA.     

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on oxidant and antioxidants levels during liver regeneration in rats

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on oxidant/antioxidant metabolism are controversial and its effects on hepatic regeneration are not known. In this study, we investigated a possible beneficial effect of HBO therapy on oxidant and antioxidants levels during liver regeneration. To conduct this study, seventy percent hepatectomy was performed on forty-eight Spraggue-Dawley rats and the rats were divided into two equal groups: HBO-treated group and untreated group (non-HBO group). We determined the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress marker, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes/reagents, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in the remnant liver samples. We also measured mitotic index (MI) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels to assess the degree of liver regeneration. HBO treatment significantly decreased MDA levels, whereas it increased SOD activity, GSH and Zn levels. In contrast, Cu levels were lower in the HBO-treated livers than the levels in the untreated remnant livers. The effect of HBO treatment may be mediated by the suppression of certain enzymes that are responsible for lipid peroxidation. In addition, HBO treatment may induce the production of antioxidant enzymes/reagents by remnant liver tissues. The HBO-treated rats maintained their body weights but the untreated rats lost body weights. HBO treatment also increased MI and PCNA levels, indicating HBO treatment enhances liver regeneration. These results indicate that HBO treatment has beneficial effects on liver regeneration by decreasing MDA and by increasing antioxidant activities. We therefore suggest that HBO therapy may be useful after liver resection.     

类风湿关节炎患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1活性与氧自由基代谢水平的相关性研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1（PON-1）活性与氧自由基代谢水平的关系。方法检测118例RA患者和56名健康对照者血浆PON-1活性、氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（OX-LDL）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和循环谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及晚期蛋白质氧化产物（AOPP）水平,分析PON-1活性与氧自由基代谢水平的关系。结果RA患者血浆PON-1、SOD、GSH-Px活性分别为（122．24-24．1）kU／L、（78．2±21．3）kU／L、（156．4±32．2）U／L,低于对照组（P〈0．01）。OX-LDL、AOPP、MDA水平分别为（832．0±256．2）μg／L、（342．3±118．1）μmol／L、（16．2±6．4）μmol／L,高于对照组（P〈0．01）。RA患者血浆PON-1活性与GSH-Px、SOD呈正相关（r：0．781,P〈0．01;r=0．702,P〈0．01）,与OX-LDL、MDA、AOPP呈负相关（r=-0．721．P〈0．01;r=-0．789,P〈0．01;r=-0．679,P〈0．01）。结论RA患者血浆PON-1活性降低,PON-1可能通过降低抗氧化能力机制参与了RA的病理生理过程。     

The changes of trace elements,malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activities in pregnancy with or without preeclampsia

OBJECTIVES: Increased free radical activity and lipid peroxidation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This study was initiated to assess antioxidant enzyme and trace metals's status in preeclampsia. DESIGN AND METHODS: The comparison was made between the pregnant women with or without preeclampsia and healthy controls in this study. Samples were obtained from 24 normal nonpregnant (controls), 30 normal pregnant and 21 preeclamptic women in the third trimester. Lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA), free radical scavenging enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) levels were measured in either plasma/serum or erythrocytes of patients. Data were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test. RESULTS: In the preeclamptic group malondialdehyde, Cu levels were significantly increased, while Zn and SOD levels were significantly decreased compared to normal control group and healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings give support that radical scavenging SOD is consumed by the increased lipid peroxidation in preeclampsia. This data may indicate an involvement of free radicals in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. This study suggests a relationship between increased MDA, Cu levels and decreased SOD, Zn levels in pregnancy and preeclampsia.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in the blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants in patients with Hodgkin's disease.DESIGN AND METHODS: Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA), selenium, zinc and copper content have been measured in 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 30 age-matched controls.RESULTS: Significantly higher concentrations of MDA in plasma as well as in erythrocytes were found compared to the control group. In both plasma and erythrocytes, GPX activity, selenium and zinc levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls. However, SOD activity in erythrocytes and copper levels in both plasma and erythrocytes were significantly higher in patients.CONCLUSION: We conclude that the antioxidant system is impaired in Hodgkin's disease due to the abnormal metabolism of trace elements and antioxidant enzymes.     

复方丹参滴丸对酶的影响

目的：研究复方丹参滴丸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后血清中五种酶的作用。方法：采用线栓法所致的大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，测定大鼠脑缺血再灌注前后血清中一氧化氮和丙二醛的含量以及血清超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶活力的变化。结果：与模型组比较，小剂量组有明显的降低一氧化氮和丙二醛含量的作用，中剂量组能明显升高超氧化物歧化酶含量，并能降低黄嘌呤氧化酶活力，大剂量组能升高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力（P〈0．05）。结论：复方丹参滴丸可以降低丙二醛及一氧化氮含量，升高超氧化物歧化酶含量；同时，升高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力并降低黄嘌呤氧化酶活力。     

葛根素对早期糖尿病肾病的治疗作用

目的 探讨葛根素对2型糖尿病(DM)并发早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的影响及机制。方法 将60例伴早期DN的DM患者随机分为常规治疗组(RTG)和葛根素治疗组(PTG)，进行治疗观察。治疗前、后检测尿饭量白蛋白(UAER)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果 葛根素可显著减少DN患者的尿白蛋白，降低血TG、TC、MDA、ET-1及NO的水平，提高HDL-C、SOD水平。结论 葛根素对早期DN具有治疗作用，机制与其改善脂质代谢紊乱、保护抗氧化酶活性、抑制ET-1及NO的生成有关。     

脑血管病患者血清内源性氧化剂和抗氧化剂水平变化的研究

目的 :观察脑血管病 (CVD)患者的血清内源性氧化剂及抗氧化剂水平变化及其临床意义。方法 :采用生物化学方法 ,测定 4 9例脑出血 (CH)、6 5例脑梗死 (CI)以及 35例神经系统其它疾病患者和 34名健康人(对照组 )的血清一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)、丙二醛 (MDA )、维生素 E(Vit E)、维生素 C(Vit C)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平。结果 :CH组和 CI组血清 NO、MDA含量和 NOS活性与另两组相比均显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1) ,于发病 3d内升高显著 ;而血清 Vit E、Vit C含量和 SOD活性均低于两个对照组 (P<0 .0 5或P<0 .0 1)。结论 :NO、NOS参与了 CH和 CI脑组织损伤的病理过程 ,检测血清 NO、Vit E、Vit C、MDA含量及NOS、SOD活性有助于判断 CH和 CI患者病变程度和病情进展。     

Decrease in antioxidant status of plasma and erythrocytes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in plasma and erythrocytes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods16 patients with AS and 16 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzymes — (SOD-Mn) and (SOD-ZnCu), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione transferase (GST), as well as the total antioxidant status (TAS) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and/or erythrocytes, respectively were determined.ResultsIn patients with AS, a statistically significant decrease in plasma activity of SOD, SOD-CuZn and TAS, significant drop in activity of SOD, GPx, GST and GR in erythrocytes, as well as increased concentration of MDA in comparison with control group of healthy volunteers was observed.ConclusionDecrease in antioxidant status leading to generation of oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis.     

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plasma levels as a new useful clinical biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease

OBJECTIVES: We wanted to study the imbalance between antioxidant and oxidant generating systems resulting in oxidative stress (SOX) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We suggest that the plasma levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) may be a new, sensitive marker of SOX in this population. DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured the levels of Cu/Zn SOD and the traditional SOX markers-malondialdehyde (MDA), total peroxide, and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL-Ab) in the plasma of 132 uremic patients. In addition, circulating enzyme levels were analyzed in relation to the inflammation and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS: Cu/Zn SOD levels were significantly higher in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients (P < 0.05), and in both dialyzed groups (both P < 0.001) than in controls, and were positively correlated with MDA, creatinine (both P < 0.001) and OxLDL-Ab (P < 0.01) in the whole uremic group. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma levels of Cu/Zn SOD may be a simple, sensitive marker of SOX in ESRD, independent from DM and inflammation.     

Ameliorative effect of statin therapy on oxidative damage in heart tissue of hypercholesterolemic rabbits

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high‐cholesterol diet in the presence and absence of statin on Cu‐Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and nitric oxide (NO) of blood and heart tissue, the antioxidant activity of serum paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1), and on the blood lipid profile of rabbits. The animals were divided into four groups each of which included 10 rabbits. Rabbits in group 1 received a regular rabbit chow diet (normal diet) for 8 weeks; those in group 2 received atorvastatin (0.3 mg atorvastatin per day/kg body weight) for 8 weeks; those in group 3 received high‐cholesterol diet for 8 weeks; and those in group 4 received high‐cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, a high‐cholesterol diet + atorvastatin (0.3 mg atorvastatin per day/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. The parameters were measured by spectrophotometric methods. As expected, the atherogenic diet caused a pronounced increase in lipid profile (not HDL) parameters. Rabbits in group 3 showed higher PCO, MDA, and NO levels in circulating and heart tissue compared to the rabbits in group 1. Atorvastatin has prevented or limited LDL oxidation and has showed constitutively beneficial effects in group 4. Increased LDL‐C, PCO, MDA, and NO levels leading to decreasing PON‐1 activity thus create a predisposition to atherogenesis in this model. But atorvastatin administration partly ameliorated oxidative damage in heart injury of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atorvastatin which functions as a potent antioxidant agent may inhibit this LDL‐C oxidation by increasing PON‐1 activity in atherogenesis.     

Oxidative Stress in Hemodialyzed Patients and the Long-Term Effects of Dialyzer Reuse Practice

Objectives: To investigate the existence of an altered oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients on regular hemodialysis treatment (RHT) and whether there is any effect of dialyzer reuse on oxidative damage and antioxidative mechanism.

Design and methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in both plasma and erythrocytes, plasma selenium (Se) levels, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of RHT patients were determined at the beginning and end of 4-month reuse period.

Results: When compared to healthy controls, both plasma and erythrocyte MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in RHT patients before the dialyzer reuse practice; whereas both plasma and erythrocyte GPx activities, erythrocyte SOD activity, and also plasma Se levels were lower in the same patient group than those of controls. When statistical comparison was made on RHT patients between before and after the reuse period, the decreases in MDA levels but increases in the enzyme activities and also an increase in plasma Se levels were observed after the reuse period. However, erythrocyte SOD activities and plasma Se levels measured after the reuse period were not found to be statistically different from the control values; MDA levels still remained elevated above the control values, and GPx activities were not attained to those of controls, after the reuse practice. In addition, positive correlations were found between activities of erythrocyte SOD and GPx enzymes, between GPx and Se levels and negative correlations between the activities of both enzymes and MDA levels in erythrocytes of patients on RHT.

Conclusion: These findings may indicate that dialyzer reuse may provide, at least partly, an improvement on oxidative stress in patients on RHT.     

Chronic cold exposure affects the antioxidant defense system in various rat tissues

BACKGROUND: Chronic exposure to stress alters the normal body homeostasis and, hence, leads to the development of various human pathologies, which might involve alterations in the antioxidant defense system. We studied the effect of chronic cold exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in various rat tissues. METHODS: Male albino rats (Wistar strain), 2-3 months old, were exposed to 3 weeks of cold treatment. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in addition to the antioxidants, ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and the prooxidants, lipid peroxides (LPO) and xanthine oxidase (XOD), in brain, heart, kidney, liver and small intestine using standard protocols. RESULTS: Chronic cold exposure resulted in a significant increase in LPO in all the tissues studied while XOD was increased in the brain and intestine. Total SOD activity was significantly decreased in all the tissues, whereas CAT activity was significantly increased in the kidney and decreased in heart, liver and intestine in the animals exposed to cold. GPx activity was increased only in the brain and intestine of stressed rats. Chronic cold exposure resulted in significant decrease in GR activity in heart, liver and intestine. GST activity was increased (except heart) and GSH was significantly decreased in all the tissues in treated rats. AsA was increased in kidney and intestine but decreased in heart of stressed animals. CONCLUSIONS: The observed changes in the antioxidant defense system are tissue specific, but it is evident that chronic exposure to cold leads to oxidative stress by displacing the prooxidant-antioxidant balance of this defense system by increasing the prooxidants while depleting the antioxidant capacities.     

Oxidant-antioxidant status of patients with bronchial asthma during inhalation and systemic glucocorticoid therapy

AIM: To study the oxidative-antioxidative status in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and its changes in response to treatment with account for the method of glucocorticoid therapy (GT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients with moderate bronchial asthma (BA) of mixed type were randomized into 2 groups by the method of GT. The patients of Group 1 received oral prednisolone for 20 days, beginning with a dose of 20 mg/day, those of Group 2 also inhaled benacort (400 micrograms twice a day) for 20 days. Admission and discharge measurements were made of overall plasma oxidative activity (OOA) and concentration of thiobarbiturate-reactive products (TBRP); overall antioxidant activity (OAOA), the activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GP) in the red cells. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. RESULTS: In acute active BA, plasma OOA and TBRP levels were high (p < 0.001) while antioxidant defense in the red cells was suppressed: OAOA by 22% (p < 0.05), SOD activity by 41% (p < 0.001), catalase activity by 15% (p < 0.05) and GP by 44% (p < 0.01). GT in Group 1 resulted in clinical improvement associated with low production of free radicals, suppression of intracellular antioxidant defense, in Group 2 clinical improvement was not associated with changes in the oxidative-antioxidative status of BA patients. CONCLUSION: BA patients have a marked imbalance between production of active oxygen forms and activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. This evidences for low adaptive and defense processes leading to the oxidative stress which is one of the leading links in BA pathogenesis. Oral GT reduced extracellular oxidative status, inhibited activity of intracellular antioxidative enzymes. Inhalation GT had no negative systemic action on antioxidant enzymes.     

Superoxide anion radical, lipid peroxides and antioxidant status in the blood of patients with breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical (O2(-)), plays an important role in carcinogenesis. The human body has developed different antioxidant systems to defend against free radical attacks. We investigated the changes of the antioxidant status in the blood of patients with breast cancer. METHODS: The O2(-) generation and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as an index of lipid peroxidation along with the examination of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx), the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and vitamins A, C, and E. RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of O2(-) and MDA, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of the patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than the controls. However, the levels of vitamin C, GSH, GSSG and ratio of GSH/GSSG in the blood of the patients with breast cancer were significantly decreased compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress may be involved in breast cancer. The increased activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory upregulation in response to the increased oxidative stress.     

Determination of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in blood of healthy pediatric subjects

BACKGROUND: Given the growing requirement of antioxidant enzymes measurements in laboratory and the increasing role of SOD/GPx ratio in the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the aim of our study was to contribute to define reference values of enzyme activities in Italian healthy children, by determining SOD in erythrocytes and GPx in whole blood. METHODS: SOD (E.C.1.15.1.1) and GPx (E.C.1.11.1.9) activities were spectrophotometrically assayed in erythrocytes with commercial kits. SOD activity was expressed as the amount of protein causing a 50% inhibition of formazan dye (505 nm), employing xanthine and xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide radicals. Units of GPx activity were calculated following NADPH oxidation at 340 nm using cumene hydroperoxide as the substrate. RESULTS: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed in blood of 45 healthy pediatric subjects (26 males and 19 females between 0 and 14 years of age). We found no significant differences in blood antioxidant enzymes both in all population and when we distributed the subjects for age classes and sex. CONCLUSION: the definition of pediatric values of antioxidant enzyme activities in blood of healthy children may be useful in monitoring SOD and GPx in physiologic and pathologic conditions, also for future therapeutic trials.     

Assessment of paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate antioxidant paraoxonase 1 activity together with malondialdehyde (MDA) (an oxidative stress parameter) levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty-seven rheumatoid arthritis patients were included in the study and subgrouped according to disease activity (active, n = 31; inactive, n = 26) and compared with healthy controls (n = 25). Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and MDA levels were measured according to an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: Serum MDA level was higher (P = 0.001) whereas paraoxonase 1 activity was lower (P = 0.001) in the patient group than the controls. When active and inactive subgroups were compared with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference between each parameter. Serum MDA levels were significantly higher, while paraoxonase 1 activity was lower in the active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis groups than the control group. But there was not any difference between active and inactive patients with RA. There was a negative correlation between MDA levels and paraoxonase 1 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Increased reactive oxygen species levels in rheumatoid arthritis may result in a pro-oxidation environment, which in turn could result in decreased antioxidant paraoxonase 1 activity and increased MDA levels.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化物酶活性的影响

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化物酶活性的影响。方法:检测27例健康成年人静脉血全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)和丙二醛(MDA)的浓度,与慢性肺心病急性加重期组治疗前的此5项指标进行对应比较;选择68例慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者,随机分成两组,试验前均监测静脉血全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性及血浆LPO和MDA的浓度以及右室压(RVP)、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)等血流动力学指标并评价心功能。试验组在给予常规治疗的同时合并给予还原型谷胱甘肽1.2 g/d,稀释后静脉滴注,疗程2周;对照组只给予常规治疗。2周后,复测上述指标,比较各组治疗前后的变化。结果:(1)肺心病急性加重期组的全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性比对照组低,而血浆LPO及MDA的浓度比对照组高(均P<0.05)。(2)还原型谷胱甘肽组试验前后比较,全血SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性明显增高,且血浆LPO和MDA浓度明显降低(均P<0.05);而对照组则无显著变化(P>0.05)。(3)还原型谷胱甘肽组试验前后比较,PVP、mPAP均明显下降(P<0.05);而对照组无显著变化(P>0.05)。(4)还原型谷胱甘肽组心力衰竭纠正的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者机体的抗氧化能力降低,还原型谷胱甘肽可通过提高机体的抗氧化能力,消除氧自由基和脂质过氧化物起到降低肺动脉和右心室压力、纠正心力衰竭的作用。     

Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a rare neoplasm that comprises a substantial proportion of all leukemias in middle-aged persons and is the most common type among elderly persons. The major causes are not known nor is there a detailed understanding about how the elusive origin(s) may relate to clinical expression, basic biological mechanisms, or pathogenesis. METHODS: Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GRD), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activities, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO(*), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured in serum of patients with CLL and a healthy control group. RESULTS: Serum GSH-Px, Cu-Zn SOD activities, GSH concentration were lower in patients with CLL while serum NO(*) and MDA concentrations were higher in these patients compared with the control group. Serum GRD activity was not statistically significant in patients with CLL compared with the control. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters on the basis of stages in these patients. Serum GSH concentration negatively correlated with serum MDA (r=30.63, p<0.05) and NO(*) concentrations (r=0.72, p<0.05) in patients with advanced stage (III+IV). However, no other correlation could be found among the parameters in healthy controls and patients with CLL CONCLUSIONS: There is significant changes in antioxidant defense system in CLL cases, which may lead to enhanced action of oxygen radical, resulting in lipid peroxidation.