Optical coherence tomography angiography in the evaluation of vascular patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia during topical medical treatment

PurposeOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was utilized to examine changes in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) vascular patterns over time in individuals treated with topical medical therapy.MethodsTen individuals with OSSN diagnosed by clinical examination and high resolution (HR)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recruited. All individuals received topical immuno- or chemotherapy. OCTA images were obtained and analyzed at three points: presentation, mid-treatment and tumor resolution. Tumor metrics including tumor area (TA), tumor volume (TV), tumor depth (TD), and total tumor density (TTD) were calculated. Vessel area density (VAD) was also quantified within the OSSN, the subepithelium under and adjacent to the OSSN and the subepithelium of the uninvolved, contralateral eye. Vascular network changes were also subjectively evaluated.ResultsTA, TV, TD and TTD all significantly decreased with time (p < 0.001). The mean VAD within the OSSN significantly decreased (p < 0.001) between visits (presentation: 26.52 ± 6.8%, mid-treatment: 7.19 ± 5.88%, tumor resolution: 0.11 ± 0.34%). The mean subepithelial VAD under the OSSN also decreased with time (23.22 ± 11.03%, 20.99 ± 5.99% and 19.58 ± 7.08%), and after resolution the sub-tumor VAD (19.58 ± 7.08%) was comparable to the subepithelial VAD in the contralateral eye (15.47 ± 4.37%, p > 0.05). The mean VAD in the subepithelium adjacent to the OSSN increased with treatment, then decreased significantly between mid-treatment and resolution (23.26 ± 4.54, 28.30 ± 7.43% and 21.68 ± 6.10%, p = 0.009). Qualitatively, the tumor subepithelial vascular network was complex and dense but with tumor resolution appeared less tortuous and similar to the uninvolved eye.ConclusionOCTA provided insight into the pathophysiology of tumor angiogenesis, showing decreased vascular density and normalization of vascular networks associated with tumor resolution.     

光相干断层扫描技术在眼表鳞状上皮瘤诊疗中的应用及展望

眼前节光相干断层扫描技术(AS-OCT)作为一种无创性检查手段,具有检测肿瘤性上皮病变的巨大潜力。依据AS-OCT上的特征性表现,可在多种眼表疾病中检测出眼表鳞状上皮瘤(OSSN)的存在,其诊断效果堪比病理组织活检。随着技术的发展,AS-OCT成像模式已从时域OCT发展到具有更高外显率和分辨率的频域OCT,其呈现的高质...     

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of ocular surface lesions

PurposeDescribe the utility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) to assess ocular surface lesions.MethodsRetrospective, case-control study of 10 eyes of 9 patients with malignant lesions and 23 eyes of 22 patients with benign lesions. Lesions included 13 epithelial, 10 pigmented and 10 lymphoid lesions. Graders performed an average of 3 depth and diameter measurements of peri-lesional vessels entering each lesion on AS-OCTA. Statistical models to assess differences between groups accounted for bilateral eye inclusion and lesion thickness (on AS-OCT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were performed for each parameter.ResultsIn the benign and malignant groups, age was 49.5 ± 22.4 and 64.3 ± 10.6 years (p = 0.145) with 45% males and 55% males (p = 0.458), in their respective groups. AS-OCTA showed greater peri-lesional vessel depth and diameter in malignant lesions (315.2 ± 73.0 μm, p < 0.001 and 76.4 ± 18.2 μm, p < 0.001; respectively) compared to benign lesions (199.4 ± 34.1 μm and 44.0 ± 9.4 μm, respectively). Malignant lesions showed deep and dilated peri-lesional vessels, which may represent feeder vessels. Vessel depth showed AUC = 0.980, 90.9% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity with a 236.5 μm cutoff. Vessel diameter showed AUC = 0.960, 100.0% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity with a 53.9 μm cutoff.ConclusionAS-OCTA shows greater peri-lesional vessel depth and diameter of malignant lesions compared to benign lesions. This imaging modality provides novel and non-invasive functional vascular parameters that can potentially aid the assessment of ocular surface lesions.     

Role of high resolution optical coherence tomography in diagnosing ocular surface squamous neoplasia with coexisting ocular surface diseases

Purpose

Coexistence of an ocular surface disease can mask the typical features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). The purpose of this study was to evaluate high resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) as an adjunct in the detection and differentiation of OSSN within coexisting ocular surface pathologies.

OCT和OCTA生物学标志物在糖尿病性黄斑水肿预后和监测中的应用

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)是糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的并发症,也是DR患者视力下降和失明的主要原因。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)作为无创、非侵入性评估视网膜各层微结构和微血管病理改变的主要检查手段,是检测和评估DME的常用方法。随着OCT和OCTA技术的不断发展,各种参数被赋予生物标志物的作用,例如中央凹厚度(CST)、黄斑部平均厚度(CAT)和黄斑部容积(CV)、视网膜内层结构紊乱(DRIL)、高反射灶(HRF)和中央凹下神经视网膜脱落(SND)等,广泛运用于临床。OCT可以直观显示黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜的层次变化和细微结构,而OCTA更常运用于微血管改变。本文就OCT及OCTA相关生物学标志物在DME中预后和监测的作用进行阐述,同时检测结果中可见的生物学标志物可以为DME的监测和治疗策略提供新思路,并为DR和DME的发病机制提供新的见解。     

荧光素眼底血管造影和光学相干断层扫描在眼挫伤眼底病变中的临床价值

目的 探讨荧光素眼底血管造影( FFA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)在眼挫伤眼底病变中的临床应用价值.方法 对269例(314眼)的眼球挫伤的FFA和OCT检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 眼球挫伤的FFA及OCT表现有:大致正常、视网膜水肿、出血、前膜、脱离、萎缩、黄斑孔、脉络膜破裂、脉络膜新生血管、视网膜色素上皮病变及视神经病变等.结论 FFA能及时准确地了解眼球挫伤的损伤部位及程度,OCT在活体上能清晰的显示眼挫伤病变类似病理组织的改变,两者相互印证、取长补短,为眼球挫伤眼底病变中的临床诊断及治疗提供依据,具有重要的指导价值,并可较准确的评估其预后.     

Comparison of peripapillary capillary plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal nerve fibre layer analysis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma patients,glaucoma suspects,and healthy subjects

Purpose:To assess the association between radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, glaucoma suspects, and healthy subjects.Methods:In this single-centre cross-sectional observational study, POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy patients underwent OCT-RNFL and optic nerve head angiography scans. The RNFL thickness and the vascular parameters obtained from RPC plexus, including perfusion density (PD), flux index (FI), and vessel density (VD), were analysed.Results:In all, 120 eyes of 120 patients, including 40 POAG patients, 40 glaucoma suspects, and 40 healthy subjects, were included. The pairwise comparison of mean RNFL thickness, FI, and VD showed significant difference (P < 0.001) in all sectors between POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy eyes. However, PD showed no significant difference between glaucoma suspects and healthy eyes. The average RNFL thickness was found to have a better diagnostic ability than VD to distinguish POAG eyes from healthy eyes and glaucoma suspects based on receiver operating characteristics curve and area under the curve. VD had better diagnostic accuracy than RNFL when glaucoma suspects and healthy were compared.Conclusion:OCT-RNFL has better diagnostic capability in differentiating glaucoma from healthy eyes compared to OCTA. However, OCTA was found to be better in screening out glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes. The VD is a better OCTA parameter than FI and PD to differentiate POAG and glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes.     

OCT及OCTA观察垂体腺瘤患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变

目的：应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察垂体腺瘤(PA)患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变。

方法：横断面研究。纳入2021-09/2023-03在广东医科大学附属医院神经外科治疗的PA患者40例作为PA组，另选取年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者42例作为正常对照组，均进行视野、OCT和OCTA检查，并分析PA患者眼部参数的相关性。

结果：PA组患者黄斑区视网膜各层血管密度(VD)均低于正常对照组，且黄斑区浅层血管复合体(SVC)-VD与神经节细胞复合体(mGCC)厚度(除内环鼻侧、外环下方)均呈正相关(P<0.05)，黄斑区各象限mGCC厚度、视盘周围各象限视网膜神经纤维层(CP-RNFL)厚度与视野平均缺损(MD)值均呈负相关(P<0.05)，中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积与MD值呈正相关(P<0.05)。

结论：OCT与OCTA检查相结合可以全面了解PA患者视网膜结构和微循环功能的微观变化，对评估PA患者术前视功能具有重要价值。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像量化分析糖尿病患者黄斑区毛细血管参数

目的：应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)量化2型糖尿病患者黄斑区毛细血管的早期变化。方法：回顾性病例研究。分别纳入49名健康受试者、52例无视网膜病变的2型糖尿病患者(noDR)和43例轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(mNPDR)患者，并得到在黄斑区3 mm×3 mm浅层毛细血管丛和深层毛细血管丛的OCTA图像。去除大血管后分别计算毛细血管灌注密度、血管长度密度(VLD)和平均血管直径(AVD)并进行比较。应用受试者工作特征曲线评估该参数监测2型糖尿病患者视网膜微血管早期改变的能力。结果：比较三组间VLD和AVD，差异均有统计学意义(P&#x003C;0.001)。与健康受试者相比，noDR组的AVD均显著增加(P&#x003C;0.05)。mNPDR组患者深层及浅层的VLD较noDR组显著下降(均P&#x003C;0.01)。深层AVD鉴别noDR组与健康受试者的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.796，鉴别mNPDR组和健康受试者的AUC最高为0.920，其次为深层VLD(AUC=0.899)，显著高于其他参数。结论：在糖尿病视网膜病变的临床前阶段，2型糖尿病患者的深层及浅层AVD均显著高于健康人，VLD均显著高于mNPDR患者。与健康人相比，深度AVD较其他参数更能检出noDR患者早期视网膜毛细血管的变化。     

OCT和OCTA在特发性黄斑前膜术后视力预测中的研究进展

特发性黄斑前膜(IERM)是指一类没有任何已知其他眼病的黄斑前膜,多发于50岁以上的中老年人。随着IERM的进展,会引起黄斑区视网膜结构和功能的改变,引起视力下降、视物变形等症状。目前关于IERM的发病机制尚不明确,手术是主要的治疗方式,但对于手术时机尚未标准化,术后的视力恢复结局也存在差异。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和OCT血管成像(OCTA)作为一种无创、快速的检测手段,可观察黄斑区视网膜微结构和血流变化,已经在临床中广泛应用。利用OCT和OCTA各参数去预测术后视力已经成为IERM的研究热点。本文就OCT与OCTA各参数和IERM术后视力预测的相关研究现状进行综述,以期为临床工作者确定手术时机,权衡手术收益和风险时提供依据。     

Retinal applications of swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized both clinical assessment and research of vitreoretinal conditions. Since then, extraordinary advances have been made in this imaging technology, including the relatively recent development of swept-source OCT (SS-OCT). SS-OCT enables a fast scan rate and utilizes a tunable swept laser, thus enabling the incorporation of longer wavelengths than conventional spectral-domain devices. These features enable imaging of larger areas with reduced motion artifact, and a better visualization of the choroidal vasculature, respectively. Building on the principles of OCT, swept-source OCT has also been applied to OCT angiography (SS-OCTA), thus enabling a non-invasive in depth-resolved imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Despite their advantages, the widespread use of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA remains relatively limited.In this review, we summarize the technical details, advantages and limitations of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA, with a particular emphasis on their relevance for the study of retinal conditions. Additionally, we comprehensively review relevant studies performed to date to the study of retinal health and disease, and highlight current gaps in knowledge and opportunities to take advantage of swept source technology to improve our current understanding of many medical and surgical chorioretinal conditions. We anticipate that SS-OCT and SS-OCTA will continue to evolve rapidly, contributing to a paradigm shift to more widespread adoption of new imaging technology to clinical practice.     

应用OCTA观察青少年近视患者配戴角膜塑形镜后眼底微循环的变化

目的:应用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察青少年近视患者配戴角膜塑形镜后眼底微循环的变化。方法:前瞻性研究。收集2021-04/2022-06于我院就诊并选择角膜塑形镜矫正视力的中低度青少年近视患者40例40眼,分别于戴镜前、戴镜后1、3、6mo评估裸眼远视力、眼轴,并采用OCTA观察视网膜浅层血流密度(SVD)和深层血流密度(DVD)、视网膜厚度(CRT)、中心凹无血管区面积(FAZ-A)和周长(FAZ-P)、视神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度、盘周放射状毛细血管血流密度(RPCD)变化情况。结果:戴镜后1、3、6mo,纳入患者裸眼远视力较戴镜前显著改善(P<0.001),眼轴长度无显著变化(P>0.05)。戴镜前后,纳入患者中心凹象限SVD、中心凹和下方象限DVD均有差异(P<0.01),但CRT、FAZ-A和FAZ-P、RNFL厚度、RPCD均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:低中度青少年近视患者配戴角膜塑形镜可显著改善视力,黄斑区局部视网膜血流密度增加。     

相干光断层扫描血管造影在青光眼诊断中的应用

许多证据表明血管功能障碍对青光眼的发生发展具有促进作用.相干光断层扫描血管造影(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)作为一种快速、无创的血管成像技术,实现了视网膜和脉络膜各层微循环的分层成像,量化病灶血管密度和血流指数,弥补了传统相干光断层扫描技术(optical...     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术在青光眼诊治中的研究进展

青光眼是全球不可逆盲的主要原因,但其具体的病理生理学仍不太清楚.目前认为血液动力学改变是青光眼病理生理学的关键因素之一.光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)是一种新的成像技术,使视网膜和脉络膜毛细血管可视化,并使用新颖的算法生成高分辨率图像、量化视网膜和脉络膜的血管密度和血流.本文对OCTA测量视网膜血管密度的变化在青光眼诊治中的研究进展进行综述,为临床使用OCTA诊断青光眼、评价病情严重程度提供参考.     

青少年型视网膜劈裂症的荧光素眼底血管造影和光相干断层扫描检查

目的 观察青少年型视网膜劈裂症的荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)与光相干断层扫描(0CT)图像特征。 方法 对临床诊断为青少年型视网膜劈裂症的7例14只眼拍摄彩色眼底图像，其中5例10只眼进行FFA检查，6例12只眼进行黄斑部OCT检查。 结果检眼镜检查黄斑部有微囊样改变的8只眼FFA表现为分布不均的颗粒状透见荧光，部分密集呈条状或块状，形态与眼底表现的微囊样改变无确定对应性；眼底检查2只眼黄斑部表现为色素紊乱者，FFA表现为斑驳状荧光；3只眼颞下方劈裂的视网膜FFA表现为程度不同的毛细血管扩张，片状无灌注区，劈裂起始处可见斑驳状荧光。OCT检查显示黄斑部神经上皮层增厚，层间分离，呈大小不等的囊样低反光区。 结论 青少年型视网膜劈裂症黄斑部视网膜劈裂处有色素上皮的增生与脱失，FFA表现为颗粒状透见荧光，OCT表现为囊样低反光区。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：5-7）     

手术切除眼表面鳞状细胞性肿物29例临床分析

目的 提高对眼表面鳞状细胞肿物的诊断和治疗水平。方法 对我院1988年5月—2001年10月手术切除的29例眼表面鳞状细胞肿物进行临床分析。结果 本组病例中男性多见(69％)，病变好发于角膜缘部(62．1％)，可分为：良性病变(14例，48．3％)，包括鳞状细胞良性增生、鳞状细胞乳头状瘤；交界性病变(6例，20．7％)，主要是非典型性增生；恶性病变(9例，31．0％，)，包括原位癌、浸润性鳞状细胞癌3大类。手术完整切除是治疗的主要手段。结论 对眼表鳞状细胞肿物早期的正确诊断、合理的手术设计是治疗本病的关键。