老年患者髋部骨折合并糖尿病手术治疗

目的探讨老年髋部骨折合并糖尿病患者的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法选取该院2012年1月—2013年12月接收的老年人髋部骨折合并糖尿病患者64例,对其进行糖尿病控制及手术治疗,然后观察其疗效。结果 64例患者经手术治疗后其优良率为79.69%;其中出现感染的患者有5例(7.81%),均经对症处理后恢复,且无一例患者发生死亡。结论对老年人髋部骨折合并糖尿病者,先进行良好的血糖控制,后联合手术治疗,可取得显著的治疗效果,值得临床推广和应用。     

低剂量右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼对老年髋部骨折手术患者术后疼痛应激及认知损伤的影响

目的 分析老年髋部骨折手术后持续泵注低剂量右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼对患者疼痛、应激反应及认知损伤的影响.方法 选择2017年2月至2020年2月符合条件的202例老年髋部骨折手术患者,依随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,每组101例.对照组术后静脉镇痛泵持续泵注舒芬太尼注射液0.03μg/(kg·h),观察组术后静脉镇痛泵...     

老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者疼痛心理弹性与疼痛灾难化的相关性研究

目的 调查老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(CMP)患者疼痛心理弹性和疼痛灾难化的现状,探讨二者间的关系。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2021年12月—2022年3月于西部战区总医院就诊的164例老年CMP患者作为调查对象。调查内容包括一般资料、疼痛程度和疼痛干扰、疼痛心理弹性、疼痛灾难化。分析疼痛心理弹性和疼痛灾难化的关系。结果 患者疼痛心理弹性总分为(33.13±9.13)分,疼痛灾难化总分为(26.02±10.11)分,疼痛心理弹性总分及各维度得分与疼痛灾难化总分及各维度得分呈负相关(r<0,P<0.01)。分层回归分析结果提示,性别、居住地、患慢性病数量、疼痛干扰、疼痛心理弹性是老年CMP患者疼痛灾难化的影响因素(P<0.05),疼痛心理弹性能独立解释其变异的17.6%。结论 老年CMP患者疼痛心理弹性与疼痛灾难化呈负相关性,是疼痛灾难化的影响因素,因此提高患者疼痛心理弹性水平可能有助于降低疼痛灾难程度。     

心理干预对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后疼痛的影响

目的探讨心理干预对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后疼痛的影响。方法选择80例接受股骨颈骨折手术的老年患者,随机分为干预组和对照组各40例。对照组给予常规的心理帮助;心理干预组在对照组的基础上,增加有针对性的心理干预。比较两组患者术后自觉疼痛情况。结果术后两组患者疼痛程度间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论有针对性的心理干预可减轻老年股骨颈骨折患者术后自觉疼痛,有利于患者康复。     

渐进性抗阻训练对老年骨质疏松性髋部周围骨折患者骨密度及疼痛评分的影响

目的 探讨渐进性抗阻训练对老年骨质疏松性髋部周围骨折患者骨密度及疼痛评分的影响。方法 120例老年骨质疏松性髋部周围骨折患者根据治疗方法随机分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组接受常规下肢功能锻炼指导,观察组在此基础上联合进行渐进性下肢抗阻训练。结果 治疗后两组股骨颈骨密度、Ward三角骨密度及大转子骨密度均明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后两组抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)、Ⅰ型原胶原分子N-端前肽(PINP)及尿羟脯氨酸(HOP)水平明显降低,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组疼痛评分明显降低,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.001);两组跌倒次数明显减少,且观察组明显少于对照组(P<0.001)。结论 渐进性抗阻训练对老年骨质疏松性髋部周围骨折患者可明显增加骨密度,降低患者疼痛感,是治疗老年骨质疏松的有效方案。     

老年髋部骨折患者的腰椎和股骨近端骨密度的比较

目的 通过比较老年髋部骨折患者的腰椎和股骨近端骨密度值,试图找出对于髋部骨折的更具有密切相关性的骨密度测定部位.方法 采用双能骨密度仪对102名65岁以上老年髋部骨折患者入院后2周内的脊柱和髋部两个部位骨密度测定,对组间和组内数据分别进行分散分析和t检验的统计学处理.结果髋部的骨密度无论在男性和女性组均比腰椎的骨密度要低,有非常显著差异(P<0.001).女性组的髋部及腰椎骨密度要比男性组为低,有非常显著差异(P<0.001).无论男性还是女性髋部骨折患者其腰椎的骨密度均无显著下降.结论 在老年髋部骨折患者测定股骨近端的骨密度值更能反映其实际骨质疏松情况.     

老年髋部骨折患者术前血清白蛋白及淋巴细胞总数改变对其预后的影响

目的：探讨术前血清白蛋白（ALB）及淋巴细胞总数（TLC）改变对老年髋部骨折预后的影响。方法回顾性地分析2006年7月至2010年12月在解放军总医院行手术治疗老年髋部骨折的640例患者的临床资料。分别于入院时检测ALB和TLC。临床随访指标包括患者住院时间、住院并发症、住院死亡率、术后3个月死亡率、术后12个月死亡率。将所得资料行多因素统计分析,评价ALB和TLC的变化对患者预后的临床意义。结果640例患者中低ALB患者283例（44.2%）,低TLC患者435例（68%）。ALB和TLC均低于正常值者,术后并发症发生率为13.3%,住院死亡率、术后3个月死亡率、术后1年死亡率分别为4.2%、6.7%、16.7%,均明显高于其他各组（P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示ALB及TLC可作为老年髋部骨折患者死亡风险的预测因素。结论老年髋部骨折患者入院时营养不良可预测术后不良临床结局, ALB及TLC可以作为患者营养不良及不良临床结局的预测因素。     

老年患者髋部骨折手术的麻醉

随着社会的进步,医药卫生事业的发展,人口老龄化的问题日益突出,随之而来的老年髋部骨折患者也逐渐增多,且已经成为一项公众的健康问题,亟待解决.由于这些老年患者往往伴有高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、呼吸功能不全等合并症,且各脏器机能均不同程度衰退,故其围术期死亡率高,早期采取手术治疗可以降低死亡率.然而接受手术治疗的患者,尤其是80岁及以上的高龄患者,其麻醉、手术风险也相对较高.     

老年髋部骨折早期手术干预对认知功能的影响

<正>由于非手术治疗的并发症发生率高,严重影响老年髋部骨折患者的生活质量及生命,故非手术治疗已经放弃~(〔1〕),但是随之而来的术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的比例也逐渐增加。术后POCD原因目前不明,但认为手术刺激是一个因素~(〔2〕),本文旨在探讨老年髋部骨折的早期手术干预对POCD的影响。     

老年髋部骨折患者围手术期Orem护理

2007年1月-2008年11月,本院共收治老年髋部骨折患者70例,围手术期实施Orem护理，效果良好。现报告如下。 临床资料：本组70例患者中，男32例、女38例，年龄60—92岁。股骨粗隆间骨折左侧23例、右侧15例；股骨颈骨折左侧20例、右侧12例。合并高血压22例、糖尿病8例、心功能异常10例、肝肾功能异常25例。     

Persistent pain in frail older adults after hip fracture repair

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with persistent hip pain in elderly hip fracture patients with physical frailty. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Community-based study conducted at academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-eight men and women (mean age+/-standard deviation 80+/-7 years) with a recent hip fracture (mean 14.5+/-4.8 weeks after hip fracture repair) and physical frailty, defined as a modified Physical Performance Test Score between 12 and 28, enrolled in an exercise intervention trial. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variable was self-report of moderate to severe regional hip pain in the week preceding the baseline interview. Independent variables were self-reported demographic information, health characteristics, and activity of daily living (ADL) function; Yesavage Mood Score (YMS); 36-item Short Form percentile scores; and objective measurements of lower extremity strength, range of motion, balance, and gait. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of the sample reported moderate or severe hip pain at the baseline assessment. Moderate/severe pain was related to difficulty with ADL performance and multiple measures of quality of life. Variables independently associated with moderate/severe hip pain were frequency of pain medication use (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=5.75, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.23-14.82, P=.003), YMS score (AOR=2.69, 95% CI=1.18-6.12, P=.02), and knee extension at 60 degrees /s in the fractured limb (AOR=0.96, 95% CI=0.92-1.0, P=.05, model coefficient of determination=0.34). CONCLUSION: Persistent hip pain is a frequent symptom in frail elderly community-dwelling hip fracture patients. Pain medication use, symptoms of depression, and skeletal muscle weakness of the fractured leg are independent correlates of moderate to severe hip pain in this patient population. Clinicians should assess for, and address, persistent pain in this patient population.     

老年髋部骨折围术期风险及术后1年效果评估

目的：了解老年髋部骨折患者围术期情况及术后1年结局并探讨进一步降低手术风险、提高手术疗效的可能措施。方法回顾性地分析复旦大学附属华东医院2010年1月～12月因髋部骨折住院并施行手术治疗的老年患者234例（年龄≥60岁）,通过病史查阅及电话随访,记录患者年龄、性别、髋部骨折类型、手术前后营养状况（BMI、血浆白蛋白水平、血红蛋白水平）、日常生活能力、认知功能、主要伴发疾病、手术方式、麻醉方式、术后并发症等。结果（1）老年人占髋部骨折总数92.36%（278/301）,女性多于男性。（2）术前身体状况多处于ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级之间,认知功能多在正常或轻度减退,心功能多在NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级;术前主要营养指标均处于正常值低限;高血压病、心血管病、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺部感染等是常见伴发疾病。（3）术后30d及1年的死亡率分别为2.99%和13.68%;术后生活自理能力完全恢复、部分恢复及无改善的患者各占64.32%,25.55%和10.13%;骨折类型、骨折前患者BMI、手术类型、术后并发症及术前身体状况对手术效果具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。结论老年髋部骨折应及时进行手术治疗,充分进行多学科评估和术前准备,选择合适的手术及麻醉方式,加强围术期管理,降低术后潜在并发症。     

Best practices for elderly hip fracture patients

OBJECTIVES: To determine evidence-based best practices for elderly hip fracture patients from the time of hospital admission to 6 months postfracture. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, Ageline, NARIC, and CIRRIE databases were searched for potentially eligible articles published between 1985 and 2004. REVIEW METHODS: Two independent reviewers determined studies appropriate for inclusion using standardized selection criteria, extracted data, evaluated internal validity, and then rated studies according to levels of evidence. Only Level 1 or 2 evidence was included in our summary of clinical recommendations. RESULTS: Spinal anesthesia, pressure-relieving mattresses, perioperative antibiotics, and deep vein thromboses prophylaxes had consistent evidence of benefit. Routine preoperative traction was not associated with any benefits and should be abandoned. Types of surgical management, postoperative wound drainage, and even "multidisciplinary" care, lacked sufficient evidence to determine either benefit or harm. There was little evidence to either determine best subacute rehabilitation practices or to direct ongoing medical issues (e.g., nutrition). Studies conducted during the subacute recovery period were heterogeneous in terms of treatment settings, interventions, and outcomes studied and had no clear evidence for best treatment practices. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for perioperative practices is relatively robust and evidence-based perioperative treatment guidelines can be easily established. Conversely, more evidence is required to better guide the care of elderly patients with hip fracture during the subacute recovery period and convalescence.     

老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症与骨密度的关系

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症(sarcopenia)及与骨密度下降的关系。方法 113例65岁的老年髋部骨折患者(骨折组)纳入本研究,男性67例,女性46例;同期非髋部骨折老年患者1 321例作为对照组,男性654例,女性667例。所有患者均用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)检测全身身体组成成分(骨量、肌肉含量,脂肪含量)。肌肉减少症的诊断标准:骨骼肌重量指数(SMI)(肢体骨骼肌重量/身高平方,kg/m2)低于同人种健康成年人1个标准差为1级肌肉减少症(class 1),低于2个标准差为2级肌肉减少症(class 2)。根据以上标准将受试者分为肌量正常组:男性SMI7.01 kg/m2,女性SMI5.42 kg/m2;class 1组:男性SMI 6.09~7.01 kg/m2,女性SMI 4.80~5.42 kg/m2;class2组:男性SMI≤6.08 kg/m2,女性SMI≤4.79 kg/m2。分析不同组老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症的检出率。结果老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症检出率明显高于同性别类似年龄人群:骨折组男性肌肉减少症检出率(62.6%)与对照组男性肌肉减少症检出率(12.8%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001),骨折组女性肌肉减少症检出率(13.0%)与非骨折组女性肌肉减少症检出率(4.1%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001);老年女性髋部骨折患者中肌量正常者24例(52.1%),Class 1级者16例(34.7%),Class 2级者6例(13.0%);骨骼肌重量指数与股骨颈骨密度和全身骨密度呈正相关。老年男性髋部骨折患者中肌量正常者9例(13.4%),Class 1级者16例(23.8%),Class 2级者42例(62.6%),骨骼肌重量指数与BMI呈正相关,与年龄呈负相关。结论老年髋部骨折患者肌肉减少症检出率明显高于同龄非骨折者,男性肌少症检出率高于女性。老年女性髋部骨折患者的骨骼肌重量指数与股骨颈和全身骨密度呈正相关,老年男性髋部骨折患者骨骼肌重量指数则与骨密度无明显相关性。应关注骨折患者肌肉减少症的防治。     

丹红注射液在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者术后治疗中的应用

目的探讨丹红注射液在老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者术后治疗中的应用效果。 方法选择2018年3月至2020年3月在北海市中医医院手术治疗的老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者80例,术后使用骨肽注射液治疗40例（对照组）,在此基础上加用丹红注射液治疗40例（观察组）。治疗6周后比较两组患者的临床疗效以及炎症水平、凝血功能和骨代谢水平的差异。计量资料的比价采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ²检验。 结果观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组（χ²=4.114,P < 0.05）,骨折愈合时间明显短于对照组（t=6.397,P < 0.05）。治疗后观察组白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显均低于对照组（t=9.542、20.654、20.250,P<0.05）,活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间均较对照组进一步改善（t=5.103、5.548、6.783,P<0.05）,骨钙素、骨碱性磷酸酶水平明显高于对照组（t=4.542、4.092,P<0.05）,Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽水平明显低于对照组（t=4.099,P<0.05）。 结论老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折患者术后应用丹红注射液能进一步增强疗效、降低炎症因子水平、改善凝血功能及骨代谢。     

Functional recovery after hip fracture in old-old elderly patients

Hip fracture is epidemic and prevalence increased with advanced age. Impact of comorbid and cognitive status, gender, type of fracture, operative delay and pre-fracture ambulatory levels on functional outcome was shown in previous studies. We studied functional outcome after rehabilitation for hip fracture in old-old elderly (85 years and older) and compared it to young elderly (65–74 years) community-dwelling patients. Before the fracture, old-old elderly patients were more functional dependent, has had more comorbid diseases, and more of them live alone than young elderly. The waiting time to surgery and mean length of stay in orthopedic ward were longer than in young elderly. On admission to rehabilitation treatment, old-old patients presented with more depressed mood, were more cognitive impaired, and more suffer from pain. Old-old patients presented with laboratory data of malnutrition (decreased serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte count) and inflammation (increased of transferrin and C-reactive protein). Improvement in Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scale was found in both groups but significantly better in young elderly than in old-old elderly. The change in FIM during the rehabilitation period (ΔFIM) were in FIM total and in those parts of FIM concerning locomotion. The mean duration of rehabilitation stay was significantly longer in old-old elderly patients. On discharge old-old elderly patients more suffer from pain and difference between the groups according to the laboratory and to the cognitive data increased. Age per se is indicator of frailty and determinate functional recovery after hip fracture.