术前类固醇应用史对选择性前路腰椎融合术围手术期并发症的影响

目的 探讨术前类固醇应用史对选择性前路腰椎融合术(anterior lumbar fusion,ALF)围手术期并发症的影响.方法 选择2015年1月～2020年1月在本院行ALF、术前类固醇应用史的112例患者资料作为研究组,抽取同期在本院行ALF、无术前类固醇应用史的患者112例作为对照组.对两组患者的围手术期并发...     

后路椎间融合术和经椎间孔入路融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床比较

目的比较研究经椎间孔入路和后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效、植骨融合率及术后并发症。方法 31例腰椎滑脱症的患者行椎间融合术附加双侧椎弓根螺钉固定术,PLIF组16例,TLIF组15例,比较两组的手术时间、术后并发症、临床疗效满意率和植骨融合率等。结果所有患者伤口均一期愈合。术后神经根痛加剧:PLIF组有3例,TLIF组1例。术中硬膜囊撕裂:PLIF组1例,TLIF组未出现该并发症。PLIF组临床疗效优良率为85.1%,而TLIF组优良率为90.2%,两者无显著性差异(P0.05)。植骨融合率:PLIF组植骨融合率为93.4%,TLIF组植骨融合率94.1%,两者无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 PLIF和TLIF是治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效方法,两者在临床疗效满意率和植骨融合率方面没有显著性差异,但是在手术时间、创伤、并发症等方面,TLIF组明显优于PLIF。     

颈前路椎体间不同融合固定手术的疗效分析

目的:探讨3种不同颈前路椎体间植骨融合固定手术的疗效。方法:83例颈前路手术,男38例,女45例;年龄48~86岁,平均69岁。最高融合椎间隙为C3,4,最低为C7T1;单节段固定48例,双节段固定26例,3节段固定9例;椎体间自体植骨(Robingson植骨)融合固定(A组)46例,椎体间钛网植骨融合固定(Pyramesh)(B组)21例,颈椎间植骨融合器(BAK)固定(C组)16例。结果:83例术后随访6~24个月,平均12个月。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准,术后JOA评分12~17分,平均16.1分,在5个月内评分不断提高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。骨性愈合时间13~18周。结论:Robingson植骨对颈椎稳定性和骨性融合较可靠,但有增加手术切口和可能发生取骨区并发症的缺点,BAK椎体间融合固定手术的技术要求高,易发生融合器内陷椎间隙高度丢失,Pyramesh融合手术无前者缺陷,不但颈椎稳定性和骨性融合可靠,且手术适应证更广,操作安全简单,但经济费用较高。     

Outcomes with direct-acting oral anticoagulants in patients with a history of bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundPatients who undergo bariatric surgery have major physiologic changes in their gastrointestinal tract, which can theoretically alter drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. This is especially concerning for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, as small changes in absorption can have significant effects on safety and efficacy. One class of interest is direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), for which there is a paucity of data in this population.ObjectiveTo characterize the use of DOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban) in patients with a history of bariatric surgery and incidence of clotting and bleeding events.SettingPublic healthcare system/university hospital, United States.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adult patients who were prescribed a DOAC for the prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolism or for stroke and systemic embolism prevention in atrial fibrillation between January 2011 and December 2018.ResultsA total of 191 patients with a history of bariatric surgery were included. Clotting events occurred in 11 of 191 patients (5.8%) receiving DOAC therapy, with a calculated clotting rate of 3.9 clots per 100 person-years. Bleeding events occurred in 42 of 191 patients (22%) receiving a DOAC, with a calculated bleeding rate of 17.1 bleeds per 100 person-years. The use of rivaroxaban versus apixaban was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of bleeding in patients with a history of bariatric surgery.ConclusionIn this retrospective cohort of bariatric surgery patients receiving DOACs, we found clotting rates consistent with expected rates and bleeding rates above expected rates based on historical data. We also found an increased risk of bleeding in rivaroxaban users compared with apixaban users. Careful evaluation of bleeding risks in bariatric surgery patients is encouraged.     

Association of two-staged surgery with systemic perioperative complications in lateral lumbar interbody fusion for adult spinal deformity: a propensity score-weighted study

Purpose

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery carries a higher risk of perioperative systemic complications. However, evidence for the effect of planned two-staged surgery on the incidence of perioperative systemic complications is scarce. Here, we evaluated the effect of two-staged surgery on perioperative complications following ASD surgery using lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).

Methods

The study was conducted under a retrospective multi-center cohort design. Data on 293 consecutive ASD patients (107 in the two-staged group and 186 in the one-day group) receiving corrective surgery using LLIF between 2012 and 2021 were collected. Clinical outcomes included occurrence of perioperative systemic complications, reoperation, and intraoperative complications, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion, and length of hospital stay. The analysis was conducted using propensity score (PS)-stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting to adjust for confounding factors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a PS-weighted cohort.

Results

In this cohort, 19 (18.4%) patients in the two-staged group and 43 (23.1%) patients in the one-day group experienced any systemic perioperative complication within 30 days following ASD surgery. In the PS-weighted cohort, compared with the patients undergoing one-day surgery, no association with the risk of systemic perioperative complications was seen in patients undergoing two-staged surgery (PS-weighted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.37–1.63; p = 0.51).

Conclusion

Our study suggested that two-staged surgery was not associated with risk for perioperative systemic complications following ASD surgery using LLIF.

     

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective propensity-matched cohort study

BACKGROUNDThe enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach which has been shown to facilitate recovery of physiological function, and reduce postoperative pain, complication rates, and length of stay without adversely affecting readmission rates. Design and implementation of ERAS protocols in the recent spine surgery literature has primarily focused on patients undergoing minimally invasive lumbar surgery. However, conventional open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) remains a common procedure and to date there are no studies assessing an ERAS protocol in this patient population.PURPOSEThis study presents a single surgeon experience implementing an ERAS protocol in patients undergoing 1- or 2-level open TLIF.STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGRetrospective consecutive patient cohort with controls propensity-matched for age, body mass index, sex, and smoking status.PATIENT SAMPLEConsecutive patients that underwent 1- or 2-level open TLIF for degenerative disease from 12/2018 – 02/2021 and controls from 12/2011-12/2017 by a single surgeon. ERAS was implemented in December 2018.OUTCOME MEASURESPrimary: length of stay; Secondary: first day to ambulate, first day to bowel movement, first day to void, daily average and maximum pain scores, opioid use, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission rate, and re-operations.METHODSDemographic, perioperative, clinical, radiographic data were collected. Multivariate mixed-linear regression models were developed for length of stay, physiological function, pain scales, and opiate use.RESULTSThere were 114 patients included with 57 in each cohort. After propensity matching, patient characteristics were similar between groups. Operative time decreased significantly after institution of ERAS (170±44 vs. 141±37 minutes, p <.0001) as did length of stay (4.6±1.7 vs. 3.6±1.6 days, p<.0001). First day of ambulation, bowel movement, and bladder voiding improved by 0.8 (p<.0001), 0.7 (p=.008), and 0.8 (p<.0001) days, respectively, in the ERAS cohort. Total daily intravenous morphine milligram equivalent (MME) (8±9 vs. 36±38, p<0.0001) and total 72-hour MME consumption (53±33 vs. 68±48, p<.0001) was significantly lower in the ERAS cohort; however, 72-hour MME consumption was not found to be significantly different in a sensitivity analysis controlling for preoperative MME. Average daily pain scores were similar between groups.CONCLUSIONSConsistent with other studies demonstrating benefit of an ERAS protocol for minimally invasive spine procedures, ERAS was associated with decreased operative time, reduced length of stay, decrease in IV opioid consumption, and improved physiological outcomes for open 1- and 2-level TLIF. ERAS can be a potentially effective strategy for improving patient outcome and efficiency of healthcare resources for common conventional spinal surgeries such as open TLIF.     

Comparison of perioperative complications in anterior decompression with fusion and posterior decompression with fusion for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament -a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide inpatient database

BackgroundThoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) is a rare disease, which can cause spinal cord compression leading to various neurological symptoms. There are limited treatment options for T-OPLL, surgery is generally considered the only effective treatment. However, few studies have investigated surgical complications in patients with T-OPLL, and there are no data regarding surgical risks in anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) when compared with posterior decompression with fusion (PDF) for T-OPLL.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed as T-OPLL and underwent ADF via the anterior approach and PDF via the posterior approach from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018, were extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database. We analyzed perioperative systemic and local complication rates after ADF and PDF and compared them using propensity score matching (PSM) method. In each of the two groups, we investigated the details of length of stay, costs, mortality, and discharge destination.ResultsIn total 1344 patients (ADF: 88 patients, PDF: 1256 patients), 176 patients were investigated after PSM (88 pairs). While the incidence of overall systemic complication was significantly higher in the ADF group (ADF/PDF: 25.0%/8.0%, P = 0.002), there was no significant difference in the overall local complication rate (15.9%/19.3%, P = 0.55). Specifically, respiratory complications were more frequently observed in the ADF group (9.1%/0%, P = 0.004), however, other systemic and local complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. The length of stay was 1.7 times longer (P < 0.001) and the medical costs were 1.4 times higher (P < 0.001) in patients with perioperative complications, compared to those without perioperative complications.ConclusionWe demonstrated the perioperative complications of ADF and PDF in patients with T-OPLL using a large national database. ADF showed a higher incidence of respiratory complications. Development of perioperative complications was associated with longer hospital stay and higher medical costs.     

Predictive ability of perioperative atrial fibrillation risk indices in cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective cohort study

Purpose

The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) AFRisk index predicts postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery, but requires pre-, intra-, and postoperative data. Other more abbreviated risk indices exist, but there is no consensus on which risk index is optimal. We compared the discriminatory capacity of the McSPI AFRisk index with three indices containing only preoperative data (the CHA₂DS₂Vasc score, POAF score, and Kolek clinical risk prediction model), hypothesizing that the McSPI AFRisk index would have superior predictive capacity.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 783 patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. The predictive capacity of each index was assessed by comparing receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, scaled Brier scores, net reclassification indices, and the integrated discrimination indices.

Results

The incidence of POAF was 32.6%. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve were 0.77, 0.58, 0.66, and 0.66 for the McSPI AFRisk index, CHA₂DS₂Vasc score, POAF score, and Kolek clinical risk prediction model, respectively. The McSPI AFRIsk index had the highest AUC (P < 0.0001). The scaled Brier scores for the McSPI AFRisk index, CHA₂DS₂Vasc score, POAF score, and Kolek clinical risk prediction model were 0.23, 0.02, 0.08, and 0.07, respectively. Both net reclassification indices and integrated discrimination indices showed that the McSPI AFRisk index more appropriately identified patients at high risk of POAF.

Conclusions

The McSPI AFRisk index showed superior ability to predict POAF after cardiac surgery compared with three other indices. When clinicians and investigators wish to measure the risk of POAF after cardiac surgery, they should consider using the McSPI AFRisk index.

     

Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective matched cohort study

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is presumed to be a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality, but the current evidence is incomplete. This retrospective matched cohort study tested the hypothesis that OSA is a risk factor for the development of postoperative complications.

Methods

Hospital ethics approval was obtained for the conduct of this study. The patients who were selected for the study were >18 yr of age, diagnosed preoperatively with OSA, and scheduled to undergo elective surgery. A cohort of surgical patients without OSA was used as a comparator group based on a one-to-one match. Matching criteria included gender, age difference <5 yr, type of surgery, and a <5 yr difference between two surgery dates. Summary data are presented and conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications.

Results

The 240 pairs of study subjects aged 57 ± 13 yr included 184 (77%) males and 56 (23%) females. The OSA patients had a higher mean body mass index relative to their non-OSA counterparts (35 ± 9 vs 28 ± 6 kg · m^?2, respectively) and a higher frequency of co-morbidities, including hypertension (48% vs 36%, respectively) and obesity (61% vs 23%, respectively). Also, the incidence of postoperative complications in the OSA patients was significantly greater (44% OSA group vs 28% non-OSA group; P < 0.05). The most commonly observed between-group difference was oxygen desaturation < 90% (17% OSA group vs 8% non-OSA group). The OSA patients who did not use home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices prior to surgery but required the use of a CPAP device after surgery had the highest rate of complications. Conditional logistic regression was used to diagnose OSA and pre-existing stroke as significant risk factors for developing postoperative complications. The hazard ratio for OSA was 2.0 (1.25–3.19).

Conclusion

Patients with diagnosed OSA have an increased incidence of postoperative complications, the most frequent being oxygen desaturation.     

A retrospective cohort study of perioperative management on the morbidity of urogynecologic surgery

Introduction and hypothesis

To determine whether premenopausal and early (<70) and late postmenopausal women whose comorbidities were screened and managed using a standardized protocol experienced comparable perioperative complications after urogynecologic surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all women who presented for surgical management of their pelvic floor disorders over 4.5?years for any complications, which occurred intraoperatively to 6?weeks postoperatively.

Results

Late postmenopausal women underwent more vaginal (100/124, 159/246, and 226/288, p?p?p?P?p?P?=?0.789).

Conclusions

With standardized screening and management, our premenopausal and early and late postmenopausal women experienced similar perioperative complications.     

Outcomes of posterolateral versus BAK titanium cage interbody lumbar fusion in injured workers: a retrospective cohort study

Lumbar fusion has been criticized for variable patient outcomes, though little is known regarding how outcomes vary across procedures. We examined outcomes of posterolateral versus BAK interbody lumbar fusion in workers' compensation cases. A medical record review and a follow-up survey were completed. The sample included 185 posterolateral and 185 lumbar interbody fusions. An outcome survey was conducted an average of 5 years after surgery. Arthrodesis rates, satisfaction, function, and health were better for the BAK interbody lumbar fusion cohort. Results suggest greater efficacy of the BAK interbody approach over posterolateral approaches to lumbar fusion in compensated patients.     

Peritoneal dialysis patients with abdominal hernia or hydrocele: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Objective To retrospectively analyze the incidence, influencing factors and clinical outcomes of abdominal hernia or hydrocele in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods Based on the retrospective cohort of PD in Peking University First Hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 July 2019, baseline data including demographic characteristics as well as blood biochemical data and residual renal functions were collected, with the occurrence of abdominal hernia or hydrocele recorded during follow-up. Patients were divided into abdominal hernia and/or hydrocele group and control group according to whether abdominal hernia and/or hydrocele occurred during follow-up. The differences in clinical manifestations between the two groups were compared. Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of abdominal hernia or hydrocele in PD patients. Results A total of 1 291 PD patients were enrolled, with age of (56.2±15.1) years. Of them, 50.9% were male, 39.6% had diabetes mellitus and 16.3% had the history of operation in abdomen. During the follow-up of 30.1(13.2, 61.7) months, a total of 54 patients (4.2%) developed abdominal hernia or hydrocele (incidence rate 0.012 per patient year), including 46(85.2%) abdominal hernias and 8(14.8%) hydroceles. Compared to the control group, the proportion of males, Karnofsky performance status score and hand grip strength were significantly higher in the abdominal hernia and/or hydrocele group (P＜0.05, respectively). Male gender was the independent influencing factor for hernia or hydrocele formation during PD (HR=8.368, 95%CI 2.413-29.016, P=0.001). Among the patients with abdominal hernia or hydrocele, there were 41(75.9%) patients continued the PD after receiving hernia repair or repair of the testicular sheath membrane operations, 2(4.9%) patients recurred in the follow-up of 25.3(10.4, 39.7) months, 8(14.8%) patients gave up surgery and transferred to hemodialysis, and 5(9.3%) patients received conservative treatment and continued the PD. Conclusion The incidence rate of abdominal hernia or hydrocele in PD patients of our center is 4.2%, which is lower than that in previous studies, and 75.9% patients receiving repair operations have favorable prognosis.     

Perioperative complications of anterior cervical decompression with fusion in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a retrospective, multi-institutional study

BackgroundAnterior decompression with fusion (ADF) for patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is reportedly associated with a higher incidence of complications than is laminoplasty. However, the frequency of perioperative complications associated with ADF for cervical OPLL has not been fully established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of perioperative complications, especially neurological complications, following ADF performed to relieve compressive cervical myelopathy due to cervical OPLL.MethodsStudy participants comprised 150 patients who had undergone ADF for cervical OPLL at 27 institutions between 2005 and 2008. Perioperative—especially neurological—complications occurring within 2 weeks after ADF were analyzed. Preoperative imaging findings, including Cobb angle, between C2 and C7 and occupying ratio of OPLL were investigated. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for neurological complications.ResultThree patients (2.0 %) showed deterioration of lower-extremity function after ADF. One of the three patients had not regained their preoperative level of function 6 months after surgery. Upper-extremity paresis occurred in 20 patients (13.3 %), five of whom had not returned to preoperative levels 6 months after surgery. Patients with upper-extremity paresis showed significantly higher occupying ratios of OPLL, greater blood loss, longer operation times, fusion of more segments, and higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid leakage than those without paresis. Independent risk factors for upper-extremity paresis were a high occupying ratio of OPLL and large blood loss during surgery.ConclusionsThe incidences of deterioration in upper- and lower-extremity functions were 13.3 % and 2.0 %, respectively. Patients with a high occupying ratio of OPLL are at higher risk of developing neurological deterioration.     

Arterial complications following anterior lumbar interbody fusion: report of eight cases

The objective of this study is to report eight cases of arterial complication following anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and to analyze the data in order to identify possible risk factors. The authors have encountered six cases of common iliac artery occlusion and two cases of acute vasospasm as a complication of ALIF using two different approaches to spine: hypogastric-midline-transperitoneal approach at one center and minimally invasive muscle-sparing retroperitoneal approach at the other. All cases involved surgery at the L4-L5 level. All patients were smokers, and three had an existing history of vascular disease. The left iliac and common femoral arteries were involved in seven cases, while the right common iliac was involved in one case. Five patients had thromboembolism, one patient had an intimal tear and two had functional vasospasm. Circulation to the lower limb was restored by thrombectomy (five patients) and arterioplasty for the intimal tear (one patient). One of the vasospasm cases was explored (false-positive), while the other was treated conservatively. One of the patients with thrombosis developed rhabdomyolysis resulting in fatal acidosis. All but the first case at each center was diagnosed either intraoperatively or within 2 h of surgery. We believe that awareness of this potentially serious complication will lead to precautionary measures for prevention of the problem as well as early diagnosis and management of the complication if it does occur. Intraoperative monitoring of lower limb blood flow by measuring the toe oxygenation with a pulse oxymeter can prove to be helpful in early diagnosis.     

微创斜向腰椎椎体间融合术手术入路的影像学相关研究

目的 :分析L1/2~L4/5各椎间隙之间血管和腰大肌关系,了解微创斜向腰椎椎体间融合术手术入路的影像学特点。方法:选取2013年11月~2015年9月收治的113例腰椎疾病患者,12例因MRI、X线片技术上问题造成的影像显示不清或者腰椎/腹膜后手术史影响正常解剖被排除,最后对101例患者的MRI及X线片进行数据测量,男46例,女55例,年龄51~68岁,平均59.0±4.4岁。在MRI上测量L1/2~L4/5各椎间隙平面血管和腰大肌间的距离;在侧位X线片上测量L5上终板中点与左侧髂棘的垂直距离,高于髂棘为正值,低于髂棘为负值。结果:L1/2~L4/5椎间隙平面血管和腰大肌间的平均距离左侧分别为20.7±5.63mm、20.1±6.97mm、19.5±6.20mm、15.7±7.86mm,右侧分别为15.3±6.29mm、8.8±4.32mm、7.1±4.34mm、4.8±3.69mm;左侧均大于右侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),由L1/2~L4/5血管和腰大肌间的平均距离呈下降趋势;左侧L4/5椎间隙平面血管和腰大肌平均距离小于其他节段平均距离,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其中有9例血管与腰大肌间隙距离小于5mm,2例血管与腰大肌之间无间隙;在X线片上L5上终板中点与左侧髂棘的垂直距离为-33~19.6mm,平均-7.0±14.2mm,其中30%髂嵴高于L5上终板中点。结论 :MRI可作为微创斜向腰椎椎体间融合术手术入路的术前评估手段,节段越高,血管与腰大肌间隙距离越大,而且左侧血管肌肉间隙大于右侧,适合采用微创斜向腰椎椎体间融合术。     

Robotic urological surgery in patients with prior abdominal operations is not associated with increased complications

BACKGROUND: The da Vinci Surgical Robotic System is being increasingly used to perform complex urological operations by minimally invasive techniques. Prior abdominal surgery associated with intra-abdominal adhesions may complicate robotic surgery. METHODS: We used a cohort of consecutive 49 patients undergoing a variety of robotic urological procedures at our institution to study the impact of prior abdominal operations on early perioperative complications. RESULTS: A total of 21/49 (43%) patients (Group A) had no history of prior abdominal surgery and the rest 28/49 (57%; Group B) had undergone prior abdominal surgery. The incidence of peritoneal adhesions was significantly higher in patients with prior abdominal surgery compared to the rest of the cohort, 54% versus 10% (P=0.002). The median operative time, estimated blood loss, postoperative drop in hemoglobin, time to hospital discharge, postoperative narcotic analgesic use and postoperative complication rate between group A and group B were not statistically different. The overall perioperative complication rate for the entire cohort was 14.3%, with 6-8% of complications occurring in each of the two groups (P=1.0). Comparative subset analysis of 28 patients in Group B, 15 (54%) and 13 (46%) with or without intra-abdominal adhesions did not reveal a significant difference in perioperative complication rates either. However, operative time was longer in patients with intra-abdominal adhesions compared to patients without, median of 590 (281-922) and 434 (153-723) min respectively, although not statistically significant (P=0.059). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that robotic urological surgery can be performed in patients with prior abdominal surgery without increased perioperative complications.     

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective study of long-term pain relief and fusion outcomes

No long-term studies exist on the effectiveness of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. This study sought to determine postoperative pain, disability, and fusion status of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion patients after > or = 4 years to establish long-term outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 42 patients with minimum 4-year follow-up was conducted. Patients completed visual analog pain scale (VAS) and Oswestry functional capacity evaluation pre- and postoperatively. Statistically significant improvement was noted in VAS and Oswestry functional capacity evaluation scores. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is effective in alleviating intractable back pain over an extended time period. Solid radiographic fusion is unnecessary for clinically successful outcomes.