直肠癌前切除术后预置回肠造口与袢式回肠造口的对比研究

目的评估预置回肠造口（末段回肠预置于腹壁下）对比袢式回肠造口在腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术中的优势。 方法进行前瞻性研究,纳入2020年1月至2021年12月甘肃省人民医院肛肠科收治的行腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术的患者,分为预置回肠造口组及袢式回肠造口组。主要的研究终点：首次住院以及术后3个月总体并发症指数（CCI）;次要研究终点：术后吻合口漏发生率、肠梗阻发生率、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、并发症Clavien-Dindo分级、术后3个月再次住院率以及肛门直肠功能（Wexner评分）;其他研究终点：术后通气时间、首次进食时间、术后腹泻、手术时间＞3 h、切缘阳性率以及术后病理pTNM分期。 结果预置回肠造口组对比袢式回肠造口组的首次住院总体并发症评分（CCI评分）为（25.3±7.1 vs. 26.4±5.7）,差异无统计学意义（t=0.456,P=0.067）,而预置回肠造口组对比袢式回肠造口组术后3个月的CCI评分为（26.2±6.2 vs. 31.7±9.1）,差异有统计学意义（t=0.283,P=0.041）。此外,预置回肠造口组患者对比袢式回肠造口组患者在手术时间（Z=-2.646,P=0.008）、住院时间（Z=-3.564,P=0.034）、住院费用（Z=-5.118,P=0.021）、术后3个月再次住院率（χ²=25.652,P=0.001）、术后3个月肛门直肠功能（t=-3.128,P=0.003）以及并发症Clavien-Dindo分级（χ²=9.692,P=0.021）等方面差异均具有统计学意义。 结论预置回肠造口相对于袢式回肠造口是一种安全可行且经济有效的术式,但仅限于中低危吻合口漏患者。此外,本研究样本量较少且随访时间短,仍需后续试验加以验证。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中回肠襻式造口与改良自闭式造口的对比研究

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术中应用改良自闭式造口的安全性和有效性,比较采用改良自闭式造口与回肠襻式造口两种造口方式的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析苏北人民医院胃肠外科2016年9月~2018年8月期间60例行低位直肠癌保肛手术患者的临床资料,根据预防性造口实施方式的不同分为：改良自闭式造口组25例,回肠襻式造口组35例。分析指标包括：一般资料及病理资料、术中及术后恢复情况、术后并发症及随访情况。 结果两组患者均未发生吻合口漏,改良自闭式造口组患者术后总住院时间为（8.68±0.95）天,回肠襻式造口组患者术后总住院时间为（14.46±1.20）天,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（t=13.00,P<0.01）,包括行一期造口及二期还纳手术的时间。改良自闭式造口组患者在院总花费为（59 284.52±5 712.63）元,回肠襻式造口组为（75 128.77±10 238.05）元,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（t=6.99,P<0.01）。 结论相比回肠末端襻式造口,改良自闭式造口住院时间少、住院费用低,避免了造口旁疝及造口脱垂等造口相关并发症的出现,是低位直肠癌保肛术中可供选择的预造口方式。     

预防性末端回肠造瘘在超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用探讨

目的探讨预防性末端回肠造瘘在超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用效果。方法将收治并行超低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的72例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例。两组患者均施行超低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗,术中严格遵循全直肠系膜切除(TME)原则。观察组在此基础上行预防性末端回肠造瘘。比较两组患者术后排气时间、拔除引流管时间、住院时间及吻合口瘘发生率等。结果观察组术后排气时间、拔除引流管时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组术后吻合口瘘发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论超低位直肠癌保肛手术患者术后行预防性末端回肠造瘘可促进肠道功能早期恢复、缩短住院时间,并有降低术后吻合口瘘发生率的优势。     

经预防性造口标本取出的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术

目的评价经预防性小肠造口切口标本取出的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术的安全性和可行性。 方法回顾分析13例中低直肠癌患者行术前同步放化疗,休息6至12周后行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术联合末端回肠造口术,按TME原则行前切除术,远端肠管应用腔内型直线切割吻合器闭合切断,经右下腹纵切口3～4 cm将标本及近端直肠乙状结肠提出腹壁,清扫系膜淋巴结切除标本,镜下完成吻合,然后经右下腹切口完成预防性小肠造口。 结果13例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间140 min(115～165 min),术中出血量27.7 ml(10～50 ml),进流食时间1.6 d(1～3 d),术后出院时间6.9 d(5～8 d),术后疼痛评分3.6(2.5～5),无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。 结论在需行预防性造口的腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术患者中,经造口切口标本取出手术方式是安全可行的。     

老年人低位直肠癌前切除术后回肠置管造口与横结肠造口的对比研究

目的 对比研究回肠置管造口术与横结肠造口术对老年低位直肠癌患者施行前切除术(LAR)后发生吻合口漏的预防和治疗特点.方法 选择低位直肠癌患者施行LAR后具有发生吻合口漏高危因素的老年患者60例,随机分为横结肠造口组与回肠置管造口组.观察吻合口漏的发生率、住院时间和费用.结果 两组各发生吻合口漏1例,均经非手术治疗痊愈.住院时间和费用横结肠造口组为17 d,2.8万元;回肠置管造口组为18 d,2.9万元,两组比较差异无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).结论 回肠置管造口术对LAR手术后发生吻合口漏的预防和治疗作用与横结肠造口术无差异,是一项简单、安全、有效的方法.     

直肠癌低位前切除术吻合口漏的防治体会

目的探讨直肠癌低位前切除术吻合口漏的原因、预防及治疗措施。方法回顾性总结分析2010年1月至2013年10月我院52例直肠癌低位前切除术患者的临床资料。结果 52例中术后发生吻合口漏3例,发生率为5.77%,全部经非手术治疗于3周内痊愈。结论吻合口漏重在预防,充分的术前准备,规范精细的手术操作是预防吻合口漏发生的关键,早期发现、及时合理的治疗对吻合口漏的预后具有重要意义。     

使用下腹部陈旧手术切口做直肠癌标本取出和预防性造口的可行性研究

目的探讨使用下腹部陈旧手术切口做直肠癌标本取出和预防性造口的可行性。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第七医学中心普通外科2017年1月~2019年6月间收治的中低位直肠癌腹腔镜保肛手术后行末端回肠双腔造口的患者的临床资料,其中22例应用了既往下腹部及盆腔脏器手术切口取出标本和预防性造口（观察组）;选取同期情况相近的经左侧腹直肌切口取标本,经右下腹行预防性造口的直肠癌患者40例作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般资料和造口及造口还纳相关并发症的发生情况,疼痛情况采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）比较,出院时采用功能状态（Karnofsky）评分评价患者功能状态。 结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、造口袋首次渗漏时间、结直肠吻合口漏发生率相比较差异均无统计学意义（t=2.539、0.879、0.866、0.774,χ²=6.508;P>0.05）。观察组术后各时间点患者疼痛情况评分分值均显著低于对照组（t=5.695,7.614,6.677;P<0.05）,术后使用镇痛药物人次显著下降（χ²=5.213,P<0.05）。两组患者造口相关并发症发生率、造口还纳相关并发症的发生率相比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组Karnofsky功能状态评分为（83.7±5.6）分,显著高于对照组（78.4±5.2）分（t=2.906,P<0.05）。 结论对于中低位直肠癌保肛手术后行末端回肠双腔造口的患者,使用下腹部陈旧手术切口做标本取出和预防性造口是安全可行的,患者术后恢复较快,值得临床应用。     

低位直肠癌前切除术后预防性回肠造口方式对转流性结肠炎发病及转归的影响

目的 比较行预防性回肠单腔或双腔造口术对低位直肠癌前切除术后转流性结肠炎发病及转归的影响.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年9月于空军军医大学唐都医院接受腹腔镜低位直肠癌前切除术+预防性回肠造口术的147例患者的病例资料.按入排标准从中选取68例,根据造口方式不同分为单腔组(31例)和双腔组(37例),收集两组...     

预防性回肠与结肠造口预防吻合口漏的应用对比及预防吻合口漏技术的进展

吻合口漏是结直肠术后常见并且严重的并发症之一,预防性回肠及结肠襻式造口被用来应对结直肠术后吻合口漏。每种造口方式都有其优缺点,这篇综述结合当下最新研究结果来探究是否其中一种方式优于另一种。同时对当下预防吻合口漏的策略进行了汇总,主要有经肛肠减压术、盲肠置管造口术、经肛肠腔减压术、管腔内旁路技术、无需回纳预防性造瘘术、带蒂大网膜包裹吻合口术,临床实践中选择何种方式预防吻合口漏需要综合各种情况决定。     

Treatment of recurrent rectal cancer by electroresection/coagulation after low anterior resection

Fifteen patients with recurrent rectal cancer after low anterior resection were treated by electroresection/coagulation in order to avoid colostomy. Nine patients were alive without colostomy eight to 16 months after the first treatment and three died without colostomy from metastatic disease 24 to 36 months after the first electroresection. Electroresection/coagulation as treatment of inoperable recurrence after low anterior resection should be considered an alternative to colostomy.     

Role of protective stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM: To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the role of a protective stoma in low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer.METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched for studies and relevant literature published between 2007 and 2014 regarding the construction of a protective stoma during LAR. A pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to assess the outcomes of the studies, including the rate of postoperative anastomotic leakage and reoperations related to leakage. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests were used to evaluate the publication biases of the studies. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 5612 patients were examined, 2868 of whom had a protective stoma and 2744 of whom did not. The sample size of the studies varied from 34 to 1912 patients. All studies reported the number of patients who developed an anastomotic leakage and required a reoperation related to leakage. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled RR with the corresponding 95%CI because obvious heterogeneity was observed among the 11 studies (I² = 77%). The results indicated that the creation of a protective stoma during LAR significantly reduces the rate of anastomotic leakage and the number of reoperations related to leakage, with pooled RRs of 0.38 (95%CI: 0.30-0.48, P < 0.00001) and 0.37 (95%CI: 0.29-0.48, P < 0.00001), respectively. The shape of the funnel plot did not reveal any evidence of obvious asymmetry.CONCLUSION: The presence of a protective stoma effectively decreased the incidences of anastomotic leakage and reoperation and is recommended in patients undergoing low rectal anterior resections for rectal cancer.     

Machine learning model for prediction of low anterior resection syndrome following laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer: A multicenter study

BACKGROUND Low anterior resection syndrome(LARS) severely impairs patient postoperative quality of life,especially major LARS. However,there are few tools that can accurately predict major LARS in clinical practice.AIM To develop a machine learning model using preoperative and intraoperative factors for predicting major LARS following laparoscopic surgery of rectal cancer in Chinese populations.METHODS Clinical data and follow-up information of patients who received laparoscopic anterior resecti...     

The efficacy and adverse effects of topical phenylephrine for anal incontinence after low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer

Background Anal incontinence is experienced by some patients with rectal cancer who received low anterior resection. This study was to examine the efficacy and adverse effects of the alpha-1 adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, which causes contraction of the internal anal sphincter and raises the resting pressure in these patients. Patients and methods Thirty-five patients with anal incontinence were treated with 30% phenylephrine or a placebo randomly allocated in a double-blind study. The efficacy of the drug was assessed by changes in the following standardized questionnaire scores: the fecal incontinence severity index (FISI), fecal incontinence quality of life (FIQL) scales, and a global efficacy question. Anal sphincter function was evaluated using anorectal manometry. Results Phenylephrine did not improve either the FISI score or any of the four FIQL scores. Five of 17 (29%) patients reported subjective improvement after phenylephrine compared with 4 of 12 (33%) using the placebo. The maximum resting anal pressure did not differ between baseline and after 4 weeks application of phenylephrine (30.0 to 27.3 mmHg). In the phenylephrine group, allergic dermatitis was developed in five patients and headache in two. Conclusion In the patients with anal incontinence after low anterior resection for rectal cancer, phenylephrine gel did not seem to be helpful in relieving symptoms with some adverse effects.     

低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术的临床优势

目的探讨低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术的临床优势,为该手术的临床应用提供理论支持。 方法对重庆市人民医院36例低位直肠癌患者随机分为实验组及对照组,每组各18例,实验组行直肠拖出切除吻合术,对照组行经腹直肠前切除吻合术。评估两组患者的的临床指标、肛门功能以及其预后情况。 结果对两组的临床基本资料进行比较,其中手术时间（t=15.728,P=0.000）、住院天数（t=4.391,P=0.044）、术中出血量（t=5.231,P=0.029）差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;对两组患者术后不同时段的肛门功能进行比较,其中6个月时各等级（t=10.000,P=0.040）差异具有统计学意义;对两组患者的预后情况进行比较,其中两组患者在复发例数上（χ²=4.500,P=0.034）差异具有显著统计学意义。 结论低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术能有效的减少患者的手术时间,提高患者的生活质量,不失为一种安全、可行的手术方法。