B超检查住院患者疾病的分布

本文调查了于2001年1月至12月来我院住院的患者3332例,目的在于了解不同年龄,不同性别的人所患常见病及多发病,并探讨恶性肿瘤的发病趋势。本文使用EUB-415型超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5MHZ,对3332例患者进行常规检查,扫查部位包括胸腔、肝、胆、脾、胰、双肾、膀胱、前列腺等脏器,现将结果报告如下。     

经会阴高频超声联合经直肠腔内超声在肛肠疾病诊断中的应用探讨

目的 探讨经会阴高频超声联合经直肠腔内超声在诊断肛肠疾病中的应用价值.方法对54例肛肠疾病患者(22例肛瘘,14例肛周脓肿,12例直肠癌,6例肛门直肠周围间隙感染)行经会阴高频超声和,或经直肠腔内超声检查.并将检查结果与手术所见及病理结果相对照.结果 除4例肛瘘患者未能明确瘘管内口位置,1例直肠癌患者超声未能明确诊断外,其余超声检查结果均与临床诊断相符合.结论 应用经会阴高频超声联合经直肠腔内超声检查,对肛瘘的走行及内口的定位、肛周脓肿的定位、直肠癌的浸润范围及盆腔淋巴结情况有非常高效的临床诊断价值.     

心脏B超与心电图检查98例对照分析

自心电图之父 Einthoven 190 3年发表首篇心电学论文至今已整整 10 0年 ,心电图机已成为诊断心脏疾病的重要无创性工具 ,在临床上得到了广泛应用 ,由此派生出的心脏病学的一个重要分支——心电图学也在蓬勃发展。在早期 ,随着有关心电图记录导联的发展 ,累积了大量有关波形的振幅和时间数据 ,提出了判断正常和异常的指标 ,但这些指标基本上是经验性的。以后随着心电向量概念的提出和心电向量研究的发展 ,心肌细胞动作电位和其他电生理研究的深化 ,对心电活动的认识得到不断充实和更新 ,形成既有实践又有理论的现代心电图学。超声显像技术的…     

B超在出生缺陷诊断中的应用

在出生缺陷的产前诊断中,B超起着重要作用,特别对神经管、肾脏、心脏等畸形诊断准确,是减少出生缺陷的主要方法之一:也是我市优生监护措施之一.现将我市B超应用情况报告如下.     

B超诊断腹腔积液的临床价值——附282例分析

由各种原因所致的腹腔积液患者282例,男112例,女170例,平均年龄45.2岁。用岛津SDL—310型及日立EUB—305型超声显像仪进行检查,并对部分患者做了血清蛋白测定。结果表明,不同积液在超声下内部回声不同。肝硬化、心肾疾病、营养不良所致漏出液,暗区透声性好,内部光点回声少。癌性腹水暗区内出现散在或密集光点回声,内可有分隔粘连。62例肝硬化腹水胆囊壁全部增厚,80.6％患者呈双边影;癌性腹水54例中63％不增厚。血清白蛋白测定,32例(80％)肝硬化患者小于30s/L,35例(87.5％)呈A/G倒置,而癌性腹水中32例(82.1％)大于30g/L。作者认为结合临床对腹腔积液的成因进行探讨,可提高腹腔积液诊断的临床符合率。     

良性前列腺增生症诊断中B超检查探析

目的：探讨B超检查在良性前列腺增生症诊断中的价值。方法收集我院近年来收诊的85例拟诊良性前列腺增生症患者作为对象进行研究,患者均接受B超诊断,对前列腺纵、横及厚三径线进行测量,并计算其体积;观察其增生情况、AUA症状评分对患者疾病进行分类观察。结果前列腺体积增大5%~30%为轻度增生,30%~100%为中度增生,>100%则为重度增生;随着前列腺体积的增大,患者膀胱出口梗阻的发生率越高(<0.05);前列腺体积与患者最大尿流率为负相关性(<0.05)。结论 B超诊断能够对前列腺增生情况准确显示,同时能够对突入膀胱程度进行筛查,从而为患者的治疗提供良好的依据。     

B超检查胎儿颜面部畸形的实用价值

产前B超检查胎儿颜面部结构是诊断胎儿颜面畸形，降低畸形儿出生率的重要途径。本文对896例中晚期妊娠胎儿行颜面部结构B超检查，并分析了B超检查胎儿颜面结构的方法及其敏感性。结果表明B超对检查中晚期妊娠胎儿的颜面部结构敏感性高，对产前筛选胎儿颜面部畸形有较高实用价值，值得基层医院推广。     

B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值。方法对我院2004年7月至2011年7月期间,被B超检查出腹水的358例患者临床资料及其声像图表现进行回顾性分析。结果肝硬化腹水244例、结核性腹水38例、癌性腹水66例、心源性少量腹水10例。结论超声检查能及时准确地为各种腹水患者做出诊断或提供诊断依据,提高了术前诊断符合率,超声检查已成为各种腹水患者必不可少的检查手段。     

Primary anorectal mucosal melanoma detected by anorectal cytology

The detection of primary anorectal melanoma on anal cytology is a rare and challenging diagnosis. We report a case where anorectal cytology showed isolated malignant cells with oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and elongated wispy cytoplasmic projections. There was no evidence of squamous dysplasia or melanin pigment identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a primary anorectal melanoma detected in anorectal cytology. Detection of malignancies other than squamous cell carcinoma can be seen on anorectal cytology and should be considered when there is no evidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:452–455. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Chromosomal anomalies in the etiology of anorectal malformations: a review

Anorectal malformation (ARM) is a severe congenital anomaly that can occur either isolated or in association with other congenital abnormalities. It has a heterogeneous etiology with contribution of both genetic and environmental factors, although the etiological factors remain largely unknown. Several chromosomal abnormalities have been described in patients with an ARM. These chromosomal abnormalities could point to specific genes involved in the development of the anorectal canal and associated structures. This paper reviews the chromosomal abnormalities described in ARM and may act as a starting point to identify chromosomal regions containing putative anorectal development genes.     

Mucinous adenocarcinoma in anorectal fistulae

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in an anorectal fistula is an uncommon condition which gives rise to difficult problems of diagnosis and pathogenesis. The clinical history and pathology of seven patients are described and compared with six patients in whom anal fistulae were lined by normal rectal mucosa or 'misplaced glands'. In five of the cases granulomas were present which were a further cause of diagnostic difficulty. The evidence from this study suggests that the fistulous tracks are congenital duplications of the lower end of the hind gut lined by rectal mucosa which is prone to malignant change to mucinous adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after excision of the rectum is good.     

DMBT1 expression distinguishes anorectal from cutaneous melanoma

Aims:  Anorectal melanoma (AM) forms a rare but highly malignant subset of mucosal melanoma with an extremely poor prognosis. Although AMs display histological and immunohistochemical features very similar to cutaneous melanoma (CM), no association exists either with exposure to ultraviolet light or with melanocytic naevi. While AMs are clearly distinguished from CM by displaying few BRAF mutations, they are commonly indistinguishable from CM at the level of gene expression. The aim was to carry out expression analyses of classical immunohistochemical markers and of the protein deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (DMBT1) in cases of primary anorectal malignant melanoma and CM.
Methods and results:  Expression analyses of classical immunohistochemical markers (S100, HMB45, Melan A and MiTF) and of the protein DMBT1 were carried out in 27 cases of primary anorectal malignant melanoma and 26 cases of CM. All AM cases analysed showed expression of at least three of the classical markers for melanoma. However, immunohistochemistry showed 19 out of 27 AM to be positive for DMBT1, which represented a statistically significant difference ( P  = 0.0009) compared with CM (six out of 26), which more commonly are negative for DMBT1 expression.
Conclusion:  These results identify DMBT1 as a molecular feature that may allow distinction between AM and CM and support the notion that AM represents an entity molecularly distinct from CM.     

Inheritance of familial congenital isolated anorectal malformations: Case report and review

We report on a 3-generation family with 4 members affected with congenital low anorectal malformations. The vertical segregation of the anomalies and the occurrence of affected males and females support autosomal-dominant inheritance, which was suggested previously for this type of congenital anomaly. Am. J. Med. Genet. 71:280–282, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

中低位直肠癌患者低位前切除术对肛门直肠功能影响研究

目的：研究中低位直肠癌患者手术对肛门直肠功能的影响。方法：选择2012年1月至2015年1月在我院就诊的中低位直肠癌患者100例,患者肿瘤远侧缘距肛缘距离≤5 cm为低位组,肿瘤远侧缘距肛缘距离5~10 cm为中位组,低位组、中位组患者各50例,所有患者均采用低位前切除术,采用Hida肛门直肠临床功能评分系统对两组患者的肛门直肠功能进行评分,观察患者排便情况,采用肛门直肠功能压力检测仪对患者进行检测。结果：术后低位组患者每日出现便失控、每周出现便失控、排气失控、排液性便失控、排固性便失控等发生率均显著高于中位组,中位组中偶尔便失控、排便功能正常发生率高于低位组,低位组患者排便功能较中位组差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术前两组患者的肛门直肠临床功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3、6、12个月时,低位组患者的肛门直肠临床功能评分较中位组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后,中位组患者肛管最大收缩压、肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩时间、直肠肛门抑制反射压力下降等均显著高于低位组,低位组患者肛门直肠测压较中位组差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：低位直肠癌患者手术后肛门直肠功能障碍较中位直肠癌患者显著,在中低位直肠癌患者治疗时,应全面评估患者肛门直肠功能,争取保留患者肛门功能。     

The influence of the pelvic nerves on. anorectal motility in the cat

The influence of the parasympathetic pelvic nerves on anorectal motility was studied in anaesthetized cats. Anal pressure and rectal motility were recorded by a manometric and a volumetric method, respectively. Severing of the pelvic nerves did not cause any pressure change in the anus, indicating that these nerves are not significantly tonically active. Efferent low intensity (0.05–0.5 ms, 8 V at 5 Hz) electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves (PNS) elicited a contraction of the internal anal sphincter (IAS), while high intensity stimulation (> 1 ms, 8 V at 5 Hz) caused a sphincter relaxation. A rectal contraction was noted on both low and high intensity stimulation. After sectioning of the sympathetic nerves, PNS elicited a contraction in both the anus and the rectum irrespective of stimulation intensity. PNS inhibited the anal contraction elicited by simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic nerves or noradrenaline infusion. The inhibitory anal responses to PNS were unaffected or augmented by atropine, unaffected by propranolol and abolished by hexamethonium. The excitatory anal effects of PNS were reduced or abolished by atropine and abolished by phentolamine. The rectal contraction induced by low intensity PNS was abolished by atropine or converted to a relaxation. In half of the experiments an atropine resistant rectal contraction was observed in response to high intensity PNS. The results are consistent with a pelvic nerve influence on IAS pressure through several mechanisms, including modulation of the activity in the sympathetic nerves and activation of inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurons. The pelvic nerves convey both cholinergic and non-cholinergic excitatory, as well as non-adrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory fibres to the rectum.