ELISA试验室内质控“双质控点法”的应用分析

目的探讨“双质控点法”在ELISA试验室内质控的有效性及应用价值。方法当更换质控血清批号时，将新批号质控血清在旧批号质控血清结束前与旧批号质控血清一起测定3～4次，新批号质控结果按“即刻法”分析。结果采用“双质控点法”对前3次实验结果进行质控均在控。结论“双质控点法”对ELISA试验室内质控是有效、及时、可靠的，可作为常规ELISA试验室内质控方法的补充。     

临床化学室内质量控制分析

目前在临床化学室内的质量控制工作中仍有流于形式、工作不扎实的现象存在，为了切实发挥室内质控的作用，我们在质控工作中侧重于质控品均值和标准差的确定，在对质控结果的分析中，侧重于查找系统误差，从而保证了室内质控工作的质量。     

Excel 2000软件在即刻法质控中的应用与改良

目的 在即刻法用于免疫学实验的质控中，探讨一种更简便、快速、准确且直观的操作方法。方法 应用Excel2000对质控数据的自动统计、分析及评价并绘制出即时累积的L—J质控图，将此改良的操作方法用于日常质控中进行评价。结果 改良后的即刻法能自动、快速地完成质控操作，结合即时的质控图能更准确的进行评价，效果明显优于单用即刻法。结论 Excel2000软件改良的即刻法质控图能更准确、高效地实现免疫实验的质控，并可以推广于现代检验医学各专业的质控，成为替代手工质控的一种必然趋势。     

科内逐级护理质控在四级护理质控体系中的应用

多数医院以三级护理质控管理为标准建立了适合本院特色的质控体系，为了全面保证护理质量的提高，本院实行了四级护理质控，即科内逐级质控同级质控院级监测控制一质控科质控。其中科内逐级护理质控作为护理质量控制的基础和前沿阵地，在护理质量管理中起着举足轻重的地位，科内逐级护理质控在四级护理质控体系中的应用效果较好。现介绍如下。     

RS值及其质控图在临床化学室内质量控制中的应用研究

在临床化学室内质量控制（IQC）中，统计量常用x、s、CV等指标；室内质控图常有-s质控图、－R质控图、累加质控图、多规则Shewhart质控图法，随后MONICA质校图相继应用。尤其是在全国推荐11项临床化学RCV值后，使临床化学IQC更规范化，标准化与合理化。在IQC中选用冻干定值质控血清。经作者与生化组同道多年的实践，探索和研究分析，提出了常规条件下标准差（RautincCondifionsSdandard，简写RS）及其质控围的应用研究与分析。1质控材料和RS值的确定1．1质技材料选用上海生物制品研究所生产的冻干定值质技血清，以标定的值作为…     

室内质控电子化管理系统的设计与应用

目的 通过实验室信息系统（LIS）建立室内质控月报表自动统计和电子审核功能，优化失控处理、信息记录等管理功能，实现室内质控全面电子管理。方法 通过联众智慧科技LIS完善实验室质控管理系统，包括优化室内质控失控处理模块，新建室内质控电子月报表功能，新建质控月报表电子审核系统。结果 优化了室内质控失控处理模块，可支持失控在线处理与保存；建立了室内质控月报表统计模块，可按要求统计指定月份或季度、指定设备、质控批号等13项指标及失控处理明细，该模块具有显著的随机误差、系统误差超标提示功能。建立了质控月报表三级电子审核系统，实现了由技术主管总结提交月报表、组长评阅审核、主任评阅审核的电子流转与存档功能。结论 建立与优化了基于LIS的室内质控电子管理系统，实现室内质控数据全面电子化管理。     

介绍一种尿室内质控图

质量控制图是尿液里内质控中的重要组成之一。为了更好地强化尿室内质控，提高室间质控成绩，我们改制了一种质控图。1制作见附图附图尿液多项质控图基本单位图示意图本质控图共由十个基本单位叠加而成，可用于尿液十个不同项目的每日质控。与图相似，每个基本单位图设有中心线，上下警告限和上下控制限。在每个单位图的基底部还另设两栏目，以供填写有关数据用。本质控图共分纵横两坐标，纵坐标表示测定项目及其结果，横坐标为测定序号及日期。2使用采用商品或自制定值尿质控液，参考质控液各项配方，经当前所用检测方法或试纸、仪器反复核…     

介绍一种实用的尿液质评方法

医院管理中综合指标法运用于尿液质评，是我科近年来在强化质控物尿室内质控的基础上，开展的一项月终尿质控总结方法，为了供同道作进一步的探讨，现报告如下：1材料与方法1．1尿质控品自制或上海市医学化验所试剂厂生产的多项目尿液化学分析质控品。1．2操作在每次常规尿液检验时，不论手工操作还是试纸机测，每批（每天）插人一份定值尿质控液与标本同样测定。测完后，将质控液的各项结果立即记录于尿质控登记簿上。1．3分类在月底分析总结时，将每个质控项目的各类测定结果划分为中靶类M。以及阳性靶值时测定值偏离靶值上下一级、二级…     

比值质控图的制作及其应用

比值质控图的制作及其应用陶相光，相开幕，席作明，刘树文（肥城矿务局第二医院，山东肥城２７１６１３）乔方兰（肥城矿务局中心医院）关键词质控图，室间质量评价，比值质控比值、组合、系列测定在临床诊断中应用愈加广泛。笔者在联合质控的基础上［１］，设计了一种比...     

抗-HCV免疫测定室内质控图连续性的应用

目的探讨不同ELISA检测试剂室内质控图连续性使用的方法。方法不同批试剂同时测定系列质控血清，得系列质控血清的S／CO值，根据系列质控血清的浓度及其S／CO值之间的关系，分别得不同批号试剂的直线回归方程（y=a＋bX），从而得不同批号试剂之间的换算关系，即可将新批号试剂测定同一批号、同一浓度质控血清的S／CO值换算回原批号试刺所测的S／CO值，可在原质控图上连续描点。结果针对同一质控血清不同批号试剂的检测结果，应用统计学的直线回归与相关分析，可使室内质控图连续性使用。结论室内质控图的连续性使用，可解决由于试剂的更换而更换质控图的问题，避免“即刻法”质控本身固有的缺陷，为室内质控工作带来方便。     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for blood pressure and cardiac mass in the rat by genome scanning of recombinant inbred strains.

In the HXB and BXH recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the normotensive Brown Norway rat, we determined the strain distribution patterns of 500 genetic markers to scan the rodent genome for quantitative trait loci regulating cardiac mass and blood pressure. The markers spanned approximately 1,139 cM of the genome and were tested for correlations with left ventricular mass adjusted for body weight, and with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The marker for the dopamine 1A receptor (Drd1a) on chromosome 17 showed the strongest correlation with left ventricular heart weight (P = .00038, r = -0.59) and the relationship to heart weight was independent of blood pressure. The markers showing the strongest correlations with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were D19Mit7 on chromosome 19 (P = .0012, r = .55), D2N35 on chromosome 2 (P = .0008, r = .56), and Il6 on chromosome 4 (P = .0018, r = .53), respectively. These studies demonstrate that the HXB and BXH strains can be effectively used for genome scanning studies of complex traits and have revealed several chromosome regions that may be involved in the genetic control of blood pressure and cardiac mass in the rat.     

Halogen bond triggered aggregation induced emission in an iodinated cyanine dye for ultra sensitive detection of Ag nanoparticles in tap water and agricultural wastewater

Aggregation induced emission (AIE) has emerged as a powerful method for sensing applications. Based on AIE triggered by halogen bond (XB) formation, an ultrasensitive and selective sensor for picomolar detection of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is reported. The dye (CyI) has an iodine atom in its skeleton which functions as a halogen bond acceptor, and aggregates on the Ag NP plasmonic surfaces as a halogen bond donor or forms halogen bonds with the vacant π orbitals of silver ions (Ag⁺). Formation of XB leads to fluorescence enhancement, which forms the basis of the Ag NPs or Ag⁺ sensor. The sensor response is linearly dependent on the Ag NP concentration over the range 1.0–8.2 pM with an LOD of 6.21 pM (σ = 3), while for Ag⁺ it was linear over the 1.0–10 μM range (LOD = 2.36 μM). The sensor shows a remarkable sensitivity for Ag NPs (pM), compared to that for Ag⁺ (μM). The sensor did not show any interference from different metal ions with 10-fold higher concentrations. This result indicates that the proposed sensor is inexpensive, simple, sensitive, and selective for the detection of Ag NPs in both tap and wastewater samples.

Based on AIE triggered by halogen bond (XB) formation, we established an ultrasensitive and selective sensor for picomolar detection of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs).     

A Clonal Complex 12 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain,West Australian MRSA-59, Harbors a Novel Pseudo-SCCmec Element

A West Australian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (WA MRSA-59) was characterized by microarray and sequencing. Its pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element comprised dcs, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q9XB68","term_id":"75535040","term_text":"Q9XB68"}}Q9XB68-dcs, mvaS-SCC, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"Q5HJW6","term_id":"81695613","term_text":"Q5HJW6"}}Q5HJW6, dru, ugpQ, ydeM, mecA-mecR-mecI, txbi mecI, tnp IS431, copA2-mco (copper resistance), ydhK, arsC-arsB-arsR (arsenic resistance), open reading frame PT43, and per-2. Recombinase genes, xylR (mecR2), and PSM-mec (phenol-soluble modulin) were absent. We suggest that mec complex A should be split into two subtypes. One harbors PSM-mec and xylR (mecR2). It is found in SCCmec types II, III, and VIII. The second subtype, described herein, is present in WA MRSA-59 and some coagulase-negative staphylococci.     

血栓素B2及血浆内皮素-1在急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的表达及临床意义

目的研究血栓素B2(TXB2)及血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者中表达差异。方法选自我院收入的ARDS患者共45例,另选30例健康人群作为健康对照,ARDS组患者分别在确诊后1d、4d和7d清晨三个不同时点各抽取空腹静脉血5ml,健康对照组同样于清晨空腹抽静脉血5ml,采用放射免疫法测定血浆中的TXB2及血浆ET-1,所测结果两组进行比较。结果确诊后1d、4d和7d的血浆ET-1表达水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。ARDS组患者的TXB2于确诊后1d、4d和7d表达水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。确诊后7dTXB2表达水平达到最高值,显著高于1d和4d两个时点(P<0.05)。结论 ARDS患者血浆中TXB2及血浆ET-1水平明显增高,TXB2及血浆ET-1可能参与了ARDS发生的病理生理过程,其含量变化与疾病的发生发展可能存在关系,为诊断ARDS提供了一个有价值的指标。     

Tunable chiral triazole-based halogen bond donors: assessment of donor strength in solution with nitrogen-containing acceptors

Strong halogen bond (XB) donors are needed for the activation of neutral substrates. We demonstrate that XB donor properties of iodo-triazoles can be significantly enhanced by quaternization in combination with varying the counterion and aromatic substituent, exemplified by association constants with quinuclidine as high as 1.1 × 10⁴ M⁻¹.

Various structurally modified iodo-triazole based XB donors were screened with quinuclidine, displaying K_a values as high as 1.1 × 10⁴ M⁻¹.

Halogen bond (XB) based applications utilize the attractive interaction between a Lewis acidic halogen atom and a Lewis base.¹ From the turn of the century numerous publications have focused on the use of XBs in the solid state² and more recently, in solution as well.³ Among these applications the potential of XBs in catalysis⁴ and anion recognition should be highlighted.⁵ As shown by Huber et al. these fields can be closely associated, exemplified by halide abstraction reactions.⁶Compared to anion recognition, the recognition of neutral species in solution has received less attention. Studies with neutral acceptors have a primary focus on the fundamental nature of halogen bonding, such as the influence of the solvent and the structure of the XB donor/acceptor on the strength of XBs.⁷ Amines have usually been used as neutral acceptors in these studies for their high affinity towards XB donors. This property can potentially be utilized in the detection of biologically relevant amines by XBs.⁸ From the synthetic point of view, the activation of neutral species through XBs is also a topic of high interest.⁹ In general, compared to anions, neutral acceptors form weaker complexes with organic XB donors.^1d,3c Therefore, XB donors with stronger halogen bonding ability should be used for the activation of neutral compounds. From a catalyst design perspective, information on the extent different structural fragments affect XB donor ability is of great value.Recently, we became interested in applying XBs in asymmetric catalysis. Chiral 5-halo-1,2,3-triazoles are among the best candidates of catalysts to achieve this goal.^6b,9b,d The triazoles are readily available through a Cu-catalysed click reaction¹⁰ and access to a broad range of alkynes with the possibility to quaternize the triazole core makes it feasible to enhance the donor ability of the triazole. In addition, the availability of many chiral azides offers wide opportunities for the design of new chiral XB donor systems.¹¹ We have shown the potential of these compounds to interact with various possible substrates and in enantiodiscrimination.¹² Due to relatively low affinity constants with thiourea acceptors, it was difficult to fully assess how structural modifications affect XB donors'' binding ability. Therefore, a stronger XB acceptor has to be selected for this kind of analysis. Anionic species are known to give large affinity constants with halo-triazolium salts,¹³ however, in these complexes charge attraction plays a key role in XB formation. We therefore chose quinuclidine,^7d,h–k a neutral monodentate XB acceptor with a readily accessible lone pair, for screening of the effect of XB donor analogues (Fig. 1) on XB strength. Herein we describe the formation of complexes between triazole-based XB donors and quinuclidine in solution with emphasis on the influence of aromatic substituents and counterions on XB donor strength and investigate the XB donors'' ability to discriminate between enantiomers of chiral imines and amines.Open in a separate windowFig. 1XB donors and reference compound under study.A collection of monodentate XB donors shown in Fig. 1 were synthesized (see ESI^† for details). To determine the effect of structural changes, the triazolium salts were modified by introducing a perfluorophenyl or a p-nitrophenyl substituent instead of a phenyl substituent, changing the counterions and varying the halogen atoms. The XB donor ability of the synthesized compounds was determined through their respective association constants with quinuclidine in CDCl₃ based on ¹H NMR titration experiments. To evaluate the XB strength more accurately, the titration experiments were carried out in duplicate. The results are summarized in

防止血液流变标本凝血方法的改进与效果

目的 探讨防止血液流变标本凝血的最佳方法.方法 将577例体检者分为两组,常规组分次将标本摇匀;推动组使血液流变标本在操作台面上滚动,一次完成防凝血操作.比较两种方法进行防凝血操作护士手臂感觉评分、静脉血标本采集时间、血液标本凝血率.结果 推动方法手臂感觉评分、采血时间、凝血率均低于常规方法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0...     

无偿献血静脉采血拔针按压方法比较

目的探讨无偿献血静脉采血拔针按压的最佳方法。方法将1000位初次无偿献血者随机分为观察组和对照组,各500人,观察组采用献血者大拇指按压法,对照组采用四指按压法,进行对比。结果观察组献血者的疼痛感、皮下瘀血均少于对照组（P〈0．01）,有显著差异、结论无偿献血者静脉采血拔针时直接由献血者的大拇指按压可明显减轻献血者的疼痛,减少皮下瘀血的发生,保护献血者血管。     

直接稀释-气相色谱法测定血液中乙醇含量

目的 建立血液中乙醇的直接稀释-填充柱气相色谱测定法,将其与现行推荐方法GA/T105-1995进行对比,同时对不同采血管对乙醇含量的影响进行研究.方法 使用GDX-102填充柱作为分析柱,柱温160℃,汽化室190℃,检测器(FID)190℃;用1 mg/mL正丙醇溶液稀释血液50倍,经离心后,取上清液1μL进样测定...     

Duffy血型的基因分型

目的建立Duffy血型基因分型方法。方法根据Duffy血型cDNA结构,合成分型引物,建立聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)分型方法,对102例浙江省汉族无血缘关系的献血者进行基因分型。结果PCR-SSP分型方法与血清学分型方法结果完全一致,102例浙江省汉族人,Fya纯合子91例(89.22%),FyaFyb杂合子10例(9.80%),Fyb纯合子1例(0.98%)。Fya基因频率0.9412,Fyb基因频率0.0588。结论PCR-SSP对Duffy血型基因分型,具有方法可靠、稳定,试剂来源广泛等优点,适合于临床常规应用。浙江省汉族Duffy血型基因以Fya为主。     

Comparison of the sphygmooscillographic method with the direct and auscultatory methods of measuring blood pressure

Objective. The objective of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by the sphygmooscillographic method with that measured by the direct and auscultatory methods.Methods. In 15 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and direct methods simultaneously on the same upper extremity. In another group of 86 children and 11 adults, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and auscultatory methods simultaneously, with one cuff. For the sphygmooscillographic measurement, we used sphygmomanometer-S, which measures blood pressure on the basis of the amplitude height (oscillometric) and the morphology (sphygmographic) of pulse waves recorded by a transducer placed in the cuff.Results. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured by the sphygmooscillographic method were both 2 mm Hg higher than those from the direct method; the mean blood pressure was 0.6 mm Hg higher. These differences were not significant. Compared with the auscultatory method, sphygmooscillographic systolic values were higher by 7 mm Hg, while diastolic values were lower by 9 mm Hg. These differences were significant.Conclusions. Blood pressure measurements obtained by the sphygmooscillographic method correlate well with the direct method for measuring blood pressure in children and adults; but, they do not correlate well with the auscultatory method.