内蒙古地区汉族人群ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ１基因多态性与支气管哮喘相关性研究

目的：探讨内蒙古地区汉族人群中人类白细胞抗原ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ　１基因多态性与支气管哮喘的相关
性。方法：采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）法对５０例汉族哮喘病人与５０例汉族健康者进行人
类白细胞抗原ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ　１等位基因频率检测。结果：汉族支气管哮喘ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ　１０６０２基因频率高于汉族
健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１,ＯＲ＝６．１６３）。结论：ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ　１０６０２基因可能是内蒙古地区汉族支气管哮喘病人的
易感基因。     

重庆地区汉族HLA-A,B抗原频率调查及分析

重庆是我国人口最多 ,地域最广的直辖市。汉族人口近30 0 0万 ,目前还没有对重庆汉族人群ＨＬＡ Ａ ,Ｂ抗原频率和基因频率的报道。此次调查首次对重庆地区汉族人群ＨＬＡ Ａ ,Ｂ抗原频率和基因频率进行调查、分析。填补了此方面数据的空白。同时与四川汉族人群ＨＬＡ Ａ ,Ｂ基因频率进行统计学分析、比较 ,对于巴蜀文化的历史、起源和发展提供支持。1　对象与方法1 1　调查对象　重庆市血液中心输血研究室随机选择重庆地区 ,无血缘关系 ,与其他民族无通婚史的健康汉族 6 4 6人。1 2　实验方法　采用ＮＩＨ的标准微量淋巴细胞毒实验。1.3　…     

血清学业民DNA方法用于人类白细胞抗原—Ⅰ类分型的比较研究

双盲比较血清学和聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析方法用于汉族人群人类白细胞抗原１（ＨＬＡ－Ⅰ）类分型的结果。方法临床样本５２５份,采用微量淋巴细胞毒技术血清学方法和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ技术ＤＮＡ方法行ＨＬＡ－Ａ、Ｂ抗原分型,比较其准确性、重复性和临床实用性。     

原发性高血压病与HLA相关研究的探讨

对５０例有家族遗传史的高血压病人及５个家系进行系谱及ＨＬＡ关联等遗传学方面的研究；并以２１例非遗传高血压及１００例正常健康人对照。结果发现：（１）前组病人ＨＬＡ—Ｂ７５，ＤＱ７，Ｂｆｓｓ０７明显高于后者；（２）遗传高血压组ＨＬＡ—Ｂ７５在Ⅲ期高血压组增高，ＨＬＡ—ＣＷ，在Ⅱ期高血压组升高；而ＨＬＡ—Ｂ８的抗原频率在非遗传高血压组明显。提示原发性遗传高血压具有遗传基础，ＨＬＡ基因可能存在着原发性高血压的易感基因。     

精神分裂症遗传倾向的分析

目的：检测和比较精神分裂症患者和正常人群的两种遗传标记、分析特点、探讨精神分裂症的遗传倾向，方法：采用银染方法和微量淋巴细胞毒试验测定４例蒙汉族分症患者和６０名健康人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体核仁组织区（ＮＯＲ）的活性和人白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）Ａ位点抗原和Ｂ位点抗原分布频率。结果：患者组银染核仁组织区活性比正常人群低；病且ＨＬＡ的Ａ９、Ａ３０、Ｂ５、Ｂ１２抗原频率明显高于对照组。结论：精神分裂症发病与遗     

乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族人群NA等位基因频率调查分析

目的：通过中性粒细胞抗原（NA）等位基因的频率调查，了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族人群NA基因的多态性，为NA相关的输血性疾病建立可靠的基因诊断技术。方法：优化并建立了多重PCR-SSP法，对120名健康、无血缘关系的乌鲁木齐维吾尔族个体进行中性粒细胞抗原（NA）的NA1和NA2种等位基因频率的调查。结果：该样本中NA1基因频率为0.383;NA2基因频率为0.617。结论：多重PCR-SSP法分析NA基因频率结果较为可靠，重复性较好。     

HLA—DRB1基因多态性与河南汉族人群急性淋巴细胞白血病关 …

目的：探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）易感性与ＨＬＡ＿ＤＲＢ１基因多态性之间的关联性,找出ＡＬＬ的易感基因。方法：采用序列特异笥引物聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）ＤＮＡ分型技术对５６例ＡＬＬ患者和１０５例健康对照组进行进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１基因分型。结果：ＡＬＬ组与ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ７基因关联,基因频率为２４．１％,ＲＲ＝２．５６,χ＾２＝７．３４,Ｐ〈０．０１,病因分数为０．２９．其他等位基因频率ＡＬ     

中国人胰岛素依赖型糖尿病与HLA－DQ基因的相关性研究

本研究采用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）和序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交（ＳＳＯＰＨ）方法（ＤＱＡｌ，共用９个探针，ＤＯＢ１，共１０个探针），对北京地区汉族４９例胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）患者及４８名健康对照者ＨＬＡ－ＤＯＢｌ基因和２７例ＩＤＤＭ患者及２９名对照者ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡｌ基因的研究提示：（１）ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡｌ基因的Ａ４等位基因（ＲＲ＝１１．７，Ｐｃ＜０．０２）与ＩＤＤＭ易感性呈显著正相关。（２）ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ１基因的ＤＯＢ１＊０６０１（ＤＱＷ１．１２）等位基因与ＩＤＤＭ抵抗性相关（ＲＲ＝０．０３，Ｐｃ＜０．００２）。（３）ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ６５７天门冬氨酸［ＨＬＡ－ＤＱβ５７Ａｓｐ（＋）纯合子基因型与ＩＤＤＭ易感性降低有关，而ＨＬＡ－ＤＱβ５７非天门冬氨酸［ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ５７Ａｓｐ（－）］纯合子基因型与ＩＤＤＭ易感性增强有关，说明ＨＬＡ－ＤＱβ链第５７位氨基酸在决定ＩＤＤＭ易感性方面的重要作用。同其它人种相比，ＨＬＡ－ＤＱβ５７Ａｓｐ（－）纯合子基因型频率在中国人群中的减少及ＨＬＡ－ＤＱβ５７Ａｓｐ（＋）纯合子基因型频率在中国人群中的增多可能同中国人群ＩＤＤＭ发病率低有关。     

可溶型白细胞相关抗原B27分子基因的克隆与表达

目的 克隆和表达可溶型白细胞相关抗原（ＨＬＡ）－Ｂ２７分子的基因。方法 通过三轮聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法选择性删除编码跨膜单位的第５外显子而克隆得到可溶型ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７基因,并以电转法将其转入人Ｂ淋巴细胞系,使其高效表达。结果 人Ｔ、Ｂ及单核细胞系及小鼠Ｌ细胞系在正常培养条件下均存在选择性剪切现象,而产生可溶型ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子。经ＰＣＲ方法克隆得到的可溶型ＨＬ－Ｂ２７基因,经酶切图谱鉴定及序列分析证实确为删除了第５外显子的ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７分子的基因,将此克隆产物转入不含ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７基因的细胞系Ｃ１Ｒ中,在其培养上清中检测到高水平的可溶型ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７分子,其产量受培养温度、培养条件等因素影响。结论 ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７分子前ｍＲＮＡ发生选择性剪切而导致跨膜单位丢失可产生溶型ＨＬＡ－Ｂ２７分子,该细胞系为将来研究环境     

Graves病与HLA—DR,DQ抗原关联的研究

探讨ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ抗原与Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病发病的关系。方法：检测５０例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病患者１４种ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ抗原，并与５０健康献血员对照。结果：Ｇｒａｖｅｓ 病患者ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ；抗原频率和相对危险度明显高于对照组。结论：ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ１抗原与Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病呈相关联，Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病的发病有一定的遗传基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.