白花前胡对大鼠血流动力学和流变学作用研究

本文观察并研究了白花前胡提取物PPD对肺动脉高压大鼠的血流动力学和血液流变学作用及相应参数的物理意义和数学关系。结果表明：PPD能明显改善肺动脉压力和血管尺寸等指标;显著降低全血粘度和还原粘度;增加肺循环血流量。     

丹参对实验性颅脑损伤大鼠血流动力学的作用

目的：探讨丹参对实验性颅脑损伤（traumatic brain injury,TBI)后大鼠血液流变学影响及可能作用机理。材料与方法：用流体冲击装置制作中度大鼠颅脑损伤模型。实验分为：TBI＋丹参组、TBI＋生理盐水组（NS）、TBI模型组，前2组分别于脑损伤后24h静脉给予丹参治疗（丹参注射液，1mg/kg,iv)、和等量的生理盐水，TBI模型组不治疗。氢清除法检测大鼠脑局部血流量（regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)变化，在给予丹参注射液后1、2、4、6h抽血液，检测全血粘度（whole blood viscosity,WBV)、血球压积（hematocrit of red cells,HRC)的变化。结果：TBI＋丹参组，全血粘度、红细胞压积明显低于TBI＋NS。结论：丹参治疗能改善脑损伤早期的血液流变性，且rCBF明显低于伤前。     

不同冠脉痉挛对血流动力学和心律的影响

本文对２１只犬行选择性冠脉内注射麦角新碱诱发冠脉痉挛，观察左冠痉挛组、右冠痉挛组和假手术对照的心排血量、左心室收缩压、平均肺动脉压、颈动脉血流量和心律的变化。     

益景汤对糖尿病大鼠心脏血流动力学指标和心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察益景汤对糖尿病(DM)大鼠心脏血流动力学、心肌肥大和心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)成功诱导DM大鼠模型,将成模大鼠分为益景汤治疗组(每天汤药灌胃3ml,相当于生药10.71g/kg)、贝那普利治疗组(每天腹腔注射10μg/kg)、模型组(每天给予3ml生理盐水灌胃),每组20只,另选20只为正常组(每天灌胃3ml生理盐水)。连续12周后采用动脉插管测定心脏血流动力学指标左室压力(LVP)、左室内压最大上升/下降速率(+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax)及左室舒张末压(LVEDP)。之后称取大鼠体重(BW),并取各组大鼠心脏称重(HW),再取左室称重(LVH),计算心脏质量指数(HMI)和左室质量指数(LVMI);切取部分左室制备心肌组织切片,采用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果:方差分析显示,各组大鼠心脏血流动力学指标及HMI和LVMI均有统计学差异(P均0.01)。两两比较表明,DM各组LVP、+dp/dtmax及-dp/dtmax均低于正常组,且模型组益景汤治疗组贝那普利治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);DM各组LVEDP均高于正常组,且模型组益景汤治疗组贝那普利治疗组,差异也有统计学意义(P均0.01);DM各组HMI和LVMI均明显高于正常组(P0.01),但益景汤治疗组与模型组之间无统计学差异(P0.05);DM大鼠治疗组较模型组心肌细胞的凋亡程度轻,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DM大鼠在第12周已经出现心肌凋亡,益景汤能改善DM大鼠心脏血流动力学,抑制心肌细胞凋亡。     

缺氧对犬肺循环血流动力学和流变学参数的影响

本文观察了缺氧引起的犬肺循环血流动力学及流变学参数的变化。结果表明：缺氧能显著降低心输出血流量,造成肺动脉高压,经计算获得肺血管阻力明显增加。缺氧还使犬的全血粘度增加,从高、低切变率条件下还原粘度的明显改变上看,这种全血粘度的增加与红细胞刚性指数和聚集指数的上升直接相关。     

同向血流层状排列毛细血管网和组织氧交换的血流动力学模型研究

本文提出了一个血流动力学模型来讨论一类具有同向血流紧密层状排列的毛细血管网和组织间的氧交换。在此模型中,红细胞作栓塞运动,红细胞中血红蛋白携氧具有非线性关系,由此分析血液流变学性质对氧输运的影响。对所建立的氧输方程进行数值分析,利用龙格—库塔方法求数值解。结果表明本文所采用的模式优于不考虑血液流变学性质的模式,更符合生理实际情况。     

血流动力学稳定的急性肺栓塞临床治疗回顾性分析

肺栓塞是内源性或外源性栓子阻塞肺动脉或其分支，引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。肺栓塞的临床表现复杂多样，且无特异性，轻者可无明显症状或仅有劳累后气短，重者可突然呼吸、循环衰竭死亡。本文通过回顾性分析2006年1月至2008年1月间22例血流动力学稳定的肺动脉栓塞患者的诊断及治疗情况，以期提高对肺栓塞的认识及诊疗水平。     

眼外伤的眼底血流动力学研究

目的研究眼外伤的眼底血流动力学变化。方法应用彩色多普勒显像检测６２只正常眼和 ９２只眼外伤患者的视网膜中央动脉（ＣＲＡ）、睫状后短动脉（ＳＰＣＡ）的血流参数,测定收缩期流速（ＰＳＶ）、舒张期流速（ＥＤＶ）、搏动指数（ＰＩ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）。结果眼外伤组的 ＣＲＡ的 ＰＳＶ、ＲＩ均低于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＣＲＡ的 ＥＤＶ、ＰＩ及 ＳＰＣＡ的 ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ、ＰＩ、ＲＩ两组比较均未见明显差异。结论眼外伤组ＣＲＡ血供降低是引起视功能障碍的重要原因之一,给临床对眼外伤的诊治和预后提供重要的依据。     

脑梗死早期血流动力学模型的研究

脑梗死发病早期,血管闭塞直接造成了脑血流动力学的变化.为定量研究梗死发生后缺血脑组织残余血流变化和多种变量间的关系,本文使用血流动力学的相关原理,依据脑血流自动调节机制,在理论上建立影响残余血流的数学模型,并结合临床对该模型进行讨论和研究.     

Postsynaptic neuromuscular dysfunction in organophosphate induced intermediate syndrome

Summary A 65-year-old Caucasian female developed an intermediate syndrome seven days after an acute cholinergic crisis, caused by the ingestion of fenthion.Cholinesterase activity in the blood, plasma and red cells was monitored daily by the method according to Nenner and serial serum fenthion levels were measured by capillary gas chromatography.Electromyographic studies showed fade on tetanic stimulation by means of surface electrodes at 20 Hz of the left M. abductor digiti quinti at day 7, which could no longer be observed at day 19.Fade on low-frequency stimulation and posttetanic facilitation were both absent.A biopsy of the N. suralis was normal. A biopsy of the M. tibialis anterior revealed a limited rhabdomyolysis with a very weak staining for cholinesterase.It is hypothesized that the pathophysiologic process underlying the syndrome is the result of a time-confined phenomenon, which includes both changes in the postsynaptic structures by a desensitization process and a gradually restoring ratio of acetylcholine to acetylcholinesterase. This hypothesis is suggested by the similarity in the EMG-findings of this patient and those in myasthenia gravis, which is known to be characterized by a postsynaptic transmission defect.Abbreviations AchE Acetylcholinesterase - EMG Electromyography - M musculus - N nervus - NTE Neuropathy Targed Esterase - OPIDP Organo phosphor induced delayed polyneuropathy - SGE Fused silica needle - TSD Thermionic Specific Detection Data of this paper were reported at the XIII International Congress of the European Association of Poison Control Centres in Edinburgh — September 1988.     

Prompt recovery from severe cholinesterase-inhibitor poisoning — Remarks on classification and therapy of organophosphate poisoning

Summary In organophosphate intoxication the assessment of both the degree of severity of poisoning and the initial dose of pralidoxime and atropine are as yet based only on clinical symptoms.We present three patients with clinically severe organophosphate poisoning in whom a prompt recovery from central nervous symptoms occurred after the administration of low doses of atropine and pralidoxime. It is suggested that the true severity of organophosphate intoxication as well as the initial therapy should be determined by the amount ingested, the propensity for aging, and the pharmacodynamic properties of the organophosphorus compound, as well as by the time interval between exposure and initiation of appropriate treatment, as far as these data can be verified in the individual patient.     

超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化脂质和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶变化与急性有机磷农药中毒的关系

本文对３３例急性有机磷农药中毒（ＡＯＩＰ）患者检测了超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ－１），过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ），ＡＯＩＰ组的ＳＯＤ－１、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而ＬＰＯ较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＳＯＤ－１含量与胆碱酯酶活性呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６０２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。研究结果说明，氧自由基参于了有机磷农药对机体的损伤过程。     

Renal and hepatic changes in the offspring of rats that received biological insecticides during pregnancy and lactation

Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides have been considered safe, being an alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides. However, studies have shown the effects of Bt Cry toxins on various organs, compromising their functions. The objective of this work was to test whether the administration of biological insecticides based on B. thuringiensis in pregnant rats will cause histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys, as well as in the levels of toxicity biomarkers, of their puppies in adulthood. Twenty rats, 90 days old, were used, divided into four groups: GC - Pregnant rats, GX - Pregnant rats that received XenTari®, GDi - Pregnant rats that received Dipel® and GDe - Pregnant rats that received deltamethrin. Insecticides were administered by gavage at a dosage of 1 mg/100 g/day (GX and GDi), and 2 mg/Kg/day (GDe) during pregnancy and lactation. In the animals of the groups whose matrices received the insecticides, there was a reduction in the levels of the biomarkers of toxicity alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and creatinine, about the control group. The biological insecticides promoted histopathological changes in the liver, with the presence of portal vein, centrilobular and sinusoidal capillaries congestion, and in the kidney, presence of cortical congestion and reduction of the subcapsular space. Histochemical evaluation in the liver demonstrated a significant reduction in glycogen in the groups that received insecticides when compared to the control group, whereas for collagen fibers in both the liver and the kidneys, no differences were observed between the experimental groups. The morphometry of the liver revealed a significant reduction in the lobular parenchyma and an increase in the non-lobular parenchyma, and in the kidney, there was a reduction in the diameter and volume of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of the animals whose matrices received both biological and synthetic insecticides. Thus, it is concluded that the biological insecticides XenTari® and Dipel® in sublethal doses in pregnant rats promote changes in the liver and kidney of the offspring similar to the insecticide deltamethrin, which extend into adulthood.     

经产妇与初产妇足月妊娠时超声检测子宫动脉血流动力学参数的比较

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声检测经产妇与初产妇足月妊娠时子宫动脉血流动力学参数的差异。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年4月东南大学医学院附属江阴医院及南京中医药大学江阴附属医院185例晚期妊娠孕妇临床及超声资料。185例孕妇年龄23~41[29（28,32）]岁,孕周37.1~41.9（39.6±1.1）周。经产妇81例为经产妇组,初产妇104例为初产妇组,观察比较2组孕妇年龄、孕周、身高、体质量、体质量指数（BMI）以及妊娠期高血压疾病、糖尿病、贫血的发生率有无差异;比较2组孕妇子宫动脉舒张早期切迹的发生率及子宫动脉血流动力学参数搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）及收缩期峰值最高流速/舒张末期流速（S/D）值的差异。结果 （1）经产妇组与初产妇组年龄、孕周、身高、体质量、BMI以及妊娠期合并高血压疾病、糖尿病、贫血的发生率差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。（2）经产妇组与初产妇组的子宫动脉舒张早期切迹发生率分别为6.17%（5/81）、6.73%（7/104）,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.02,P=0.879）;子宫动脉血流动力学参数RI分别为0.51（0.45,0.55）、0.50（0.46,0.52）,PI分别为0.82（0.69,0.92）、0.79（0.68,0.88）,S/D值分别为2.01（1.84,2.25）、2.00（1.85,2.10）,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义（Z=0.98、0.73、1.05,P值均>0.05）。结论 经产妇与初产妇足月妊娠时,超声检测子宫动脉的血流动力学参数无差异。     

Microspectrophotometric characteristics of renal enzymes in acute circulatory failure

Activity of lactate, succinate, glucose-6-phosphate, -hydroxybutyrate, NADH, and NADPH dehydrogenases, and of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the kidneys was investigated in intact cats, during hexobarbital anesthesia, after hypotension produced by injection of a ganglion blocker (Arfonad) for 5 h, 24 h after the end of artificial hypotension, and after massive blood loss. All parts of the nephron responded by differential changes of enzyme activity. A sharp decrease in the role of the principal pathway of oxidation (the Krebs cycle) in energy metabolism took place, and under the conditions of circulatory hypoxia the glycolytic pathway and pentose shunt became predominant.Department of Pathological Anatomy, S. M. Kirov Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Kraevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 617–619, May, 1977.     

Enhanced sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats with heart failure induced by adriamycin

Our previous studies have shown that the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex is enhanced in rats with chronic heart failure(CHF) induced by coronary artery ligation and contributes to the over-excitation of sympathetic activity.We sought to determine whether sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex were enhanced in adriamycin-induced CHF and whether angiotensin II(Ang II) in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) was involved in enhancing sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex.Heart failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin for six times during 2 weeks(15 mg/kg).Six weeks after the first injection,the rats underwent anesthesia with urethane and α-chloralose.After vagotomy and baroreceptor denervation,cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex was evaluated by renal sympathetic nerve activity and mean arterial pressure(MAP) response to epicardial application of capsaicin(1.0 nmol).The response of MAP to ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium in conscious rats was performed to evaluate sympathetic activity.The renal sympathetic nerve activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex were enhanced in adriamycin rats and the maximum depressor response of MAP induced by hexamethonium was significantly greater in adriamycin rats than that in control rats.Bilateral PVN microinjection of angiotensin II(Ang II) caused larger responses of the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex,baseline renal sympathetic nerve activity and MAP in adriamycin rats than control rats.These results indicated that both sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex were enhanced and Ang II in the PVN was involved in the enhanced sympathetic activity and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats with adriamycin-induced heart failure.     

长期压力超负荷心力衰竭时心脏交感神经去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白表达变化的意义

目的： 观察长期压力超负荷模型大鼠心力衰竭（HF）时心脏交感神经去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白（NET）mRNA及蛋白水平表达变化。 方法：成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为：HF组和假手术组。采用腹主动脉缩窄术建立大鼠心脏压力超负荷HF模型。用免疫组织化学、Western blotting、实时荧光定量PCR技术检测NET表达。 结果：腹主动脉缩窄8周后， HF组大鼠心脏NET mRNA及蛋白表达均低于假手术组（P<0.01）。 结论：长期心脏压力超负荷导致心力衰竭时NET mRNA及蛋白表达均降低，NET mRNA表达下降可能是导致NET蛋白水平下降的重要原因，提示NET表达异常可能是HF时心脏交感神经功能异常的基础。     

一氧化氮合酶抑制剂口服两周治疗对肝硬化大鼠高动力循环状态的影响

目的:观察小剂量一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)连续2周治疗对肝硬化大鼠高动力循环状态的影响。方法:用60%四氯化碳油性溶液皮下注射SD大鼠制造肝硬化大鼠模型。对肝硬化大鼠,用L-NAME(0.5mg·kg^-1·d^-1)胃管内注入连续治疗2周。用57Co同位素微球技术分别测定L-NAME治疗组、未治疗组及正常对照组的平均动脉压(MAP)、门静脉压(PP)、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、内脏血管阻力(SVR)及内脏器官血流量(SBF)。用荧光法测定各组大鼠血清亚硝酸盐含量。结果:未治疗组MAP、SVR显著低于正常对照组,而PP、CO、CI、SBF及亚硝酸盐含量则显著高于正常对照组(P值均小于0.01)。在治疗组,L-NAME显著缓解了CO、CI、SBF及亚硝酸盐浓度的增加和MA、SVR的下降。与未治疗组比较,治疗组血清亚硝酸盐浓度明显减少[(1.471±0.907)μmol/Lvs(4.204±1.253)μmol/L,P<0.01]。结论:内源性NO在肝硬化血流动力学改变中可能起重要作用。小剂量L-NAME连续2周口服治疗可以缓解肝硬化大鼠的高动力循环状态。