姿势控制训练结合核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者运动功能的影响

目的:探讨姿势控制结合核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能、平衡功能及步行能力的影响。方法:选择2015年12月到2017年12月我院收治的94例脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者。患者被随机均分为常规康复组和联合训练组(在常规康复组基础上接受姿势控制和核心肌群训练),两组均治疗4周。观察比较两组治疗前后Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评分、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分以及Holden步行功能分级(FAC)。结果:与治疗前比较,两组治疗4周后下肢FMA评分、BBS评分及FAC分级均显著升高,P均=0.001。与常规康复组比较,治疗4周后,联合训练组下肢FMA评分[(22.61±1.84)分比(25.84±1.67)分]、BBS评分[(23.28±1.92)分比(28.82±1.36)分]以及FAC分级[(2.96±0.71)级比(4.02±0.46)级]升高更显著,P均=0.001。结论:姿势控制训练结合核心肌群训练可明显促进脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的恢复,改善平衡,提高步行能力,值得临床推广。     

强制性运动疗法用于脑卒中偏瘫康复治疗效果观察

目的观察强制性使用运动疗法（CIMT）对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行速度和平衡功能影响。方法将49例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组26例和对照组23例。治疗组康复治疗采用强制性运动疗法（CIMT）,对照组采用患侧下肢PT训练为主的神经发育技术（NDT）,两组均治疗6周。治疗前、后测量两组10m最大步行速度（MWS）,采用Berg平衡量表（BBS）评定静态平衡功能,＂起立—行走＂计时测试（TUGT）评定移动平衡能力。结果治疗组MWS、BBS评分均明显高于对照组,TUGT评分明显短于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论 CIMT能明显提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢步行速度,改善动、静态平衡功能。     

强化桥式运动及视觉反馈平衡训练对卒中患者下肢运动功能恢复的影响

目的观察强化桥式运动及视觉反馈平衡训练对卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2010年7月—2012年12月在暨南大学医学院第四附属医院接受康复治疗的卒中后偏瘫患者43例,按接诊时奇偶数将患者分为强化训练组(22例)和常规训练组(21例)。对两组患者均进行常规康复训练,1次/d,45 min/次,5 d/周,共治疗4周;强化训练组每天增加桥式运动及视觉反馈平衡训练1次,20 min/次。比较两组训练前,训练后2、4周的Fugl-Meyer量表(FMA)中下肢部分(FMA-L)评分、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分及起立-行走计时测试(TUGT)的差异。结果 (1)与治疗前比较,随治疗时间延长,两组患者FMA-L、BBS评分均呈逐渐提高趋势,而TUGT测评时间呈加快趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)训练前及训练后2周,两组各量表评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。训练后4周后,强化训练组FMA-L、BBS量表评分,TUGT测评时间分别为(21.2±4.6)分、(19.4±2.6)分、(44.8±10.1)s;常规训练组分别为(18.7±3.3)分、(17.4±2.8)分、(57.6±7.7)s,两组各评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论强化桥式运动及视觉反馈平衡训练较常规康复训练能更明显改善卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能。随着强化训练时间的延长,其效果更加明显。     

头颈部训练对脑卒中后偏瘫患者平衡及下肢运动功能的影响

目的:探讨头颈部训练对脑卒中后偏瘫患者平衡及下肢运动功能的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年8月于我院治疗的脑卒中后偏瘫患者90例。按照随机数字表法,患者被随机均分为常规康复训练组和头颈部训练组(在常规康复训练基础上接受头颈部训练),两组均连续训练6周。观察比较两组治疗前、治疗3周和6周后Motricity指数下肢肌力(MI-L)积分、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分和Fugl-Meyer上下肢运动功能评定量表(FMA)评分。结果:治疗前两组MI-L积分、BBS评分和FMA评分均无显著差异(P均0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3周、6周后两组的MI-L积分、BBS评分和FMA评分均显著升高,且6周后的显著高于3周后的(P均=0.001)。与常规康复训练组治疗后6周比较,头颈部训练组治疗6周后的MI-L评分[(59.45±10.12)分比(72.88±11.43)分]、BBS评分[(36.67±7.78)分比(45.39±8.11)分]和FMA评分[(21.46±4.85)分比(24.72±5.09)分]升高更显著,P均0.01。结论:在常规康复训练中结合头颈部训练可有效增强脑卒中后偏瘫患者下肢肌力,改善平衡和下肢运动功能。     

虚拟现实康复训练对老年脑卒中后偏瘫患者肢体功能和平衡功能的影响

目的探讨虚拟现实康复训练对老年脑卒中后偏瘫患者肢体功能和平衡功能的影响。方法选择老年脑卒中后偏瘫患者60例,随机分为观察组30例与对照组30例。两组均采用常规神经内科治疗。对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练基础上结合虚拟现实康复训练。两组持续4 w。比较两组康复前后平衡功能、上肢肢体功能、手功能和日常生活活动能力变化。结果观察组康复后Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分[(51.22±5.37)分]明显高于对照组[(43.76±5.65)分],差异有统计学意义(t=5.242,P0.05)。观察组康复后简易上肢功能(STEF)评分[(72.31±4.87)分]和Fugl-Meyer(FMA)评分[(51.27±5.14)分]明显高于对照组[(58.72±7.29)分和(39.27±4.39)分],差异有统计学意义(t=8.490、9.724,均P0.05)。观察组康复后手指主动活动范围(AROM)[(19.32±2.56)°]、最大屈曲角度[(53.17±5.98)°]和最大伸展角度[(38.65±4.97)°]明显高于对照组[(13.09±3.25)°]、[(41.36±7.91)°]和[(27.62±6.21)°],差异有统计学意义(t=8.248、6.523、7.596,均P0.05)。观察组康复后日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表评分[(70.28±5.46)分]明显高于对照组[(57.83±6.63)分],差异有统计学意义(t=7.940,P0.05)。结论虚拟现实康复对老年脑卒中后偏瘫患者效果良好,可改善患者平衡功能和上肢肢体功能。     

丹红注射液联合核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者的疗效及其对血清CatS、Sestrin2、GFAP的影响

目的:研究丹红注射液联合核心肌群训练对脑卒中患者的疗效及其对血清组织蛋白CatS、Sestrin2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)水平的影响。方法:我院的126例脑卒中患者被随机均分为丹红治疗组(接受丹红注射液治疗)与联合治疗组(在丹红治疗组基础上接受核心肌群训练),两组均治疗8周。观察比较两组治疗前后Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、上下肢运动功能评定量表(FMA)评分、运动力指数(MI)、起立-行走计时测试(TUGT)、大脑中动脉平均血流速度(V_(mean))、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、血清CatS、Sestrin2、GFAP水平以及治疗总有效率。结果:联合治疗组总有效率显著高于丹红治疗组(95.24%比80.95%,P=0.013)。治疗后,与丹红治疗组比较,联合治疗组BBS[(42.78±6.46)分比(48.84±6.84)分]、FMA评分[(26.78±2.65)分比(29.98±3.67)分]、MI[(66.41±11.00)分比(71.70±11.55)分]、V_(mean)[(50.04±2.73)cm/s比(53.29±3.53) cm/s]升高更显著,TUGT[(31.71±6.58)s比27.13±5.77)s]、RI[(0.62±0.06)比(0.51±0.06)]、PI[(0.84±0.17)比(0.77±0.11)]、血清CatS [(57.45±11.89)pg/L比(45.49±9.75)pg/L]、Sestrin2[(12.27±1.53)ng/ml比(11.27±1.64)ng/ml]、GFAP水平[(6.58±2.33) ng/ml比(5.00±1.54)ng/ml]降低更显著,P均0.01。结论:丹红注射液联合核心肌群训练能显著改善脑卒中患者肌力和躯体平衡,促进神经修复,疗效显著。     

改良强制性诱导运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者康复的疗效

目的:探讨改良强制性诱导运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者康复的疗效。方法:选择136例脑卒中偏瘫患者,分为改良康复组和常规康复组,12周后比较两组上下肢运动功能评定量表Fugl-Meyer评分(FMA)、改良Barthel指数评分(MBI),Berg平衡量表评分(BBS)和6min步行距离(6MWD),并比较两组患者的心理状态和生活质量。结果:12周后两组FMA、MBI、BBS、6MWD均明显增加,焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分明显降低(P均0.05);与常规康复组比较,改良康复组FMA[(53.23±5.13)分比(60.67±5.67)分]、MBI[(57.83±6.11)分比(69.93±6.74)分]、BBS[(41.45±4.12)分比(50.53±4.56)分]、6MWD[(179.46±24.62)m比(211.34±26.71)m]增加更显著,SAS[(50.75±2.56)分比(41.11±1.53)分]和SDS[(51.34±3.35)分比(40.78±2.11)分]得分降低更显著(P均0.05);生活质量上,两组治疗后在生理、心理、社会、环境四个维度积分上均较康复前明显提高,且改良康复组提高更显著(P均0.05)。结论:改良强制性诱导运动疗法能显著改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动、平衡功能,改善患者抑郁和焦虑等情绪和日常生活能力。     

平衡训练系统辅助特定任务性平板步行训练对卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的探讨Biodex平衡训练系统辅助特定性平板步行训练对卒中后下肢运动功能的影响。方法选取卒中后平衡和下肢运动功能障碍的偏瘫患者40例,按病例号奇偶数分为平衡训练组和常规训练组,每组20例。常规训练组给予常规康复治疗及传统的平衡训练,平衡训练组在常规康复治疗的基础上,应用Biodex平衡训练系统辅助特定任务性平板步行训练。于治疗前及治疗后4周评价两组患者的下肢稳定性指数、Berg平衡量表评分(BBS)、"起立-行走"计时(TUGT)、最大步速和步长、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(下肢部分)评分(FMA-L)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)及功能性步行量表评分(FAC),综合评定患者的平衡和下肢运动功能。结果治疗前,两组患者的各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者各项指标均较治疗前好转,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);平衡训练组与常规训练组比较,稳定性指数(分别为6.5±1.3、8.5±2.1)、BBS评分[分别为(49±4)、(34±3)分]、TUGT[分别为(13.5±3.2)、(22.3±2.8)s]、最大步速[分别为(60±23)、(50±21)m/min]、最大步长[分别为(54±12)、(42±11)m]、FMA评分[分别为(31±4)、(24±5)分]、MBI评分[分别为(81±14)、(70±11)分]及FAC分级评分[分别为(4.31±0.39)、(3.21±0.19)分]改善程度均优于常规训练组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。结论应用Biodex平衡训练系统辅助特定任务性平板步行训练对卒中后患者的平衡和下肢运动功能有很好的改善作用。     

经皮电神经刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢痉挛及运动功能的影响

目的 探讨经皮电神经刺激（TENS）对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢痉挛及运动功能的影响.方法 按纳入标准将60例偏瘫患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30例.对照组采用常规药物及康复治疗,试验组在此基础上增加经皮电神经刺激治疗,分别于治疗前及治疗后进行患侧下肢踝跖屈肌临床痉挛指数（CSI）评定、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定（FMA）及最大步行速度（MWS）评定,比较两组治疗效果.结果 治疗后对照组CSI评分、FMA、MWS分别为（10.58±2.50）分、（19.01±4.67）分、（35.93±6.78） m/min,试验组CSI、FMA、MWS分别为（8.41±2.29）分、（23.41±5.45）分、（41.52±8.16） m/min.与对照组比较,试验组踝跖屈肌痉挛明显缓解（t=3.506、P〈0.05）,下肢运动功能及最大步行速度明显提高（t=3.358、t=2.886、P〈0.05）.结论 经皮电神经刺激可降低脑卒中偏瘫患者踝跖屈肌痉挛,提高下肢运功功能,改善步行能力.     

康复运动联合低频电刺激对缺血性脑卒中后下肢功能障碍患者下肢肌力及神经运动功能的影响

目的:观察持续康复运动联合低频电刺激治疗缺血性脑卒中后下肢功能障碍患者的疗效以及对患者下肢肌力与神经运动功能的影响。方法:选择本院收治的94例缺血性脑卒中后下肢功能障碍患者,随机均分为电刺激组与联合治疗组,两组均给予低频电刺激治疗,联合治疗组同时给予持续康复运动治疗,治疗三个月后评估两组临床疗效,评估并比较治疗前后两组患者的下肢肌力及神经运动功能。结果:治疗后,联合治疗组总有效率显著高于电刺激组(87.23%比68.09%,P=0.026);与电刺激组比较,联合治疗组患者下肢肌力评分[(1.96±0.45)分比(1.43±0.41)分]显著下降,傅格-梅尔氏运动量表(FMMS)[(24.54±3.76)分比(29.98±3.82)分]、日常生活能力量表(ADL)的Barthel指数(BI)[(69.02±6.29)分比(79.46±6.35)分]、博格平衡量表(BBS)[(44.56±5.71)分比(52.14±5.79)分]、Holden步行功能评分[(3.92±0.46)分比(4.61±0.49)分]、Tinetti步态测量表评分[(6.57±1.13)分比(8.06±1.24)分]均显著增加(P均=0.001)。结论:持续康复运动联合低频电刺激能显著增强缺血性脑卒中后下肢功能障碍患者的下肢肌力,改善其神经运动功能,提高其生活能力,值得推广。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.