两种代谢综合征诊断标准在高血压人群中的比较

目的 比较美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人组第3次报告(NECP/ATPⅢ)以及中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)代谢综合征(MS)诊断标准在高血压人群中的应用.方法 收集7 485例高血压患者人体测量学及生化检查资料,比较分别应用NECP/ATPⅢ和CDS标准,MS的检出率及诊断的一致性,并分析不同性别、年龄MS检出率及代谢异常构成的分布特点.结果 NECP/ATPⅢ和CDS标准MS检出率分别为39.4％ (n =2 949)和42.5％(n=3 181),CDS标准诊断的MS检出率较高(x2 =454.19,P＜0.001).与CDS标准相反,NECP/ATPⅢ标准女性MS检出率高于男性x2=365.58,P＜0.001);2种标准各年龄组MS检出率变化趋势相似,随着年龄增高而增高(x2=425.51,P＜0.05).结论 与NECP/ATPⅢ标准相比,CDS标准在高血压人群中MS的检出率相对较高.     

三种代谢综合征诊断标准在北京某镇中年农民中应用的比较

目的比较3种代谢综合征诊断标准在北京某镇中年农民人群中应用的差异。方法于2010年2月至2013年4月采用随机抽样方法,从北京市丰台区长辛店镇周边抽取40~65岁的中年农民632例为研究对象,男性258例,女性374例,平均年龄(54.5±10.4)岁。采用中华医学会糖尿病分会(CDS)、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)和经美国心脏协会(AHA)修订的美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次报告(ATPⅢ)3种诊断标准诊断入选人群的代谢综合征患病率,并比较三种标准的符合率。结果 CDS与IDF、NCEP-ATPⅢ诊断的患者,分别有72.3%和88.4%患者相一致,CDS与NCEP-ATPⅢ的诊断符合率较高,Kappa系数为0.887,采用配对χ2检验,显示两种诊断标准诊断MS患病率差异有统计学意义(P0.01);CDS与IDF的诊断符合率略低,Kappa系数为0.725,采用配对χ2检验显示两种诊断标准下MS患病率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 3种标准在代谢综合征的诊断结果上存在差异,CDS与NCEP-ATPIII的诊断符合率较高,CDS与IDF的诊断符合率略低。     

广东和江苏两省成年居民代谢综合征患病率和危险因素分析

目的 了解我国经济发达地区广东省和江苏省成年居民代谢综合征(MS)的患病率和危险因素.方法 分析2007-2008年全国糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究中广东省和江苏省的数据(6614例);分别计算在中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)标准、美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗方案第三次报告(ATPⅢ)标准、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准和国际多学会联合声明(JIS)标准下MS的年龄、性别标化患病率;以logistic回归模型分析MS的危险因素.结果 MS的标化患病率分别为17.88％(CDS标准)、28.50％(ATPⅢ标准)、21.99％(IDF标准)和31.50％(JIS标准).ATPⅢ和IDF标准下女性MS患病率高于男性(分别为30.63％比26.45％,P＜ 0.01;26.04％比17.91％,P＜0.01),而CDS标准下男性患病率高于女性(19.87％比15.94％,P＜ 0.01);城乡间差异未达到统计学意义(17.63％比18.14％).ATPⅢ标准和JIS标准的一致性最好(κ=0.95,P＜ 0.01). MS的危险因素包括男性、年龄较大、文化程度低、高血压家族史、肥胖家族史、饮酒和不控制饮食.结论 我国经济发达地区(广东、江苏)成年居民MS患病率高,且不同诊断标准下存在较大差异;亟需采取有效措施控制其危险因素.     

不同诊断标准下北京市成人代谢综合征患病率

目的了解不同诊断标准下北京市成人代谢综合征（MS）流行状况,比较不同诊断标准MS的患病率并进行一致性检验。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法对16711名年龄18岁以上北京市常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。利用中华医学会糖尿病学分会诊断标准（CDS）、国际糖尿病联盟诊断标准（IDF）、美国国家胆固醇项目专家组诊断标准（ATPⅢ）分别计算MS的患病率,并将结果进行比较和一致性检验。结果根据CDS、IDF、ATPⅢ三种诊断标准,北京市成人MS标化患病率分别为12．7％、24．0o,4和15．3％。无论以何种诊断标准,MS患病率均呈现随年龄增加而逐步增加的趋势（P=0．000）。通过对分别用CDS、IDF、ATPⅢ诊断的患者进行比较分析,分别有83．0％和89．9％患者相一致。Kappa检验显示三种指标的符合率较高,Kappa系数分别为0．510（CDS和IDF）和0．634（CDS和ATPⅢ）。结论北京市代谢综合征患病率高于国内平均水平。三种代谢综合征诊断标准均可用于中国人群,但是其适用性及价值的评价需在前瞻及随访研究中进一步证实。     

不同诊断标准下黑龙江省成人代谢综合征患病率调查

目的 了解不同诊断标准下黑龙江省成人代谢综合征(MS)的患病率,并比较其一致性.方法 采取多级分层整群随机抽样的原则,对黑龙江2875名20～74岁的居民进行流行病学调查.采用美国胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次指南(NCEP-ATPⅢ)诊断标准、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)诊断标准及中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)诊断标准计算MS的患病率,并进行结果比较和一致性检验.结果 根据ATP Ⅲ、IDF、CDS这3种诊断标准,黑龙江省成人MS标化患病率分别为14.47%、21.92%和18.73%.ATP Ⅲ与CDS诊断标准判断MS患病率的一致性最好,符合率为87.58%;其次为ATP Ⅲ与IDF,符合率为84.97%;而CDS与IDF的符合率为82.50%.结论 黑龙江地区成人MS患病率已经达到较高水平,3种MS诊断标准存在较好的一致性.     

四种代谢综合征诊断标准在贵阳市成人流行病学调查中的应用比较

目的 了解不同诊断标准下,贵阳市居民代谢综合征（MS）的患病率及四种诊断标准间的一致性,并探讨2009年国际多学会联合声明（JIS）标准的应用价值.方法 分析2009至2010年贵阳市糖尿病和代谢性疾病研究数据.分别用2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会（CDS）、美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗方案第三次报告（ATPⅢ）、2005年国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）及2009年JIS的MS标准,分析贵阳市社区居民总体及不同性别MS的患病率,并使用k值比较诊断结果的一致性.结果 贵阳市社区20岁及以上成人共1 512人（男性634人,女性878人）中,MS的标化患病率分别为21.7％（CDS标准）、29.1％（IDF标准）、40.3％（ATPⅢ标准）和43.6％ （JIS标准）.IDF标准下女性MS患病率高于男性（31.0％比26.2％,P＜0.01）,而JIS标准下男性患病率高于女性（45.1％比38.8％,P＜0.01）.ATPⅢ标准和JIS标准的诊断一致性最好（k=0.94,P＜0.05）,其次为IDF标准与ATPⅢ标准k值为0.78（P＜0.05）.结论 不同的诊断标准下,贵阳市成人MS的患病率均较高,JIS标准与ATPⅢ标准的诊断一致性最好.     

三种代谢综合征诊断标准的应用及评价

目的 比较代谢综合征(MS)的CDS(2004)、IDF(2005)、ATPⅢ(2005)三个诊断标准在社区人群中的应用并评价它们诊断的一致性.方法 分别计算三种标准的MS患病率及MS各组分的检出率,使用Kappa值比较诊断的一致性.结果 三种标准的MS患病率不同.CDS(2004) 标准中肥胖的检出率、IDF(2005)和ATPⅢ(2005)高血压的检出率最高.CDS(2004)与IDF(2005)、CDS(2004) 与ATPⅢ(2005) 和IDF(2005) 与ATPⅢ(2005) 诊断一致性的Kappa值分别是0.65、0.64和0.78,其中女性的CDS(2004)与IDF(2005)诊断一致性最高.结论 三种代谢综合征诊断标准的患病率、诊断一致性均不同;IDF(2005)和ATPⅢ(2005)标准使用腰围以及相应的截断值判断肥胖对中国人的适用性有待探讨.     

3种代谢综合征诊断标准下男女冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的比较

目的:探讨不同性别冠心病患者在美国国家胆固醇教育计划(ATPⅢ)、中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)3种标准下代谢综合征的冠状动脉(冠脉)病变情况.方法:入选首次行冠脉造影证实有冠心病但排除急性心肌梗死后的患者共486例,其中男286例,女200例,分析不同性别在ATPⅢ、CDS、IDF 3种标准下代谢综合征的患病率及冠脉病变(用Gensini评分).结果:男性冠心病患者在ATPⅢ、CDS、IDF诊断标准下代谢综合征的患病率分别为48.3%、50.3%、45.1%,女性冠心病患者代谢综合征的患病率分别为63.5%、66.5%、62.5%,无论何种标准,男、女性Gensini评分均随危险因素的聚集而增高,女性代谢综合征患者Gensini评分高于男性,以Gensini评分为因变量行多元线性回归分析,代谢综合征是女性冠心病患者冠脉病变的独立危险因素,分别为β=0.358 、P=0.011,β=0.32、P=0.013,β=0.436、P=0.009;对于男性则关系不大,β=0.23、P=0.2,β=0.24、P=0.2,β=0.064、P=0.7.结论:无论何种标准,代谢综合征在冠心病患者中很普遍,多种危险因素聚集是加重病变的基础,这种改变在女性更为明显.     

四种代谢综合征诊断标准在初发2型糖尿病人群中应用的比较

目的 比较WHO(1999年)、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF,2005年)、美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组(NCEP-ATPⅢ,2001年)的代谢综合征(MS)诊断标准和中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS,2004年)制定的MS诊断标准在我国初发老年2型糖尿病人群中应用的异同.方法 对初诊2型糖尿病患者1399例进行MS诊断相关指标测定,按年龄分为老年组259例和非老年组1140例,计算不同标准的MS诊断率,比较两组结果的异同.结果 (1)MS患病率以WHO诊断标准检出率最高(68.0%),NCEP-ATPⅢ标准次之(54.8%),CDS标准(47.9%)与IDF标准(46.7%)相近,NCEP-ATPUI标准、WHO诊断标准、IDF标准与CDS标准诊断率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(2)NCEP-ATPⅢ标准与CDS标准诊断符合率较高,WHO、IDF标准稍差.结论 对初诊2型糖尿病患者,应用WHO标准诊断MS阳性率最高,NCEP标准与CDS标准一致性最高,WHO诊断标准可能更适合本组初发老年2型糖尿病患者.     

代谢综合征五种诊断标准在成都地区城镇老年人群中的应用

目的探讨代谢综合征五种诊断标准在成都地区城镇老年人群中的应用。方法运用五种代谢综合征诊断标准,美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗指南Ⅲ(NCEP-ATPⅢ)、中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)、国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)、AHA/国家心肺血液研究所(AHA/NHLBI)及国际肥胖研究协会(New consensus definition)评估成都市青羊区居民社区老年人群的代谢综合征患病率情况,并比较几种诊断标准的诊断差异和一致性。结果代谢综合征的患病率逐渐升高,分别为NCEP-ATPⅢ15.5%、CDS 16.5%、IDF 21.5%、AHA/NHLBI 26.7%及New consensus definition 26.7%(P<0.01);且女性代谢综合征患病率高于男性(P<0.01)。IDF、AHA/NHLBI及Newconsensus definition的诊断一致性最高,为94.9%,Kappa值为0.860(P=0.001);而其他各组之间的一致率均低于90.0%,Kappa值均<0.7。结论成都地区城镇老年人群的代谢综合征患病率较高,且女性高于男性;由于代谢综合征诊断标准的逐渐更新,导致了同一人群代谢综合征患病率逐渐升高,诊断一致率存在较大差异,在今后的临床工作及社会医疗保障评估中需要考虑相关问题的存在。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.