70岁及以上患者冠状动脉无保护左主干病变支架置入术后的随访研究

目的 观察年龄70岁及以上患者无保护左主干病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的近期和长期临床随访结果。 方法 回顾性分析100例无保护左主干病变行药物洗脱支架置入患者临床资料,比较年龄70～90岁组(52例)和37～69岁组(48例)的病死率、心肌梗死、再次血运重建及其综合终点。 结果 两组危险因素、血管病变及置入支架等基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。70～90岁组和37～69岁组手术成功率分别为96.2％(50例)与97.9％（47例）,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.75,P＞0.05),住院病死率分别为3.8％（2例）与2.1％（1例）,差异无统计学意义（x2 =0.27,P＞0.05）。两组平均随访时间分别为（22.0±2.5）个月与（23.0±11.7）个月,差异无统计学意义（t=-0.78,P＞0.05）。随访期间70～90岁与37～69岁组病死率、心肌梗死、再次PCI分别为3.8％（2例）与2.1％（1例）、7.7％（4例）与4.2％（2例）和13.5％（7例）与12.5％(6例),差异无统计学意义（x2值分别为2.51、0.55、0.02,均P＞0.05）,死亡、心肌梗死及再次血运重建综合终点分别为30.8％（16例）与18.8％（9例）,差异无统计学意义(x2= 1.92,P＞0.05)。 结论 70岁及以上患者冠状动脉无保护左主干病变药物洗脱支架置入手术成功率高,长期随访安全有效。     

血运重建方式对冠心病三支病变患者预后的影响

目的观察不同的冠状动脉血运重建方式——完全血运重建(冠状动脉介入治疗或冠状动脉旁路移植术)或部分血运重建(冠状动脉介入治疗)对冠心病三支病变患者死亡率和心功能的影响。方法共181名三支病变并行血运重建的患者,按血运重建方式分为两组:部分血运重建组行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和/或冠状动脉支架置入术,完全血运重建组行冠状动脉旁路移植术或支架置入术。手术后临床随访6~70个月(平均28.6±9.2个月),比较两组随访病例临床终点事件和心功能的差异。结果(1)基线资料:对部分血运重建组123例和完全血运重建组58例进行了临床随访,两组在年龄及性别方面差异无统计学意义。(2)临床事件:部分血运重建组死亡9例(7.32%),完全血运重建组死亡5例(8.62%);部分血运重建组再入院17人(13.8%),完全血运重建组再入院7人(10.3%),两组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。选择完全血运重建或部分血运重建对患者28个月的死亡率和心功能无显著影响(P>0.05)。治疗前左室射血分数对患者的死亡率有显著影响(P=0.004,95%CI=0.893~0.978)。结论临床选择冠状动脉完全血运重建或部分血运重建对冠状动脉三支病变患者28个月死亡率和心功能的影响差异无统计学意义,而治疗前左室射血分数是影响其远期预后的重要因素。     

不完全血运重建策略对老年冠状动脉多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的回顾性分析经皮冠状动脉介入的完全及部分血运重建术对老龄冠状动脉多支血管病变患者预后影响、疗效。方法 153例年龄≥70岁的老年患者,2005年10月至2008年3月入院行冠状动脉造影检查发现为多支病变行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗。分为接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的完全血运重建(85例)组和接受介入治疗的部分血运重建患者(68例)。记录分析两组患者临床资料、PCI结果以及围术期并发症和随访期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)、死亡率发生情况。进行Cox回归分析影响此类患者预后的相关因素。结果老年冠心病多支病变患者PCI进行血运重建完全者与血运重建不完全者的院内围手术期及随访1年后的死亡、急性心肌梗死、总心脏死亡率等MACE的发生率差异无统计学意义。Cox多因素回归分析表明患者PCI术后1年MACE发生率与是否完全血运重建无关(HR1.328,95%CI0.253～2.652,P>0.05)。结论介入治疗完全血运重建与不完全血运重建策略对老年冠状动脉多支病变的1年临床效果相似。     

肾动脉狭窄并冠状动脉多支病变患者部分或完全冠状动脉血运重建对比分析

目的 探讨在肾动脉狭窄合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的患者中进行冠状动脉介入治疗时,选择部分或完全冠状动脉血运重建方法的临床效果差异.方法 收集2006年1月至2011年1月在广东省人民医院进行肾动脉及冠状动脉介入治疗的肾动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者共287例,其中177例进行了冠状动脉完全血运重建（complete revascularization,CR）,110例为部分冠状动脉血运重建（incomplete revascularization,ICR）.然后进行术后2年的随访调查,比较两种介入治疗策略的临床疗效以及其远期预后的差异.结果 两种治疗策略的整体住院病死率比较,差异无统计学意义（Х^2=0.474,P=0.491）.术后CR组的收缩压及舒张压较基线降低,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.01）;而ICR组收缩压及舒张压与基线相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.两组术前和术后肾功能、心功能改善的情况及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.两组2年随访病死率及主要心血管事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）.结论 肾动脉狭窄患者在进行肾动脉及冠状动脉介入治疗时,进行冠状动脉完全血运重建和部分冠状动脉血运重建术效果相近,但完全血运重建有助于血压的控制.     

高龄冠心病患者完全和不完全血运重建对疗效的影响

目的:评价高龄冠心病患者进行完全和不完全血运重建的近期与远期疗效.方法:对2000年1月至2003年3月期间收入我院经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病[(即以冠状动脉任何一支血管狭窄≥50%为诊断标准),高龄(年龄≥75岁),并接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI,PCI组)]的患者75例和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG,CABG组)治疗的患者55例.随访6～38个月,平均(17.5±8.8)个月,分别观察冠状动脉血运重建完全与不完全的近期与远期疗效.结果:PCI组和CABG组从近期终点事件发生情况看:血运重建完全者与血运重建不完全者比较,近期死亡、急性心肌梗死和急诊CABG的发生率没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);从远期终点事件发生情况看:血运重建完全者与血运重建不完全者比较,远期死亡、急性心肌梗死和再次血运重建的发生率以及心绞痛复发情况也没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:高龄患者的血运重建治疗虽然难以实现完全的血运重建,但是由于老年人的活动量小,尤其是高龄患者,只需对引起症状的大血管进行血运重建,远期效果良好.     

冠心病合并糖尿病冠状动脉介入治疗与冠状动脉旁路移植术对比研究

目的 比较经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)支架术与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心痛合并糖尿病患者住院与临床随访结果.方法 入选2001年7月至2004年6月在DESIRE注册的1040例冠心病合并糖尿病的患者,分别接受PCI治疗和CABG治疗,对所有患者的临床情况与冠状动脉造影特征、血运重建情况、住院临床结果以及临床随访结果进行回顾性分析.结果 与CABG组相比,PCI组的院内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率较低(P＜0.01);院内病死率较低(P＜0.01);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CABG组院内MACCE发生的风险显著高于PCI组(P=0.002).平均随访22个月,两组随访MACCE发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);PCI组再次血运重建率高于CABG组(P＜0.01).多因素Cox回归分析表明,两组随访MACCE风险差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 冠心病合并糖尿病患者PCI术后院内MACCE发生率较低,但PCI后随访再次血运重建率高于CABG.广泛应用药物洗脱支架有望改善PCI的长期结果.     

急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内超选择应用替罗非班的临床研究

目的 探讨替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内超选择中的应用. 方法 2012年3月至2014年1月在我科进行急诊皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者240例,数字抽签随机分为静脉给药组(静脉组)77例、常规冠状动脉内给药组(常规组)81例和超选择冠状动脉内给药组(超选择组)82例,比较治疗后3组患者的即刻心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级、术后ST段回落率、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白-I(CTn-I)峰值、左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末内径、主要心血管不良事件及出血事件情况. 结果 3组患者术后即刻TIMI血流差异无统计学意义(x2=0.14,P=o.529),超选择组术后ST段完全回落为61例(74.4％),高于静脉组48例(62.3％)、常规组50例(61.7％)(x2=8.24,P＜0.05).超选择组CKMB、CTn-I峰值低于静脉组和常规组(P＜0.05).3组术后左心室舒张末内径和左心室射血分数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但术后3个月随访,超选择组左心室射血分数(P=0.002)、心绞痛发生率较其他两组改善(P＜0.05).而在靶病变重建、非致死性心梗、用药后血小板减少3组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 替罗非班超选择冠状动脉内给药能增强急性心肌梗死患者的心功能,改善心绞痛症状.     

两种国产西罗莫司洗脱支架治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效和安全性研究

目的 比较两种国产西罗莫司洗脱支架(Excel与Firebird)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的有效性和安全性.方法 入选我院急性STEMI患者249例,根据植入支架类型,随机分为Excel支架组136例(54.6%)和Firebird支架组113例(45.4%).随访6～24个月,平均12个月行定量冠状动脉造影复查.比较两组患者手术即刻成功率,术后住院及随访过程中主要不良心脏事件(包括心原性死亡、再发心肌梗死和靶病变血运重建)发生率及晚期管腔丢失、支架再狭窄、支架内血栓发生率.结果 两组患者术前临床基线特征及冠状动脉病变情况、直接PCI术后即刻情况差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后平均12个月随访中,两组患者死亡分别为2例(1.47%)与1例(0.88%),无心原性死亡,非致死心肌梗死分别为1例(0.74% )与1例(0.88%),靶血管再次血运重建分别为2例(1.47%)与2例(1.77%),差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).定量冠状动脉造影随访两组支架内最小管腔内径、节段内最小管腔内径、支架内晚期管腔丢失、节段内晚期管腔丢失,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);支架内再狭窄、节段内再狭窄、支架内血栓形成的发生率差异亦无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 STEMI患者直接PCI应用两种国产西罗莫司洗脱支架均有效、安全.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of two kinds of homemade sirolimus-eluting stents (Firebird and Excel) for treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The 249 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PCI were randomly divided into two groups: Excel group (n=136) and Firebird group (n=113). They were followed up for 6-24 months, and coronary angiography was reviewed average 12 months later. The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events, including death, reinfarction and target vessel revascularization. The second endpoints included late luminal loss and restenosis 12 months after treatment. Results There were no significant differences in baseline data, coronary arterial lesion before operation, and immediateness condition after PCI between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Within follow-up, there were 2 (1.47%) death cases and 1 (0.88%) death case, 1 (0.74%) and 1 (0.88%) nonfatal myocardial infarction case, 2 (1.47%) and 2 (1.77%) target vessel revascularization cases in the two groups respectively (all P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in late luminal loss of in-stent and in-segment, the rates of in-stent restenosis, in-segment restenosis and stent thrombosis, the in-stent minimal lumen diameter and in-segment minimal lumen diameter between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Conclusions The two kinds of homemade sirolimus-eluting stents may have similar efficacy and safety in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI.     

老年冠心病患者植入药物洗脱支架的预后研究

目的 比较老年与非老年冠心病患者接受药物洗脱支架(DES)植入的预后,并比较老年冠心病患者不完全血运重建与完全血运重建预后的差异. 方法入选接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)并植入DES的患者,根据患者的年龄分为75～89岁组、60～74岁组和40～59岁组,并将60～89岁的患者分为完全和不完全血运重建两组,分别比较各组的临床特征及预后情况. 结果手术成功率75～89岁组、60～74岁组和40～59岁组间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).75～89岁组的院内病死率高于其他两组(分别为1.5%与0.4%,0.1%,均P<0.05);随访期死亡和脑卒中发生率也高于其他两组(分别为3.1%与2.3%、0.7%;1.5%与1.3%、0.3%,P<0.01或P<0.05).Cox回归分析结果显示,影响60～74岁组和75～89岁组患者住院及随访期病死率增加的主要因素为血肌酐水平(OR=2.961,95%Ci为1.643～5.338,P<0.01)、年龄(OR=2.687,95%CI为1.329～5.434,P<0.01)、性别(OR=2.661,95%CI为1.376～5.145,P<0.01)、陈旧性心肌梗死(OR=2.041,95%CI为1.026～4.061,P<0.05)和多支冠状动脉病变(OR=1.735,95%CI为1.132～2.661,P<0.05).60～74岁组中,不完全血运重建组的病死率高于完全血运重建组(分别为1.5%和0.2%,P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,血运重建(OR=0.307,95%CI为0.011～8.467,P>0.05)不是不完全血运重建患者住院病死率增加的因素. 结论 75～89岁组老年冠心病患者接受PCI及DES植入的预后较40～59岁组患者差.完全血运重建使老年冠心病患者获益更大,但不完全血运重建不影响患者远期预后.     

冠心病患者介入治疗失败后行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术的预后

目的 探讨冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗失败后行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的预后.方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年12月阜外心血管病医院11例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗失败后行急诊CABG患者的临床资料,并进行随访.院内随访内容包括心脏性死亡、Q波心肌梗死、肾功能不全、神经系统事件;院外随访的研究终点为主要心血管不良事件,包括死亡、心肌梗死和靶病变血管重建.结果 患者年龄(61±5)岁.冠状动脉造影显示三支病变患者5例(45.5％).在介入治疗的靶血管病变中,9例(81.8％)位于左前降支,中、重度钙化、慢性完全闭塞及弥漫性长病变分别为3例(27.3％)、4例(36.4％)和4例(36.4％).11例患者均有行急诊CABG的指征,其中冠状动脉夹层5例(45.5％)、冠状动脉穿孔 3例(27.3％)、病变无法充分扩张1例(9.1％)、血管急性闭塞1例(9.1％)和支架脱载1例(9.1％).CABG术后随访(47±33)个月.院内随访期间,发生心脏性死亡1例(9.1％),Q波心肌梗死2例(18.2％).院外随访期间,1例(9.1％)患者死于肾功能衰竭,无因心原性事件再次住院的患者.结论经皮冠状动脉介入治疗失败后行急诊CABG多见于复杂冠状动脉病变,术后患者的长期预后良好.     

A Call to Action to Enhance Filovirus Disease Outbreak Preparedness and Response

The frequency and magnitude of recognized and declared filovirus-disease outbreaks have increased in recent years, while pathogenic filoviruses are potentially ubiquitous throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, the efficiency and effectiveness of filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response efforts are currently limited by inherent challenges and persistent shortcomings. This paper delineates some of these challenges and shortcomings and provides a proposal for enhancing future filovirus-disease outbreak preparedness and response. The proposal serves as a call for prompt action by the organizations that comprise filovirus-disease outbreak response teams, namely, Ministries of Health of outbreak-prone countries, the World Health Organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—Atlanta, and others.     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Interplay between interferon-mediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral infection, and in turn, viruses have evolved to evade host immune surveillance. As a result, viruses may persist in host and develop chronic infections. Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) are among the most potent antiviral cytokines triggered by viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of pigs that is characterized by negligible induction of type I IFNs and viral persistence for an extended period. For IFN production, RIG-I/MDA5 and JAK-STAT pathways are two major signaling pathways, and recent studies indicate that PRRS virus is armed to modulate type I IFN responses during infection. This review describes the viral strategies for modulation of type I IFN responses. At least three non-structural proteins (Nsp1, Nsp2, and Nsp11) and a structural protein (N nucleocapsid protein) have been identified and characterized to play roles in the IFN suppression and NF-κB pathways. Nsp's are early proteins while N is a late protein, suggesting that additional signaling pathways may be involved in addition to the IFN pathway. The understanding of molecular bases for virus-mediated modulation of host innate immune signaling will help us design new generation vaccines and control PRRS.     

Disease Pandemics and Major Epidemics Arising From New Encounters between Indigenous Viruses and Introduced Crops

Virus disease pandemics and epidemics that occur in the world’s staple food crops pose a major threat to global food security, especially in developing countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Moreover, this threat is escalating rapidly due to increasing difficulties in controlling virus diseases as climate change accelerates and the need to feed the burgeoning global population escalates. One of the main causes of these pandemics and epidemics is the introduction to a new continent of food crops domesticated elsewhere, and their subsequent invasion by damaging virus diseases they never encountered before. This review focusses on providing historical and up-to-date information about pandemics and major epidemics initiated by spillover of indigenous viruses from infected alternative hosts into introduced crops. This spillover requires new encounters at the managed and natural vegetation interface. The principal virus disease pandemic examples described are two (cassava mosaic, cassava brown streak) that threaten food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and one (tomato yellow leaf curl) doing so globally. A further example describes a virus disease pandemic threatening a major plantation crop producing a vital food export for West Africa (cacao swollen shoot). Also described are two examples of major virus disease epidemics that threaten SSA’s food security (rice yellow mottle, groundnut rosette). In addition, brief accounts are provided of two major maize virus disease epidemics (maize streak in SSA, maize rough dwarf in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions), a major rice disease epidemic (rice hoja blanca in the Americas), and damaging tomato tospovirus and begomovirus disease epidemics of tomato that impair food security in different world regions. For each pandemic or major epidemic, the factors involved in driving its initial emergence, and its subsequent increase in importance and geographical distribution, are explained. Finally, clarification is provided over what needs to be done globally to achieve effective management of severe virus disease pandemics and epidemics initiated by spillover events.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Diagnostic performance of COVID‐19 serological assays during early infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 11 516 samples

ObjectiveThe use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) serological testing to diagnose acute infection or determine population seroprevalence relies on understanding assay accuracy during early infection. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serological testing in COVID‐19 by providing summary sensitivity and specificity estimates with time from symptom onset.MethodsA systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed was performed up to May 13, 2020. All English language, original peer‐reviewed publications reporting the diagnostic performance of serological testing vis‐à‐vis virologically confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were included.ResultsOur search yielded 599 unique publications. A total of 39 publications reporting 11 516 samples from 8872 human participants met eligibility criteria for inclusion in our study. Pooled percentages of IgM and IgG seroconversion by Day 7, 14, 21, 28 and after Day 28 were 37.5%, 73.3%, 81.3%, 72.3% and 73.3%, and 35.4%, 80.6%, 93.3%, 84.4% and 98.9%, respectively. By Day 21, summary estimate of IgM sensitivity was 0.872 (95% CI: 0.784‐0.928) and specificity 0.973 (95% CI: 0.938‐0.988), while IgG sensitivity was 0.913 (95% CI: 0.823‐0.959) and specificity 0.960 (95% CI: 0.919‐0.980). On meta‐regression, IgM and IgG test accuracy was significantly higher at Day 14 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) compared to other methods.ConclusionsSerological assays offer imperfect sensitivity for the diagnosis of acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Estimates of population seroprevalence during or shortly after an outbreak will need to adjust for the delay between infection, symptom onset and seroconversion.