彩色多普勒超声在医源性假性动脉瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对股动脉假性动脉瘤诊断及疗效监测的价值。方法选取28例经股动脉穿刺介入治疗术后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤患者。超声监控探头垂直加压压迫假性动脉瘤通道或破口直至内无血流通过。压迫失败后在超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,24 h、1个月后复查超声。结果 28例中21例一次性压迫2h后瘤腔闭合,7例压迫2次失败后于超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶,取得较满意效果。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断股动脉假性动脉瘤准确率高,超声引导下治疗假性动脉瘤疗效可靠且较为安全。     

超声引导下凝血酶栓塞法治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法78例股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者分别首选床边指压法（50例）和凝血酶注射法（28例）治疗。所有患者均使用GE LOGIQ9彩色多普勒超声仪确诊,凝血酶注射法组在超声引导下进行瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。结果指压法组50例患者中41例通过持续手指压迫治疗有效消除血管杂音和动脉瘤搏动,6例出现迷走神经反射,4例因不耐受再次压迫改用彩色多普勒引导下凝血酶注射法治愈,5例股动脉压迫治疗无效后改用凝血酶注射法治疗。凝血酶注射法组28例首选超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗的患者全部治愈,其中25例一次栓塞成功,2例经两次栓塞成功,1例出现血管迷走性晕厥;12例患者注射凝血酶后有体温轻度升高,自行好转;无动脉栓塞及静脉血栓形成、无凝血酶过敏表现、感染、出血等并发症。结论与指压法比较,超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶的治疗方法有效性显著提高而不耐受性显著降低,是一种安全有效的方法。     

超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的可行性和安全性。方法:3例女性患者因行股动脉穿刺于术后3~4d发生4处股动脉假性动脉瘤,均在彩色多普勒超声定位下通过瘤腔内注射凝血酶进行治疗,治疗后即刻超声复查,并定期随访。结果:3例患者4处假性动脉瘤一次性注射凝血酶500U后瘤腔即刻闭合,随访10~100d,假性动脉瘤无复发。无肢体栓塞和过敏反应等并发症发生。结论:瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤是一种创伤小、有效、安全的方法,可作为临床首选的治疗方法。     

冠状动脉介入诊疗术后股动脉假性动脉瘤47例分析

目的总结冠状动脉介入诊疗术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的发生原因、临床表现及治疗方法。方法选择冠状动脉介入诊疗术后出现的47例假性动脉瘤病人,结合临床表现和超声多普勒显像,进行临床分析,记录治疗方法和结果。结果43例行人工压迫法,4例超声引导下行腔内注入凝血酶方法,均未出现并发症。结论冠状动脉介入诊疗术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的早期发现,及时诊断与治疗,人工压迫法和超声引导下行腔内注入凝血酶方法是安全有效的治疗方法。     

冠脉介入术并发假性股动脉瘤的无创治疗

目的：探讨在彩超引导下运用压迫加瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和可行性。方法：2001年1月至2003年8月，冠状动脉介入诊疗术后发生股动脉假性动脉瘤9例，在超声定位下先压迫瘤颈，然后一次性向瘤腔内注射凝血酶500U，5分钟后瘤腔完全闭合，局部用绷带加压包扎6小时。结果：治疗成功率为100％。无肢体栓塞、过敏反应等并发症发生，临床随访15天无1例复发。结论：在彩超引导下压迫加瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤是一种安全、经济、耐受好，易接受的无创方法。     

介入治疗术后假性动脉瘤临床分析及超声引导下压迫修复的价值

目的　探讨介入治疗术后假性动脉瘤的临床特点 ,评价超声引导下压迫修复介入治疗术后假性动脉瘤的治疗效果。方法　假性动脉瘤主要表现为动脉穿刺部位搏动性肿块并伴有血管杂音。介入治疗术后股动脉假性动脉瘤 9例 ,合并高血压病 5例 ,糖尿病 4例。在GE SYSFEM彩色多普勒超声诊断仪引导下 ,压迫修复。结果　 9例经超声引导全部压迫修复成功 ,1例压迫局部出现皮肤坏死。所有患者均于修复后 72h复查彩色多普勒超声波证实假性动脉瘤已闭合。术后随诊半年 ,未见假性动脉瘤复发。结论　假性动脉瘤为少见但严重的并发症 ,彩色多普勒检查可以确诊。超声引导下压迫修复是一种简单、安全、无创、有效的方法     

超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫法治疗心脏介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法:分析27例心脏介入操作术后出现的股动脉假性动脉瘤患者,其中男性14例,女性13例,平均年龄(53.5±11.4)岁。首先利用超声定位股动脉假性动脉瘤体、瘤体颈部和供应动脉位置,然后在超声引导下采用18号穿刺针,穿刺进入瘤体中心并且抽吸瘤体内血液,同时由助手采用人工方法压迫股动脉假性动脉瘤颈部和瘤体,阻断供应动脉和股动脉假性动脉瘤之间的交通。压迫时间为15 min,之后用绷带加压包扎,嘱患者平卧12 h,保持患侧下肢平直。术后24 h和1个月均复查下肢血管超声。结果:24例(88.9%)患者一次抽吸压迫成功;2例(7.4%)患者第一次抽吸压迫后瘤体未完全闭塞,给予再次抽吸压迫后成功;1例(3.7%)患者因合并股动静脉瘘,抽吸压迫后股动脉假性动脉瘤腔未完全闭合,但瘤体较压迫前明显缩小。总体治疗成功率为96.3%(26/27例)。无操作相关并发症发生。结论:在超声引导下穿刺抽吸血肿加人工压迫治疗医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效。     

超声显像引导注射凝血酶治疗假性动脉瘤

目的初步评价彩色多普勒超声显像引导下瘤内注射凝血酶治疗医源性假性动脉瘤的价值。方法采用20G细针穿刺,行超声引导瘤内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗3例医源性假性动脉瘤,凝血酶总量≤500U。结果2例股动脉假性动脉瘤患者一次栓塞获得成功,凝血酶用量500U,血栓形成时间1~3min;1例桡动脉假性动脉瘤栓塞治疗后残留瘤腔,行手术切除痊愈。结论超声显像引导注射凝血酶治疗医源性假性动脉瘤操作简便,安全有效。     

凝血酶栓塞治疗冠脉介入术后股动脉假性动脉瘤疗效观察

目的探讨瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法2006年1月至2008年4月心脏冠脉介入术后并发股动脉假性动脉瘤的患者,共33例,其中男12例,女21例,年龄58~72岁,平均66±16岁。其中8例选择性冠状动脉造影术,25例经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术。所有患者均使用GE LOGIQ 9彩色多普勒超声仪确诊,并在超声引导下进行瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。结果5例先行股动脉压迫治疗,无效后改用凝血酶注射栓塞治疗,其余28例首选超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶栓塞治疗。其中31例一次性栓塞成功,2例经2次栓塞成功,总成功率100%。凝血酶用量200~800u。1例出现血管迷走性晕厥,12例患者注射凝血酶后均有体温轻度升高,自行好转。无动脉栓塞及静脉血栓形成、无凝血酶过敏表现、感染、出血等并发症。结论超声引导下瘤腔内注射凝血酶的治疗方法可缩短患者住院时间、花费少,而且简单、安全、成功率高,可作为治疗心脏冠脉介入术后假性动脉瘤的首选方法。     

彩色多普勒超声引导压迫治疗周围动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声引导压迫治疗周围动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效。方法：回顾性分析对11例周围大动脉的假性动脉瘤行彩色多普勒超声引导压迫治疗的资料。结果：11例周围大动脉的假性动脉瘤在彩色多普勒导引下压迫治疗均取得成功。结论：选择性压迫假性动脉瘤与起源动脉的交通口，在阻断破口血流的同时。促进了动脉瘤腔内的血栓形成，即使在短期内未使破口闭合，也可通过腔内血栓形成．渐进地达到治疗的目的。     

Histamine antagonists in the treatment of shock hyperglycemia in the rat

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of exogenous histamine and histamine blockers on blood glucose and hepatic glycogen in the rat. Forty-one nonfasted male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of urethane were injected intravenously (femoral) with histamine (10 mg/kg) five minutes after pretreatment with Ringer's solution (control), diphenhydramine (1 mg/kg) (H-1 blocker); metiamide (1 mg/kg) (H-2 blocker); or a combination of these blockers. Mean arterial pressure (carotid), blood glucose, and hepatic glycogen were measured. Within 30 minutes, histamine evoked a significant increase in blood glucose, and a decrease in hepatic glycogen, and a reduction in blood pressure. However, rats treated with the H-2 blocker metiamide or with a combination of H-1 and H-2 blockers did not show as significant a hypotensive response as rats treated with the H-1 blocker diphenhydramine alone. The hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic response to histamine was modified by diphenhydramine as well as by a combination of blockers, but not by metiamide alone. These results suggest that a) the hypotension did not initiate the hyperglycemic and glycogenolytic response; b) the H-2 blocker metiamide has little effect on the hyperglycemic response to exogenous histamine; and c) the H-1 blocker diphenhydramine may have antihyperglycemic properties.     

Nomenclature- and Database-Compatible Names for the Two Ebola Virus Variants that Emerged in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2014

In 2014, Ebola virus (EBOV) was identified as the etiological agent of a large and still expanding outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and a much more confined EVD outbreak in Middle Africa. Epidemiological and evolutionary analyses confirmed that all cases of both outbreaks are connected to a single introduction each of EBOV into human populations and that both outbreaks are not directly connected. Coding-complete genomic sequence analyses of isolates revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by two novel EBOV variants, and initial clinical observations suggest that neither of them should be considered strains. Here we present consensus decisions on naming for both variants (West Africa: “Makona”, Middle Africa: “Lomela”) and provide database-compatible full, shortened, and abbreviated names that are in line with recently established filovirus sub-species nomenclatures.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

Age-related differences in the response of the brain to dietary melatonin

The aged brain is prone to excessive levels of immune activity, not initiated by an acute response to an extrinsic agent. While dietary melatonin is reported to attenuate the extent of expression of proinflammatory genes, little is known about the extent to which these changes can be translated into altered levels of corresponding proteins. The baseline levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 alpha, were greater in older (~29 months old) compared to younger (~7 months old) mouse brains. Acute (3 h) exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), but not inflammatory cytokines in the brain. The serum level of TNF-α was increased after LPS injection, indicating a systemic immune response to the bacterial cell wall component. Dietary melatonin (40 ppm for 9.3 weeks) did not prevent LPS-induced changes in younger animals but caused an increased systemic TNF-α response in older mice. Melatonin did reduce markers of carbonyl formation in brain proteins of young animals and nitrosylative damage to peptide-bound amino acid residues, in the brains of older animals. Acute LPS challenge did not significantly affect these oxidative markers. Thus, despite lack of clear evidence of attenuation of the NF-κB–cytokine inflammatory trajectory within the CNS by melatonin, this agent did show a protective effect against free radical-initiated injury to amino acid residues within proteins. The results illustrate that previously reported changes in gene expression following melatonin treatment need not be closely paralleled by corresponding changes in protein content.     

Carcinoma of the anus in Nigerians

In the 18-year period between 1960 and 1978, only 20 cases of carcinoma of the anus were recorded in the Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; of these 18 were treated in the hospital. This paper is an analysis of the clinicopathologic features and outcome of treatment of ten patients whose records could be traced. There was a slight female predominance, with anal canal tumors being more common than anal margin tumors. Most cases were advanced when first seen and the commonest manifestations were passage of mucoid stool, with blood and anal pain. The tumors tended to grow circumferentially and could be confused with anorectal tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and lymphogranuloma venereum. Prognosis was better with anal margin tumors     

Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction in Chinese patients

Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is defined as carcinoma that crosses the GEJ line, irrespective of where the tumor epicenter is located. This group of cancer is rare but controversial. Based on study results from the majority of epidemiologic and clinicopathologic investigations carried out in Western countries, this cancer is believed to arise from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and includes both distal esophageal and proximal gastric carcinomas because of similar characteristics in epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular pathobiology in relation to BE. As such, the most recent American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual requires staging all GEJ carcinomas with the rule for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). This mandate has been challenged recently by the data from several studies carried out mainly in Chinese patients. The emerging evidence derived from those studies suggests: (1) both BE and EA are uncommon in the Chinese population; (2) almost all GEJ cancers in Chinese arise in the proximal stomach and show the features of proximal gastric cancer, not those of EA; (3) application of the new cancer staging rule to GEJ cancer of Chinese patients cannot stratify patients’ prognosis effectively; and (4) prognostic factors of GEJ cancer in Chinese are similar, but not identical, to those of EA. In conclusion, the recent evidence suggests that GEJ cancer in Chinese shows distinct clinicopathologic characteristics that are different from EA. Further investigations in molecular pathology may help illustrate the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms of this cancer in Chinese patients and better manage patients with this fatal disease.     

T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用研究进展

慢性乙型肝炎已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题之一,获得性适应性免疫应答在慢性HBV感染最终结局的形成中起着核心作用,T细胞在适应性免疫应答中起关键作用。本文对T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎发病机制中作用的研究进展进行综述。     

Role of genetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of Crohn's disease

Considering epidemiological, genetic and immunological data, we can conclude that the inflammatory bowel diseases are heterogeneous disorders of multifactorial etiology in which hereditability and environment interact to produce the disease. It is probable that patients have a genetic predisposition for the development of the disease coupled with disturbances in immunoregulation. Several genes have been so far related to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Those genes are related to innate pattern recognition receptors, to epithelial barrier homeostasis and maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, to autophagy and to lymphocyte differentiation. So far, the most strong and replicated associations with Crohn's disease have been done with NOD2, IL23R and ATG16L1 genes. Many genes have so far been implicated in prognosis of Crohn's disease and many attempts have been made to classify genetic profiles in Crohn's disease. CARD15 seems not only a susceptibility gene, but also a disease-modifier gene for Crohn's disease. Enriching our understanding on Crohn's disease genetics is important but when combining genetic data with functional data the outcome could be of major importance to clinicians.