对肥胖糖尿病患者行丙泊酚和右美托咪定的效果及对胃旁路术后麻醉复苏质量的影响

目的探讨肥胖糖尿病患者行丙泊酚和右美托咪定的效果及对胃旁路术后麻醉复苏质量的影响。方法选取医院2016年1月—2019年1月期间诊治的肥胖糖尿病患者中选取106例作研究对象,均实施胃旁路手术,并随机分组:对照组(n=53)单纯采取右美托咪定麻醉,研究组(n=53)行丙泊酚复合右美托咪定麻醉,比较两组患者术后麻醉复苏质量差异。结果研究组术后平均OAA/S评分高于对照组[(4.36±0.42)分vs(3.22±0.75)分](t=9.655,P=0.000),术后VAS(视觉模拟评分法)评分低于对照组[(2.33±0.21)分vs(5.19±0.86)分](t=23.520,P=0.000);研究组患者麻醉后睁眼时间、恢复定向力时间均短于对照组[(13.35±1.18)min、(98.12±3.54)min vs(16.88±1.54)min、(112.48±6.47)min]。结论肥胖糖尿病患者在胃旁路术中应用丙泊酚、右美托咪定联合麻醉,可提高术后麻醉复苏质量,减轻术后疼痛感。     

右美托咪定用于降低小儿消化外科手术应激反应的临床研究

目的观察右美托咪定用于小儿消化外科手术的麻醉效果及对应激反应的影响。方法选取80例消化外科手术患儿,随机分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组麻醉采用丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼,观察组联合右美托咪定。观察记录两组患儿诱导前后不同时刻的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP);手术前后不同时刻的白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平;丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量与唤醒时间及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组T_2、T_3的HR为(75.34±3.21)次/min、(76.51±4.11)次/min,MAP为(85.54±5.88)mmHg、(82.23±3.44)mmHg,均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组t2、t3时刻的IL-6、CRP均高于T_1时刻(P0.05);观察组t2、t3时刻的IL-6(41.41±8.20)pg/mL、(28.45±7.01)pg/mL,CRP为(27.59±3.46)mg/L、(20.32±4.66)mg/L,均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组丙泊酚用量、瑞芬太尼用量为(552.23±47.11)mg、(448.76±39.58)μg,唤醒时间为(11.62±1.77)min,均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率为5.00%,低于对照组10.00%(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于小儿消化外科手术可适当降低HR与MAP,减轻应激反应,减少丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼用量,不良反应少,安全有效。     

右旋美托咪定联合美托洛尔治疗蛛网膜下腔出血并心肌损伤的研究

目的:观察右旋美托咪定联合美托洛尔治疗蛛网膜下腔出血并心肌损伤的疗效。方法:131例蛛网膜下腔出血并心肌损伤患者按照随机数字法被分为对照组(31例)、美托洛尔组(34例)、右旋美托咪定组(32例)、右旋美托咪定与美托洛尔联合治疗组(34例),测定各组血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E),脑利钠肽(BNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平、并行心脏超声等评估治疗前后心肌损伤恢复情况。结果:与术前比较,美托洛尔、右旋美托咪定和联合治疗组术后1dLVEDd明显增加,术后3d开始明显减小,术后7d恢复到术前水平(P均0.05);LVEF术后1d明显降低,术后3d开始明显提高,术后7d恢复到术前水平(P均0.05);cTnI、BNP、NE和E水平术后1d明显升高,术后3d开始降低,术后7d恢复到术前水平(P均0.05);术后7d,与对照组、美托洛尔组、右旋美托咪定组比较,联合治疗组LVEDd明显减小,LVEF明显提高,心功能明显改善;血浆NE[(1.37±0.08)pmol/L、(1.05±0.09)pmol/L、(1.19±0.07)pmol/L比(1.01±0.06)pmol/L]、E[(6.17±0.41)pmol/L、(6.02±0.34)pmol/L、(6.06±0.29)pmol/L比(5.26±0.26)pmol/L],cTnI[(0.22±0.02)μg/L、(0.11±0.03)μg/L、(0.17±0.02)μg/L比(0.09±0.01)μg/L]、BNP[(1126.81±11.27)ng/L、(1014.09±14.29)ng/L、(1154.09±16.52)ng/L比(954.09±9.31)ng/L]水平明显降低(P均0.05)。结论:右旋美托咪定、美托洛尔及其两者联合治疗均可有效抑制蛛网膜下腔出血并心肌损伤,改善心功能,但联合治疗效果最好。     

全身麻醉复合不同剂量右美托咪定持续输注对老年髋部骨折患者的影响

目的评价全身麻醉复合不同剂量右美托咪定持续输注对老年髋部骨折患者的影响。方法入选2018年1月至12月汕头市潮阳区大峰医院麻醉科老年髋部骨折患者99例,随机数表法分为右美托咪定低剂量组45例和高剂量组44例。低剂量组给予0.5μg/(kg·h)右美托咪定持续输注辅助麻醉,高剂量组给予1.0μg/(kg·h)右美托咪定持续输注辅助麻醉,比较2组患者拔管和苏醒时间,麻醉前(T0)、麻醉诱导后(T1)、右美托咪定输注15 min时(T2)和手术结束时(T3)各时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),以及术前和术后2 h应激反应指标水平。应用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果低剂量组较高剂量组患者术后苏醒和拔管时间[(13.42±0.69)和(16.91±1.08)min;(20.17±2.46)和(27.63±3.02)min]短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相比T0,2组患者T1、T2、T3时间点MAP和HR均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者T0、T1、T2和T3时间点MAP和HR差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前相比,2组患者术后2 h皮质醇[(189.24±23.76)和(153.48±20.57)μg/L;(182.63±24.81)及(152.88±21.72)μg/L]和醛固酮[(49.21±8.62)和(33.76±5.80)pg/L;(47.29±4.02)和(34.07±3.97)pg/L]水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者间术前和术后2 h肾上腺素、皮质醇、去甲肾上腺素和醛固酮水平差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全麻复合高剂量与低剂量右美托咪定持续输注均可稳定老年髋部骨折患者血流动力学指标,但低剂量右美托咪定可缩短拔管和苏醒时间。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对丙泊酚靶控输注的老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的比较不同剂量右美托咪定对丙泊酚靶控输注的老年患者术后认知功能的影响。方法选取老年患者75例,随机分为丙泊酚组(n=22);右美托咪定(0.5μg/kg)+丙泊酚组(n=25例);右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg)+丙泊酚组(n=28例),比较三组术后简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分和术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率。结果与丙泊酚组相比,右美托咪定(0.5μg/kg)+丙泊酚组术后MMSE评分及PDCD发生率无明显差别,右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg)+丙泊酚组术后MMSE评分恢复较快,POCD发生率较低。结论右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg)与丙泊酚联用能明显加快老年患者术后精神状态恢复,且POCD发生率低。     

右美托咪定和丙泊酚静脉镇静对心脏瓣膜置换患者血流动力学和术后谵妄影响的比较

目的比较右美托咪定和丙泊酚静脉镇静对心脏瓣膜置换患者血流动力学参数以及术后结果的影响。方法研究采用前瞻随机对照的研究设计,连续入选2016年3月至2017年5月在玉林市第一人民医院就诊的70例年龄30岁行心脏瓣膜置换手术,并且符合入排标准的患者。在麻醉诱导后,随机接受丙泊酚0.25~1.00 mg/(kg·h)持续泵入或右美托咪定1μg/kg后以0.2~0.6μg/(kg·h)持续泵入。两组采用相同的麻醉技术和生理监测。比较两组患者的血流动力学参数(平均心率及平均动脉压),术中升压或强心药物的使用情况以及院内临床结局,术后气管插管时间,重症监护室时间和术后谵妄的发生率。结果与丙泊酚组患者相比,右美托咪定组患者的平均心率和平均动脉压显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者升压药和强心药物的使用率相近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。右美托咪定组患者术后机械通气时间和重症监护病房住院时间明显缩短[机械通气时间:(6.4±4.3)h vs.(8.9±4.5)h,P=0.020;重症监护病房停留时间:(115±24.6)h vs.(142±26.9)h,P0.001]。右美托咪定组患者谵妄风险显著低于丙泊酚组,差异有统计学意义(5.7%vs. 22.9%,P=0.040)。结论围术期静脉注射右美托咪定比丙泊酚具有更稳定的血液动力学效应,且可以降低术后谵妄的风险,并缩短患者在重症监护病房的停留时间。     

右美托咪定注射液对Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后谵妄发生的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定注射液对Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后谵妄发生的影响。方法 选取2015-06～2017-06该院收治的Stanford A型主动脉夹层且行全脉弓人工血管置换术患者117例,采用随机数字表法将其分为右美托咪定组(n=59)和丙泊酚组(n=58)。两组患者采用相同的麻醉和手术方法,入重症监护室(ICU)后,右美托咪定组采用右美托咪定0. 40～0. 80μg/(kg·h)静脉泵入,至患者拔管前30 min停用;丙泊酚组则给予丙泊酚25～40μg/(kg·min)泵入,于拔管前2 h停用。比较两组术中术后指标、术后不良反应发生率和术后谵妄发生率。结果 右美托咪定组患者机械通气时间、停药后唤醒时间、ICU停留时间和总住院时间均短于丙泊酚组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组在低血压、心动过缓及恶心/呕吐发生率方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。与丙泊酚组比较,右美托咪定组谵妄发生率更低,谵妄始发时间更迟,且谵妄持续时间较短,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 右美托咪定相比于丙泊酚,可减少Stanford A型主动脉夹层行全脉弓人工血管置换术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间,降低谵妄发生率,缩短患者总住院时间。     

丙泊酚联合右美托咪定在肺炎患者支气管-肺泡灌洗术中的临床应用

目的分析丙泊酚联合右美托咪定在肺炎患者支气管-肺泡灌洗术中的价值。 方法选择2019年12月至2021年5月我院收治的肺炎患者65例，均接受支气管-肺泡灌洗术，按术中麻醉药剂分为丙泊酚组23例、右美托咪定组22例和丙泊酚联合右美托咪定组20例，对比三组的麻醉质量、呼吸功能变化差异及实验室指标水平。 结果丙泊酚联合右美托咪定组患者麻醉达标时间、苏醒时间、灌洗所需时间及定向力恢复时间较其他两组短(P<0.05)。丙泊酚联合右美托咪定组术中患者状况及灌洗优良率都明显优于其他两组(P<0.05)。灌洗前后三组患者的pH差异较小，术前三组患者PaCO₂、PaO₂及SpO₂组间对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后丙泊酚联合右美托咪定组患者血清皮质醇(COR)、血浆儿茶酚胺(CA)及中性粒细胞(PMN)计数水平低于其他两组(P<0.05)。丙泊酚联合右美托咪定组患者产生不良反应的总发生率(19.23%)低于其他两组患者(32.69%、38.46%)(P<0.05)。 结论丙泊酚联合右美托咪定在支气管-肺泡灌洗术治疗肺炎麻醉中效果良好，显著减少患者呼吸抑制，有临床意义。     

右美托咪定对老年人硬膜外麻醉下开腹胆囊切除术牵拉反应的影响

目的观察右美托咪定用于老年人开腹胆囊切除手术对内脏牵拉反应的影响。方法择期硬膜麻醉下行小切口开腹胆囊切除手术患者60例。随机分成右美托咪定组及氟芬组。右美托咪定组患者手术切皮时开始静脉输注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,20 min输注完毕;氟芬组患者手术切皮时静注氟芬合剂2 ml。监测并记录注药前(T0)、注药后5 min(T1)、注药后10 min(T2)、牵拉胆囊时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)五个时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、镇静效果,并记录术中牵拉胆囊时有无上腹部不适、恶心呕吐、鼓肠、牵拉痛等牵拉反应发生。结果右美托咪定组抑制胆囊牵拉反应有效率为90%,氟芬组抑制胆囊牵拉反应有效率为57%,两组差异显著(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于老年人小切口开腹胆囊切除手术,能有效抑制胆囊牵拉反应不良反应少。     

右美托咪啶用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者机械通气时镇静效果分析

目的 研究右美托咪啶用于COPD患者机械通气时镇静效果.方法 入选病例来自2012年1月至2015年11月在济宁医学院附属医院重症医学科收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭行机械通气患者60例;采取前瞻随机对照方法分为2组:右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,每组30例,记录2组的APACHEⅡ评分、Ramsay评分等指标,比较2组患者机械通气时间,ICU住院时间,血压下降、心动过缓、谵妄发生率.结果 右美托咪啶组机械通气时间[(95.00±5.00) h]与咪达唑仑组通气时间[(126.00±6.00) h]相比,差异有统计学意义(t=16.65,P＜0.01);右美托咪啶组ICU住院时间[(6.10±1.50)d]与咪达唑仑组ICU住院时间[(8.20±1.70)d]相比,差异有统计学意义(t =9.34,P＜0.01).右美托咪啶组谵妄发生率与咪达唑仑组发生率相比,差异有统计学意义(x2=12.17,P＜0.01).血压下降和心动过缓的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪定用于COPD患者机械通气镇静治疗是有效的,它能缩短机械通气时间及住ICU时间,能降低谵妄发生率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.