三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌临床观察

目的：探讨枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁加左氧氟沙星加呋喃唑酮三联1周疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效及安全性。方法：选择110例符合条件的幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者，随机分为两组。治疗组采用枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁（350mg，2次／d）加左氧氟沙星（200mg，2次／d）加呋喃唑酮（100mg，2次／d），治疗7d；溃疡患者继用枸橼酸铋雷尼替丁350mg，2次／d，3周。对照组采用奥美拉唑（20mg，2次／d）加阿莫西林（1．0g，2次／d）加甲硝唑（400mg，2次／d），治疗7d；溃疡患者继用奥美拉唑20mg，1次／d，3周。疗程结束后4周及8周复查Hp，观察幽门螺杆菌根除率、症状缓解率、溃疡愈合率及不良反应等。结果：治疗组和对照组的症状缓解率、幽门螺杆菌根除率、溃疡治愈率、不良反应发生率分别为91．8％、81．6％、90，5％、32．7％和94．0％、86．0％、95．0％、28．0％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗组与对照组每例根除幽门螺杆菌费用分别为100．10元、274．68元，治疗组根除幽门螺杆菌期望成本比对照组低196．77元。结论：幽门螺杆菌加左氧氟沙星加呋喃唑酮三联1周疗法是根除幽门螺杆菌的理想方案，可作为根除幽门螺杆菌一线治疗的选择。     

A randomized comparison of triple therapy Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens in children with peptic ulcers

An open, randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy of three Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens in children with peptic ulcer disease. A total of 106 children (5 - 15 years) were treated for 1 week with metronidazole, 30 - 40 mg/kg per day depending on age, amoxycillin, 750 mg/day, and one of three anti-secretory agents: proprietary omeprazole, 20 - 40 mg/day depending on age; generic omeprazole, 20 - 40 mg/day; or ranitidine, 150 mg twice daily. The H. pylori eradication rate was significantly higher in patients receiving proprietary omeprazole (88.9%) than in those receiving generic omeprazole (80.0%) or ranitidine (74.3%), and this was associated with a trend towards faster ulcer healing. It is concluded that triple therapy consisting of an anti-secretory agent and two antimicrobials produces effective eradication of H. pylori and ulcer healing in children with peptic ulcer disease, and that proprietary omeprazole is more effective than both ranitidine and the generic formulation used in this study.     

Evaluation of the efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor-based dual and triple therapy regimens for H. pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease

To evaluate the efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of H. pylori eradication for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, a randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor-based dual and triple regimens was conducted. A decision analysis was also performed to assess H. pylori eradication compared to the conventional maintenance strategy. Two hundred and thirty-four peptic ulcer patients suffering from H. pylori infection were randomly treated with either omeprazole 20 mg bid + amoxicillin 500 mg qid + clarithromycin 400 mg bid (OAC) or with omeprazole 20 mg bid + clarithromycin 400 mg bid (OC) for 14 days. The eradication rate with OAC was 87.6% (92/105) (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 81-94%), which was significantly higher than that with OC (61.9% (60/97) (95% CI: 52-72%)) (p < 0.001, chi 2 test). Both regimens were safe and well tolerated. H. pylori eradication was more effective and less costly than conventional strategy in a long term perspective. OAC was more cost-effective than OC. In conclusion, H. pylori eradication is a cost-effective alternative to conventional treatment. We recommend 2 weeks triple regimen with omeprazole 20 mg bid + amoxicillin 500 mg qid + clarithromycin 400 mg bid (OAC) as a first-line treatment in all patients with peptic ulcers associated with H. pylori infection.     

Effectiveness of antiinfectives

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infections of mankind, with persistent colonization causing significant morbidity and mortality. TREATMENT: First-line therapy, consisting of 7-day treatment with a proton pump inhibitor or ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, with second-line therapy, consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline, in the case of failure, is chosen as the most cost-effective method of H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of these antiinfectives is limited by lack of compliance with treatment regimens, and increasing antibiotic resistance.     

History of the treatment of Helicobacter pylori and clinical efficacy

The combination of a proton pump inhibitor with antibiotics has been accepted as an effective treatment for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the most rational regimen to cure peptic ulcers. Triple therapies including two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor achieves constant and high eradication rate. The one-week, low-dose triple regimen including metronidazole has been accepted in European countries, but the new triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and clarithromycin is recommended for treatment of H. pylori infection in Japan. Quadruple therapy with two antibiotics, bismuth and a proton pump inhibitor is a second-line therapy. Triple therapy with ranitidine bismuth and two antibiotics may be promising.     

Comparative effects of omeprazole, amoxycillin plus metronidazole versus omeprazole, clarithromycin plus metronidazole on the oral, gastric and intestinal microflora in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients.

Fourteen patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were treated with 20 mg omeprazole, 1 g amoxycillin and 400 mg metronidazole bd for 7 days (OAM), and 16 patients were treated with 20 mg omeprazole, 250 mg clarithromycin and 400 mg metronidazole bd for 7 days (OCM). Saliva, gastric biopsies and faecal samples were collected before, during (day 7) and 4 weeks after treatment in order to analyse alterations of the normal microflora and to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Both treatment regimens resulted in marked quantitative and qualitative alterations. A selection of resistant streptococcal strains were noticed in both treatment groups, most apparent in the OCM group where a shift from susceptible to resistant strains was recorded. In the OAM group, six patients had overgrowth of resistant enterobacteriaceae during treatment compared with none in the OCM group, in the gastric microflora. The MICs for Enterococcus spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in faeces increased significantly during treatment in both groups. Nine patients in the OAM group became intestinally colonized by yeasts during treatment. The total anaerobic microflora was strongly suppressed in both treatment groups, although most pronounced in the OCM group, where the frequency of clarithromycin-resistant bacteroides strains increased from 2 to 76% during treatment, and remained at 59% 4 weeks post-treatment. Even if the treatment outcome was better in the OCM group (100%) than in the OAM group (71%), the amoxycillin-based treatment might be preferable from an ecological point of view, since the qualitative alterations in terms of emergence and persistence of resistant strains seemed to be most pronounced in the clarithromycin-treated group.     

Helicobacter pylori eradication: efficacy and side effect profile of a combination of omeprazole, amoxycillin and metronidazole compared with four alternative regimens

We evaluated eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in263 patients by a new 14-day regimen of omeprazole 40 mg mane(a gastric secretory inhibitor) plus two antibiotics: amoxycillin500 mg three-times daily (tds) plus metronidazole 400 mg tds.The comparative groups included updated results of our previouswork with a 14-day course of either standard triple therapy(STT, colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times daily (qds)plus tetracycline 500 mg qds and metronidazole 400 mg tds),omeprazole 40 mg once daily plus amoxycillin 500 mg tds (OA),or two modified triple therapy: either Borody's (BTT) of allthree components (colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg, tetracycline500 mg, metronidazole 200 mg) qds instead of tds, or Logan's(ITT) seven-day therapeutic regimen of colloidal bismuth subcitrate120 mg qds, amoxycillin 500 mg qds and, for the last three days,metronidazole 400 mg five times daily. Omeprazole/amoxycillin/metronidazole (OAM) therapy was bettertolerated than STT (course completion 98.1% vs. 81.4%, p <0.001). H. pylori was eradicated by OAM therapy in 53/55 (96.4%)patients with metronidazole-sensitive organisms and in 54/72(75.0%) with metronidazole-resistant isolates (p < 0.01).The respective corresponding rates for STT and OA therapy were20/22 (90.9%) and 14/29 (48.3%), (metronidazole-sensitive organisms)and 7/21 (33.3%) and 15/31 (48.4%) (infections resistant tometronidazole). BTT and LTT were also better tolerated than STT. The eradicationrate for BTT was 23/26 (88.5%) but that for LTT, the best toleratedof the five treatment regimens, was only 19/28 (67.9%) whenpretreat-ment isolates were metronidazole-sensitive. OAM therapywas better tolerated than either STT or BTT. With metronidazole-sensitiveorganisms, all three regimens eradicated about 90% of the organisms,although in our hands LTT was significantly less effective (67.9%).In patients infected with metronidazole-resistant organisms,OAM therapy was significantly (p < 0.01) more effective thanSTT (95% Cl 19.2–64.2). These results support our current practice of prescribing OAMfor patients with duodenal ulcer infected with H. pylori, reservingBTT for patients allergic to penicillin.     

High eradication rate of H. pylori with moxifloxacin-based treatment: a randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori remains a problematic treatment issue in clinical practice. The intention is to find a treatment that achieves a high rate of eradication at a low price and treatment options that are now used give us the opportunity to achieve this goal. Recently published results showing a low rate of resistance and better compliance with moxifloxacin-based treatment regimens indicate the need to investigate its efficacy in H. pylori eradication. This study is based on proving the efficacy of moxifloxacin in H. pylori eradication within the triple therapy. AIMS AND METHODS: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of one week of moxifloxacin-based treatment with the standard treatment for H. pylori eradication. Patients with H. pylori infection and non-ulcer dyspepsia (n = 277) were randomly divided into four groups to receive: moxifloxacin 400 mg/d, metronidazole 400 mg twice daily, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily (MML group); moxifloxacin 400 mg/d, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily (MAL group); clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, metronidazole 400 mg twice daily, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily (CML group); clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily (CAL group). The patients were assessed for prevalence of H. pylori using the CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before randomization and 4-6 weeks after completion of treatment. Bacterial sensitivity to clarithromycin and moxifloxacin was determined with the E-test. RESULTS: 265 (95.6%) patients completed the study forming the basis for PP analysis. Eradication rates of H. pylori in ITT and in PP analyses were: in the MML group 93.5% (58/62) and 96.7% (58/60), respectively; in the MAL group 86.4% (57/66) and 90.5% (57/63); in the CML group 70.4% (50/71) and 75.8% (50/66); and in the CAL group 78.2% (61/78) and 80.2% (61/76). Moxifloxacin treatment protocols were significantly more effective on both ITT and PP analyses than the clarithromycin based protocols with only one exception (MAL vs. CAL on ITT analysis). Among 238 patients (86% of the entire study group), strains showing primary resistance to clarithromycin were found in 10.8% and to moxifloxacin in 5.9%. Eradication of moxifloxacin sensitive/resistant strains was 98.1%/75% for MML (p < 0.01) and 91.1%/66.7% for MAL (p = n.s.); comparison of eradication of sensitive strains in MML and MAL regimens was 98.1%/91.1% (p < 0.05), and for resistant strains 75%/66.7% (p = n.s.). CML and CAL protocols did not differ in efficacy of eradication of clarithromycin sensitive or resistant strains. CONCLUSION: Moxifloxacin-based triple therapies showed higher eradication rates with few side effects and good drug compliance when compared with standard H. pylori treatments. Moreover, the increased prevalence of clarithromycin resistance suggests that moxifloxacin-based regimens could be safe and effective options in treatment of H. pylori infection.     

以四环素为主的四联疗法对根除耐药的幽门螺杆菌疗效观察

目的 研究根除幽门螺杆茵(Hp)失败(即耐药Hp)的药物治疗.方法 选择500例Hp阳性消化性溃疡、胃窦炎、糜烂性十二指肠炎患者,经2～3次抗Hp 1周三联疗法,奥美拉唑20 mg或枸橼酸铋钾颗粒(丽珠得乐)220 mg、阿莫西林1 000 mg、克拉霉素500 mg、甲硝唑400 mg,3种抗生素任选两种,每日2次,口服.Hp仍阳性(即耐药Hp)110例进入本研究.从胃窦、胃体各取一块胃黏膜组织,行Hp培养及药敏试验.结果 药敏结果对四环素、呋喃唑酮敏感.选择兰索拉唑30 mg,丽珠得乐220 mg,四环素1000 mg,呋喃唑酮100 mg,每日2次,口服,疗程2周.兰索拉唑、丽珠得乐、四环素、呋喃哇酮四联2周疗法Hp根除率迭96.4%.不良反应少,成本-效益比值大.结论 该疗法对幽九螺杆茵感染有显著疗效     

H. pylori infection and GI disease: what critical care physicians need to know. Who should be tested for H. pylori? When is treatment needed?

Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection has emerged as a major cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric malignancies. Not all patients with H. pylori infection require treatment; however, for those with ulcer disease (particularly those with bleeding), antibiotic therapy can be curative. To confirm infection (or its eradication), use the rapid urease assay, serologic examination or, when available, the urea breath test. Treatment options include triple therapy (with bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, and either tetracycline or amoxicillin) and dual therapy (with omeprazole and either amoxicillin or clarithromycin). For patients with an active ulcer, follow antibiotic therapy with ranitidine or omeprazole.     

Helicobacter pylori eradication: efficacy and side effect profile of a combination of omeprazole, amoxycillin and metronidazole compared with four alternative regimens

We evaluated eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in263 patients by a new 14-day regimen of omeprazole 40 mg mane(a gastric secretory inhibitor) plus two antibiotics: amoxycillin500 mg three-times daily (tds) plus metronidazole 400 mg tds.The comparative groups included updated results of our previouswork with a 14-day course of either standard triple therapy(STT, colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times daily (qds)plus tetracycline 500 mg qds and metronidazole 400 mg tds),omeprazole 40 mg once daily plus amoxycillin 500 mg tds (OA),or two modified triple therapy: either Borody's (BTT) of allthree components (colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120 mg, tetracycline500 mg, metronidazole 200 mg) qds instead of tds, or Logan's(ITT) seven-day therapeutic regimen of colloidal bismuth subcitrate120 mg qds, amoxycillin 500 mg qds and, for the last three days,metronidazole 400 mg five times daily. Omeprazole/amoxycillin/metronidazole (OAM) therapy was bettertolerated than STT (course completion 98.1% vs. 81.4%, p <0.001). H. pylori was eradicated by OAM therapy in 53/55 (96.4%)patients with metronidazole-sensitive organisms and in 54/72(75.0%) with metronidazole-resistant isolates (p < 0.01).The respective corresponding rates for STT and OA therapy were20/22 (90.9%) and 14/29 (48.3%), (metronidazole-sensitive organisms)and 7/21 (33.3%) and 15/31 (48.4%) (infections resistant tometronidazole). BTT and LTT were also better tolerated than STT. The eradicationrate for BTT was 23/26 (88.5%) but that for LTT, the best toleratedof the five treatment regimens, was only 19/28 (67.9%) whenpretreat-ment isolates were metronidazole-sensitive. OAM therapywas better tolerated than either STT or BTT. With metronidazole-sensitiveorganisms, all three regimens eradicated about 90% of the organisms,although in our hands LTT was significantly less effective (67.9%).In patients infected with metronidazole-resistant organisms,OAM therapy was significantly (p < 0.01) more effective thanSTT (95% Cl 19.2–64.2). These results support our current practice of prescribing OAMfor patients with duodenal ulcer infected with H. pylori, reservingBTT for patients allergic to penicillin.     

Randomized comparison of two rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND: Bismuth salts are not available worldwide. It remains unknown whether clarithromycin can replace bismuth salts as an adjuvant agent in the rescue regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection. We therefore designed the prospective study to compare the efficacies of two rescue therapies for H. pylori infection after standard triple therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-three patients who failed H. pylori eradication using proton pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin were randomly assigned to undergo rescue therapy with esomeprazole, clarithromycin, tetracycline and metronidazole (ECTM group, n = 46) or esomeprazole, bismuth subcitrate, tetracycline and metronidazole (EBTM group, n = 47). Follow-up endoscopy was performed at 8 weeks after the end of treatment to assess the treatment response. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated both groups had similar eradication rates (ECTM 74% vs. EBTM 77%; P = 0.76) and drug compliance (ECTM 94% vs. EBTM 96%; P = 0.68). However, the frequency of adverse events in the ECTM group was higher than that in EBTM group (ECTM 57% vs. EBTM 36%, P = 0.05). In the EBTM group, eradication rate of metronidazole-resistant strains was lower than that of metronidazole-susceptible strains (67%[8/12] vs. 100%[9/9], P = 0.05). However, eradication rates were similar between metronidazole-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant strains in ECTM group (69%[9/13] vs. 70%[7/10], P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The new ECTM second-line therapy can achieve similar eradication rate as standard EBTM therapy. It may be very useful in countries where bismuth salts are not available.     

A strategy for second-line anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy in eradication-failure patients

Although available H. pylori eradication regimens in Japan fail to cure 10-20% of patients, an optimal re-treatment therapy for eradication-failure patients has still not been established. Since patient compliance, bacterial resistance and genotypic differences in CYP2C19 influence the eradication rate, re-eradication therapy should be selected, taking them into consideration. In the West, meta-analysis of the second-line treatment of H. pylori infection showed therapies comprising ranitidine bismuth and two antimicrobials are very effective re-treatment therapies irrespective of factors influencing H. pylori eradication. However ranitidine bismuth is not available in Japan and re-eradication therapy consisting of PPI, amoxicillin and metronidazole have been often undertaken and have achieved high eradication rate, even including patients with metronidazole resistant H. pylori.     

Proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin versus proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-metronidazole as first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the first-line Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimen composed of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, with those of a regimen composed of proton pump inhibitor, metronidazole, and amoxicillin. Data of patients, who were administered the first-line H. pylori eradication regimen at Tokyo Medical Center between 2008 and 2011, were reviewed. All patients had H. pylori gastritis without peptic ulcer disease. The 7-day triple regimen composed of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin was administered to 55 patients, and that composed of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin was administered to 55 patients. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 74.5 and 80.4%, respectively, for the regimen of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, whereas the corresponding rates were 96.4 and 100%, respectively, for the regimen of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin. In conclusion, first-line H. pylori eradication therapy composed of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin was significantly more effective than that composed of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, without differences in tolerability.     

Comparison of the efficacy of 250 mg and 500 mg clarithromycin used with lansoprazole and amoxicillin in eradication regimens for<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis> infection

AIMS AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 250 mg and 500 mg clarithromycin used with lansoprazole and amoxicillin in eradication of H. pylori infection. 235 patients with H. pylori infections and non-ulcer dyspepsia were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 250 mg (LAC250) and lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg (LAC500). All drugs were given twice daily for 7 days. The patients were assessed for prevalence of H. pylori with the CLO test. Gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before randomization and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy were used for histology and culture. Bacterial sensitivity to clarithromycin and amoxicillin was determined with the E-test. RESULTS: 101 patients in the LAC250 mg group and 102 in the LAC500 group completed the study. On intention-to-treat analysis, eradication rates were 81% with LAC250 and 82% with LAC500 (p=0.88). On per-protocol analysis, eradication rates were 92% with LAC250 and 96% with LAC500 (p=0.23). Among the 203 patients (86% of the entire study group) for whom H. pylori antibiotic-sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance to clarithromycin was found in 9% and to amoxicillin in 0%. Eradication of clarithromycin sensitive/resistant strains was 94%/38% for LAC250 (p < 0.001) and 93%/40% for LAC500 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The cure rates for the two regimens were similar, although adverse effects were more frequent with the LAC500 regimen, suggesting that 250 mg of clarithromycin b.d. may be sufficient in our patient population.     

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and trovafloxacin in The Netherlands.

Successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is becoming compromised by emerging resistance. We report the prevalence rates of H. pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and trovafloxacin in The Netherlands. A total of 231 H. pylori clinical isolates were collected throughout the country over a period of 6 months during 1997-1998. The MICs of the above-mentioned antibiotics were determined in a single laboratory. The overall percentage of resistance for clarithromycin and metronidazole was 1.7% and 21.2%, respectively. None of the strains was resistant to amoxycillin or tetracycline. The primary resistance rate of trovafloxacin was as high as 4.7%. Since trovafloxacin has not yet been introduced on to the Dutch market, the resistance is probably induced by the use of other quinolones. Our data indicate that treatment outcome would benefit from susceptibility testing before starting therapy, especially when prescribing metronidazole.     

Exposure to metronidazole in vivo readily induces resistance in Helicobacter pylori and reduces the efficacy of eradication therapy in mice

The Helicobacter pylori SS1 mouse model was used to characterize the development of resistance in H. pylori after treatment with metronidazole monotherapy and to examine the effect of prior exposure to metronidazole on the efficacy of a metronidazole-containing eradication regimen. Mice colonized with the metronidazole-sensitive H. pylori SS1 strain were treated for 7 days with either peptone trypsin broth or the mouse equivalent of 400 mg of metronidazole once a day or three times per day (TID). In a separate experiment, H. pylori-infected mice were administered either peptone trypsin broth or the mouse equivalent of 400 mg of metronidazole TID for 7 days, followed 1 month later by either peptone trypsin broth or the mouse equivalent of 20 mg of omeprazole, 250 mg of clarithromycin, and 400 mg of metronidazole twice a day for 7 days. At least 1 month after the completion of treatment, the mice were sacrificed and their stomachs were cultured for H. pylori. The susceptibilities of isolates to metronidazole were assessed by agar dilution determination of the MICs. Mixed populations of metronidazole-resistant and -sensitive strains were isolated from 70% of mice treated with 400 mg of metronidazole TID. The ratio of resistant to sensitive strains was 1:100, and the MICs for the resistant strains varied from 8 to 64 micrograms/ml. In the second experiment, H. pylori was eradicated from 70% of mice treated with eradication therapy alone, compared to 25% of mice pretreated with metronidazole (P < 0.01). Mice still infected after treatment with metronidazole and eradication therapy contained mixed populations of metronidazole-resistant and -sensitive isolates in a ratio of 1:25. These results demonstrate that H. pylori readily acquires resistance to metronidazole in vivo and that prior exposure of the organism to metronidazole is associated with failure of eradication therapy. H. pylori-infected mice provide a suitable model for the study of resistance mechanisms in H. pylori and will be useful in determining optimal regimens for the eradication of resistant strains.     

以雷贝拉唑与加替沙星为基础的三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的效果观察

目的比较两种三联疗法根治幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的疗效及安全性。方法选择快速尿素酶及14C-尿素呼气试验确诊的80例Hp感染患者,随机分为两组,每组40例。其中雷贝拉唑组采用雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、加替沙星三联方案;枸橼酸铋钾（CBS）组用枸橼酸铋钾（CBS）、克拉霉素、加替沙星三联方案。疗程结束4周后复查快速尿素酶及14C-尿素呼气试验。结果奥美拉唑组与枸橼酸铋钾组Hp根除率分别为93.33%（40/56）和75.00%（40/45）,两种根除Hp的治疗方案比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.5664,P〈0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论雷贝拉唑、克拉霉素、加替沙星三联疗法在两种方案中Hp根治率高,值得临床推广。     

Results of an open multicenter study of the efficiency of one-week anti-helicobacter therapy using omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer

AIM: To study the efficiency of one-week antihelicobacter therapy using omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxycillin in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer during its recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 105 patients with recurrent peptic ulcer and a not less than 0.5-cm ulcer in the duodenal bulb was given triple therapy: omeprazole, 20 mg twice daily, amoxycillin, 1000 mg twice daily, and clarithromycin, 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. Then the patients were allowed to take antacids if they were required to abolish the symptoms of recurrent peptic ulcer. H. pylori was detected in the mucosal biopsy specimens taken from the anthral part and body of the stomach at gastroduodenascopy, by using the rapid urease test and histology. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and 4-6 weeks after the triple therapy. RESULTS: The major symptoms of recurrent peptic ulcer were eliminated in 90% of the patients by the end of a course of therapy, i.e. on its day 7. By the control time, the rate of ulcer cicatrization was 99.05% (104/105). The coincidence of results of the two tests has indicated that H. pylori eradication was 81.9% (86/105) 4-6 weeks after termination of treatment. Adverse reactions during therapy were observed in 20% of the patients; however, treatment had to be discontinued only in 2.9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: One-week triple therapy using omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxycillin in highly effective in treating duodenal peptic ulcer during its recurrence.     

Lansoprazole-based triple therapy versus ranitidine bismuth citrate-based dual therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer: a multicenter, randomized, double-dummy study

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment regimen for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer has yet to be determined. Based on a search of MEDLINE, no studies have been performed comparing a proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy regimen with a ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC)-based dual therapy regimen, both containing clarithromycin. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of lansoprazole (LAN)-based triple therapy with that of RBC-based dual therapy in H pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcer. METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either 1 week of triple therapy with LAN 30 mg BID, clarithromycin 500 mg BID, and tinidazole 500 mg BID, followed by 3 weeks of LAN 30 mg BID, or 2 weeks of dual therapy with RBC 400 mg BID plus clarithromycin 500 mg BID, followed by 2 weeks of RBC 400 mg BID. Eradication of H pylori was defined as negative results on both the urease quick test and histologic examination > or =4 weeks after the end of treatment. Duodenal healing and recurrence rates were assessed endoscopically at 8 weeks and 6 months. A per-protocol (PP) analysis was conducted for each efficacy end point. Also conducted were an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis in which patients with missing data were considered failures, and an observed analysis (OBS), which included patients with an evaluable result after treatment, regardless of compliance. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-five patients (126 men, 59 women; age range, 18-76 years; mean age, 43 years) were enrolled and randomized to treatment. In the LAN and RBC groups, respectively, H. pylori eradication rates were 92.6%, 93.1%, and 72.8% versus 78.6%, 77.9%, and 64.5% in the PP (P = 0.02), OBS (P = 0.01), and ITT analyses. The corresponding duodenal ulcer healing rates were 98.6%, 98.7%, and 83.7% versus 90.8%, 91.5%, and 81.7%; these differences were not statistically significant. Side effects were mild, occurring in 20.7% of LAN patients and 17.2% of RBC patients. Ulcer recurred in 2 RBC patients. No difference was observed between treatments in terms of the occurrence of gastritis or improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the PP and OBS analyses, LAN-based triple therapy was superior to RBC-based dual therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer.