声脉冲辐射力成像技术联合肝纤维化指标评估肝硬化程度的诊断价值

目的:探讨声脉冲辐射力成像技术(ARFI)联合肝纤维化指标评估肝硬化程度的诊断价值.方法:选取本院90例肝硬化患者作为观察组,按照Child-Pugh(CP)评分对患者肝硬化程度进行分级;选取45例健康体检者作为对照组.检测所有研究对象的肝纤维化4项指标:透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C),并行ARFI技术检测,测得肝实质硬度值(LS).观察不同CP评分分级的LS值与肝纤维化4项指标(HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C),采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析LS值与血清肝纤维化4项指标单用或联用对肝硬化的诊断价值.结果:观察组CP评分A、B、C三级患者的LS值和血清肝纤维化4项指标水平均明显高于对照组,且C级＞B级＞A级,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CP评分与LS值、HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C均呈正相关(r=0.782,P＜0.01;r=0.147,P＜0.05;r=0.485,P＜0.01;r=0.421,P＜0.01;r=0.262,P＜0.05).ROC曲线显示:不同CP等级的LS值的AUC均高于血清肝纤维化4项指标;而LS值与血清肝纤维化4项指标联用对不同CP等级肝硬化诊断的AUC、敏感性及特异性均高于其单用.结论:ARFI检测的LS值联合血清肝纤维化4项指标对肝硬化程度的诊断效能较高,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

乙型肝炎病毒复制对肝纤维化进程的作用

 目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒不同复制程度对肝纤维化进程的作用。方法 173例患者分为6组：慢性肝炎轻、中、重度3组,肝硬化Child-Pugh A级、B级、C级3组,采用放射免疫法测定慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PⅢP)、Ⅳ型胶原(c-Ⅳ)含量,并同时测定HBV-DVA,按阳性、阴性不同进行分组比较。结果血清IL-6、IL-8、PⅢP、c-Ⅳ含量,当HBV-DNA(+)时与HBV-DNA(-)时相比较,除在肝炎轻度组、肝硬化C级组无显著差异外(P＞0.05),其余4组皆有统计学意义,以重度组、A级组为显著(P＜0.01)。结论 乙型肝炎病毒活跃复制可加重肝脏损害,促进肝星状细胞(HSC)的活化及活化持续,从而在肝纤维化的起始、持续发展过程中具有重要作用。     

丹黄汤治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的观察中药丹黄汤(丹参、黄芪、大黄)抗慢性乙肝肝纤维化的疗效。方法将179名慢性乙肝患者随机分为4组:Ⅰ组50例;Ⅱ组49例,Ⅲ组40例,Ⅳ组40例。Ⅰ组服用丹黄汤;Ⅱ组肌注IFNα-2b;Ⅲ组服用复方丹参滴丸;Ⅳ组为对照组,按常规给予护肝降酶治疗。疗程均为3个月。常规检测肝功能,放射免疫方法检测透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)和层黏蛋白(LN)等血清肝纤维化指标,彩色多普勒检查肝脾形态、门静脉主干(Dpv)、脾静脉内径(Dsv)、门静脉血流速度(Vpv)和脾厚度(st)等肝纤维化相关血流动力学指标。结果治疗3月后,各组肝功能较治疗前均有明显改善,但治疗组与对照组比较无显著差别;各组血清纤维化指标(LN,PCⅢ,HA和Ⅳ-C)较治疗前均有显著下降,治疗组与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01),其中,Ⅰ组的作用优于Ⅱ,Ⅲ组(P<0.01),停药6月后仍优于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),对LN,HA和Ⅳ-C的作用优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);彩色多普勒观察发现,各组对肝脾形态和肝纤维化相关血流动力学指标的作用较治疗前均有改善,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的效果相当,明显强于对照组(Ⅳ组),Ⅰ组对Dpv和st的作用强于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),停药6个月后,Ⅰ组药物对Dpv和Vpv的影响仍可保持。结论中药丹黄汤能有效地改善肝功能,减轻肝纤维化程度,且疗效稳定、持久。     

谷胱甘肽对西宁地区酒精性肝炎患者血清肝纤维化相关指标的影响

目的：采用还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）治疗高海拔地区酒精性肝炎患者,并对其血清肝纤维化相关指标进行检测,以观察GSH抵制肝纤维化作用。方法：随机将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组28例,患者戒酒。治疗组：谷胱甘肽1．8g;对照组：派甘能60mL,一日一次,30天为一疗程。治疗前后空腹测血清透明质（HA）、血清层粘连蛋白（LN）、血清Ⅲ型胶原（PⅢP）、血清Ⅳ型型胶原（C-Ⅳ）。结果：通过对治疗组患者治疗前后肝纤维化四项指标含量变化测定比较发现,HA、PⅢP、C-Ⅳ,P值均〈0．01,LNP值〈0．05,具有明显差别。结论：缺氧状态下谷胱甘肽能迅速清除自由基,保护肝细胞膜,具有明显抑制肝纤维化作用,可广泛运用于高海拔酒精性肝炎的治疗。,     

慢性乙肝血清肝纤维化标志物检测临床意义

目的:评价血清肝纤维化标志物(透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原、层粘蛋白)在诊断慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)患者肝纤维化程度中的价值. 方法:应用放射免疫法检测111例慢性乙肝患者血清肝纤维化标志物:透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)和层粘蛋白(LN);采取肝穿刺活检对肝组织进行病理诊断,判断肝组织纤维化程度,分析HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ和LN变化与患者病情及肝脏病变程度的关系. 结果:HA、PCⅢ和CⅣ异常率随肝炎发病程度及肝组织纤维化程度加重而显著升高,呈显著正相关;LN异常率与肝炎发病程度及肝组织纤维化程度无显著关系.双向有序列连表统计提示,血清肝纤维化标志物联合检测在肝组织纤维化程度判断中具有显著意义(χ2=14.277,P=0.002),血清肝纤维化标志物联合检测异常数量与肝组织纤维化程度为正相关(r=0.499,P=0.001). 结论:血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ联合检测可用于肝组织纤维化程度的判断.     

丹红注射液联合甘利欣治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的探讨丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法选取192例慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者,随机分为治疗组110例,对照组82例,治疗组用丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗,对照组单用甘利欣注射液。观察疗程结束前后患者血清透明质酸（HA）、血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PC-Ⅲ）、层粘蛋白（LN）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）、肝功能指标变化及临床疗效。结果治疗组血清肝纤维化指标、肝功能指标下降明显,而白蛋白有明显升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论丹红注射液联合甘利欣注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎,可有效减轻和延缓肝纤维化的发生与发展,对肝纤维化指标和肝功能有明显改善作用。     

苦参素对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清TGF-β1、TNF -α及肝纤维化指标的影响

 目的探讨苦参素在慢性乙型肝炎中抗肝纤维化的作用机制.方法采用ELISA和RIA方法对治疗Ⅰ组(对照组)和治疗Ⅱ组(苦参素组)患者治疗前及治疗3月后的慢性肝炎轻度、中度、重度及肝硬化患者171例血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PcⅢ)、Ⅳ胶原(C-Ⅳ)、层连蛋白(LN)含量进行测定,并设立30例健康献血人员作为正常组.结果治疗前两组患者血清TGF-β1、TNF-α、HA、PcⅢ、C-Ⅳ、LN均不同程度的升高,与正常组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗后均有不同程度的降低,治疗Ⅱ组治疗后与治疗前相比明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并与治疗Ⅰ组在慢性肝炎中度、重度、肝硬化间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论苦参素具有逆转肝纤维化的作用,有部分机制通过抑制TGF-β1、TNF-α的分泌,并且具有良好的耐受性.     

硫普罗宁联合丹参注射液对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化指标的影响

目的观察硫普罗宁联合丹参注射液对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化指标的影响。方法 80例患者随机分为两组:治疗组和对照组,每组各40例;对照组患者采用丹参注射液20ml加入10%葡萄糖250ml内,静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程1个月。治疗组患者在对照组的基础上加用硫普罗宁200mg加入10%葡萄糖250ml内,静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程1个月。两组基础治疗相同。治疗前后分别检测肝纤维化指标:透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Ⅳ-C)。结果治疗组治疗前后血清肝纤维化指标均有明显下降(P<0.01)。对照组治疗前后HA,PC III有所下降,而Ⅳ-C,LN下降不明显。治疗组4项指标的下降值显著,优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论硫普罗宁联合丹参注射液治疗慢性乙型肝炎,能显著改善肝纤维化指标,可以有效抑制肝纤维化的发生与发展。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化指标与HBV-DNA的相关性

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎血清肝纤维化指标与HBV-DNA的相关性。方法 收集我院2010年3月~2013年5月收治的慢性乙型肝炎患者480例,将其按HBV-DNA水平分为5组(A组HBV-CAN<103IU/L,B组103IU/L≤HBV-CAN<105IU/L,C组105IU/L≤HBV-CAN<106IU/L,D组106IU/L≤HBV-CAN<108IU/L,E组HBV-CAN≥108IU/L),比较其血清HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN水平和肝纤维化程度,并进行HBV-DNA与肝纤维化指标的Spearman相关性分析。结果 不同HBV-DNA水平患者肝纤维化指标HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HBV-DNA与肝纤维化指标相关性分析发现,HBV-DNA与HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN相关系数分别为0.874、0.815、0.748和0.789(均P<0.05)。结论 慢性乙型肝炎病毒载量HBV-DNA与肝纤维化指标HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN之间存在相关关系,但乙肝肝纤维化判断应联合转氨酶等综合分析。     

NAFLD血清肝纤维化指标与~1H-MRS测定肝内脂肪含量的相关性研究

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝病患者(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients,NAFLD)血清肝纤维化指标与选定区域MR氢质子波谱(1 H-MR spectroscopy,1 H-MRS)定量检测肝内脂肪含量的相关性。方法对100例NAFLD(单纯性非酒精性脂肪肝患者55例,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者45例)及50例健康志愿者行常规MR扫描及1 H-MRS检查,所有入选者采用放射免疫分析法(radioimmunoassay,RIA)测定血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)四个肝纤维化指标。MR扫描包括T1WI、T2WI及1 H-MRS。感兴趣区选择右前叶及左内叶少血管及胆管区域,扫描不应用水饱和技术,对所得数据进行相关性分析。结果正常对照组MRS可见明显高耸的水峰及低平或无脂质峰,脂肪肝组可见明显水峰及脂质峰。脂肪肝组脂质峰下面积普遍较正常组高,有统计学意义;脂肪肝组水峰下面积较正常组低,无统计学意义。肝炎组随着肝纤维化指标的升高,肝内脂肪含量减低(P0.05);脂肪肝组与肝炎组及健康对照组比较血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ的值明显增大(P0.05);脂肪肝组患者肝纤维化指标较健康对照组无明显增高(P0.05)。结论 1 H-MRS技术定量检测脂肪肝是可行、无创定量评估肝内脂肪含量的方法。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎有肝纤维化趋势,肝内脂肪含量与肝纤维化的进展密切相关。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.