脱细胞异体真皮基质预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征和面部凹陷的临床研究

目的评价脱细胞异体真皮基质(ADM)组织补片预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征和面部凹陷畸形的临床效果。方法将50例腮腺切除术的患者随机分成组织补片组和对照组,每组各25例。组织补片组腮腺切除术后在腮腺切除创面置入ADM组织补片,对照组行常规腮腺浅叶切除术。术后1年统计2组味觉出汗综合征的主观症状及客观测定阳性例数和患者对面部外形的满意例数。结果术后1年复查时组织补片组和对照组出现味觉出汗综合征主观症状的例数分别为1例和10例,客观测定阳性的例数分别为2例和16例,2组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组患者对面部外形的满意例数分别为22例和8例;差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论ADM局部应用对预防腮腺术后味觉出汗综合征及面部凹陷畸形的发生有较好的作用。     

腮腺良性肿瘤切除的改良术式

目的　探讨保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜、耳大神经和胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的改良腮腺切除术对术后并发症的预防效果。方法　226例腮腺良性肿瘤患者随机分为4组。1组:94例患者采用保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜的腮腺切除术式;2组: 42例患者采用保留筋膜加胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的术式;3组:57例患者采用传统的皮下瓣(不保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜);4 组:33例患者采用不保留筋膜加胸锁乳突肌瓣整复的术式。患者术后随访2年,每2月1次。通过Minor试验和主观感受,观察术后患者味觉出汗综合征的发生,评价患者耳垂麻木和耳垂区软组织凹陷情况。结果　味觉出汗综合征的发生率1组(5·32%)或2组(4·76%)与3组(49·1%)或4组(51·5%)间在主观感受上存在统计学差异(P< 0·005)。采用胸锁乳突肌瓣与否没有统计学差异(P>0·05)。微量淀粉碘试验检测示1组与3组或4组间有统计学差异(P<0·005)。味觉出汗综合征的症状持续时间在1组与3组或4组间有统计学差异(P<0·001)。1组和2 组或3组和4组间在防止耳垂凹陷上存在统计学差异(P<0·05);未采用胸锁乳突肌瓣的2组与4组间无统计学差异(P>0·05)。保留耳大神经后术区出现麻木症状较术前无明显改变。结论　腮腺切除术时保留腮腺嚼肌筋膜对预防味觉出汗综合征有显著效果。采用胸锁乳突肌瓣整复可以防止耳垂区的凹陷,取得较好的美学效果。保留耳大神经可预防术区感觉降低。     

SMAS folded flap and allograft dermal matrix repairing parotid bed following parotidectomy to prevent facial deformity and Frey''''s syndrome

PURPOSE:This study evaluates the outcome of superficial musculoaponeurotic system(SMAS) and allograft dermal matrix(ADM) in preventing facial deformity and Frey's syndrome following parotidectomy.METHODS:Forty-six patients with benign parotid tumors were randomly assigned to 4 groups.The control group consisted of 12 patients who underwent a total parotidectomy;The AMD group consisted of 10 patients who underwent a total parotidectomy and underwent intraoperative placement of ADM within the parotid bed;SMAS group consisted of 11patients who underwent a total parotidectomy and SMAS folded flaps to repair parotid bed;and SMAS plus AMD group consisted of 13 patients who underwent a total parotidectomy and intraoperative placement of ADM to repair parotid bed with SMAS folded flaps.All 46 patients were evaluated via a short questionnaire regarding perception of a facial contour deformity,Frey's syndrome,modified Minor's starch-Iodine test(MSIT) ,and clinical examination.RESULTS:Twelve months of follow-up was conducted after the treatment,the rates of satisfaction with the post-operative facial contour were 33.3%(4/12) ,40.0%(4/10) ,91.9%(10/11) and 100%(13/13) respectively in the control group,AMD group,SMAS group and SMAS plus AMD group,and the difference between the SMAS plus AMD group and the former two groups was statistically significant(P< 0.05) .The incidences of objective Frey's syndrome by MSIT were 50.0 %(6/12) ,20.0%(2/10) ,27.3%(3/11) and 7.7%(1/13) respectively,and the difference between the SMAS plus AMD group and the control groups was statistically significant(P<0.05) .CONCLUSION:The SMAS folded flap is clinically simple to perform,which can prevent depressed facial deformity.Combination of SMAS folded flap and ADM can reduce the incidence of Frey's syndrome in patients undergoing parotidectomy.     

颈阔肌瓣防治味觉出汗综合征

目的:探讨手术同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损对味觉出汗综合征的预防作用及美学效果,同时探讨味觉出汗综合征的病理生理机制.方法:回顾性分析近2 年9 例手术同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损患者,观察患者术后是否出现味觉出汗综合征及术区凹陷.结果:所有患者均未出现味觉出汗综合征,术区凹陷不明显.结论:同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损对预防味觉出汗综合征可能有一定的作用,且可降低术区凹陷,为一种理想的腮腺肿瘤术式.     

改良腮腺筋膜瓣术式对预防Frey’s综合征的作用

目的：为了提高腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性切除术的手术效果．减少术后味觉性出汗综合征（Frey’s综合征）的发生。方法：治疗组选择32例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行保留腮腺筋膜的区域性切除术，常规筋膜上翻瓣，然后切开筋膜制作腮腺筋膜瓣。切除肿瘤及瘤周部分腺体组织，对位缝合筋膜瓣，复位分层缝合皮瓣。对照组选择30例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行常规筋膜上翻瓣的区域性切除术，比较两种术式的手术效果。结果：治疗组的32例病人，无1例发生Frev’s综合征，对照组的30例病人，有6例发生Frey’s综合征（占20％），两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：腮腺筋膜瓣在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域性切除术中的应用，对预防术后Frey＇s综合征的发生有重要的临床作用。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的:探讨腮腺手术中同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移术修复面部凹陷畸形的效果,及其对味觉出汗综合征(Frey综合征)预防作用。方法:对29例腮腺肿瘤病人行肿瘤加腮腺深叶或全叶切除术,其中18例同期行蒂在上的胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复术为研究组;剩余11例,只行腮腺肿瘤切除术为对照组。术后随访观察治疗结果。结果:两组术后切口均I期愈合。经过12¹8个月随访,研究组侧面外形良好,颈部外形及功能正常,未出现Frey综合征。对照组,面部外形较差,5例出现Frey综合征。结论:胸锁乳突肌瓣转移术能明显改善腮腺肿瘤术后面侧部畸形,同时能有效降低味觉出汗综合征发生率。     

腮腺咬肌筋膜在腮腺肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的:探讨在腮腺切除手术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜预防腮腺切除术后并发症的效果。方法 :对21例腮腺良性肿瘤患者行肿瘤切除术的同时保留了腮腺咬肌筋膜,术后随访6～30个月。结果:20例患者手术获得成功,仅有1例于19个月后肿瘤复发,4例出现味觉出汗综合征。结论:在腮腺良性肿瘤切除手术中完好地保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,对预防术后味觉出汗综合征有明显效果,并且是安全、可靠的。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的:探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除术同期用胸锁乳突肌瓣修复面部凹陷畸形,及预防味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法:共141例腮腺良性肿瘤患者,行腮腺肿瘤及部分浅叶切除术。其中48例同期行胸锁乳突肌瓣转移修复,另93例未行组织瓣修复。术后6月～3年,观察面部畸形情况,并行碘-淀粉试验检查做客观评价。结果:常规手术组(对照组)均有不同程度的患侧面部凹陷畸形,93例患者中碘-淀粉试验阳性30例,占32.3%;胸锁乳突肌瓣转移组(实验组)面部凹陷均不明显,48例中碘-淀粉试验阳性3例,占14.6%,两组间存在显著差异(x2=7.40,P<0.01)。结论:腮腺良性肿瘤切除术同期行胸锁乳头肌瓣转移修复,可以有效治疗术后面部凹陷畸形及预防Frey's综合征的发生。     

预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征的临床研究

目的：评价应用异种脱细胞真皮基质修复膜重建腮腺咬肌筋膜预防腮腺切除术后味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法：将2007年1-10月期间40例因腮腺肿瘤需进行腮腺浅叶或全叶切除的患者随机分成两组,研究组缝合术创时在面神经表面与皮瓣之间插入异种脱细胞真皮基质修复膜,重建被切除的腮腺咬肌筋膜;对照组不植入任何隔离物。术后进行追踪随访,采取主观问卷和客观评价的方法进行疗效评析。结果：术后随访10到18个月,平均13个月。所有患者的手术均获得成功,术后未见肿瘤复发;研究组味觉出汗综合征发病率为5%（1/20）;对照组味觉出汗综合症发病率为55%（11/20）,两组统计学有显著差异（P〉0.01）。结论：应用异种脱细胞真皮基质修复膜重建腮腺咬肌筋膜,有助于防止腮腺切除术后神经错位生长,减少出汗味觉综合征发生,是一种简单易行、值得推广的方法。     

Prospective randomised trial of the benefits of a sternocleidomastoid flap after superficial parotidectomy

Parotid surgery can cause postoperative facial nerve dysfunction, cosmetic impairment, and Frey's syndrome. Thirty-six patients listed for superficial parotidectomy were entered into a prospective randomised trial to find out if the use of a sternocleidomastoid flap could reduce the incidence of these complications. Partial facial nerve paresis was seen at 3 months in five patients in whom flaps were raised compared with six among those who did not have flaps (P=0.025). There was no difference between the two groups at 1 year. The flap was not associated with an improvement in either subjective (P=0.13) or objective (P=0.12) appearance measured on visual analogue scales. Eight patients in whom flaps were raised described symptoms suggestive of Frey's syndrome, compared with nine patients in whom a flap was not raised (P=0.31). Overall 19 of those who had a flap and 11 of those who did not had a positive starch-iodine test (P=0.21).     

Parotidectomy: assessment of a surgical technique including facelift incision and SMAS advancement.

BACKGROUND: Despite its proven safety and its relevance regarding the cosmetic outcome, the SMAS-lifting technique is not a routine procedure for many surgeons. AIM: To compare the classical (subcutaneous flap and neck incision) with the SMAS-lifting techniques for parotidectomies from the patient's perspective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Both procedures are described, tricks are pointed out. In both procedures the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve was not preserved, hence the two procedures were not evaluated regarding sensitivity of the auricle and preauricular area. Forty consecutive patients were asked to classify their concerns before (1-4 months) and 1 year after surgery (10 classical technique and 30 SMAS-lifting technique). RESULT: Before parotidectomy, patients were concerned in a decreasing order with the facial nerve function, the scar, the soft-tissue defect in the dorsal part of the cheek and Frey's syndrome. Following use of the classical technique, patients were concerned in decreasing order with the soft-tissue defect, the scar and Frey's syndrome. Following the SMAS technique, no one was concerned with the scar, Frey's syndrome, or the soft tissue defect although a slight asymmetry could still be noticed. CONCLUSION: The SMAS-lifting technique might possibly appear to offer a new standard procedure for parotidectomy, except for malignant tumours or in obese patients.     

Preventing post-surgical complications by modification of parotidectomy

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the complications of patients with benign parotid disease treated by modified parotidectomy through conserving the sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (sub-SMAS), great auricular nerve (GAN), and reconstruction by sternocleidomastoid flap (SF). Between 1997 and 2001, 226 patients with benign parotid disease were operated. Patients were retrospectively assigned to four groups according to the surgical technique: I (94) sub-SMAS flap, II (42) sub-SMAS and reconstruction by SF, III (57) subcutaneous flap (sub-CF), and IV (33) sub-CF and reconstruction by SF. The GAN was conserved in all patients. RESULTS: After a minimum follow up of 24 months, Frey's syndrome (FS) and cosmetic appearance were evaluated. The incidence of FS in Groups I and II was significantly lower than in patients with sub-CF. A significant difference between the groups with and without SF existed in preventing the concavity of the auricular lobule at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation, but no significant difference existed between Group I vs II and Group II vs III at 12 months after surgery. The sensitivity of the auricular lobule was not changed. CONCLUSIONS: Complete parotidectomy with sub-SMAS successfully prevents FS, and combined with SF provides improved aesthetic results. Conserving GAN can prevent the sensation of the auricular lobule.     

胸锁乳突肌瓣联合人工生物膜修复腮腺切除术后缺损的临床观察

目的 评价腮腺切除术后应用胸锁乳突肌瓣联合人工生物膜改善面部凹陷畸形、预防味觉出汗综合征的效果. 方法 68例患者随机分为2组,修复组36例,采用胸锁乳突肌瓣联合人工生物膜修复腮腺切除术后创面;对照组32例,术后创面不做修复. 随访6~24 个月,比较2组患者术后面部凹陷畸形及味觉出汗综合征的发生率. 结果 修复组和对照组面部凹陷畸形发生率分别为8. 33%(3/36)和81. 25%(26/32),修复组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2 =36. 83,P<0. 05);修复组和对照组味觉出汗综合征的发生率分别为5. 56%(2/36)和62. 50%(20/32),修复组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2 =25. 10,P<0. 05);2组均无颈部运动障碍发生.结论 胸锁乳突肌瓣联合人工生物膜修复腮腺切除术后缺损对改善术后面部凹陷畸形及预防味觉出汗综合征有显著效果.     

腮腺咬肌筋膜和脱细胞异体真皮基质在预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征中的临床应用

目的：探讨腮腺咬肌筋膜和脱细胞异体真皮基质（ADM）用于腮腺手术后味觉出汗综合征的效果。方法：2005.1～2007.12.收治腮腺良性肿瘤患者58例,随机分为4组：①对照组（A组）15例,单纯行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术;②保留咬肌筋膜组（B组）15例,在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜;③ADM组（C组）12例,行不保留咬肌筋膜的腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术后,根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮;④ADM＋保留咬肌筋膜组（D组）16例,在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,并根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮。所有病例术后随访,进行临床检查及碘-淀粉试验。结果：A组12/15例（80.0%）、B组2/15例（13.33%）、C组2/12例（16.67%）、D组1/16例（1.32%）出现味觉出汗综合征（碘淀粉试验阳性）,D组和B、C组比较,统计学有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：在腮腺浅叶或部分浅叶切除术中保留腮腺咬肌筋膜,并根据缺损大小植入脱细胞异体真皮能明显减小味觉出汗综合征的发生率。     

Temporoparietal fascia flaps and superficial musculoaponeurotic system plication in parotid surgery reduces Frey's syndrome.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of Frey's syndrome after parotid gland surgery with elevation of a skin flap versus the interposition of musculoaponeurotic tissue between the skin and the facial nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The standard skin flap was used in 122 patients (1981 to 1989), whereas interposition of temporoparietal galea or superficial musculoaponeurotic system was performed in 146 consecutive patients (1989 to 1998). RESULTS: The incidence of Frey's syndrome was reduced from 33% to 4% with the use of a musculoaponeurotic layer, and the mean duration of postoperative facial nerve paresis decreased from 3 months to 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration should be given to the use of an interpositional layer of tissue between the facial nerve and the skin flap to reduce the incidence of Frey's syndrome after parotid gland surgery.     

Frey-Syndrom nach lateraler Parotidektomie

Background: Gustatory sweating is a common complication of parotid surgery.¶Patients and methods: In order to evaluate the incidence of Frey’s syndrome following superficial parotidectomy, 69 patients who underwent surgery due to adenoma were studied. Forty-three patients (62%) suffered from gustatory sweating following superficial parotidectomy, and 33 of them requested treatment. Nineteen patients felt that their quality of life had been decreased by the symptoms. Results: Minor’s starch iodine test proved that 85% of the patients who did not notice Frey’s syndrome after surgery actually had a subclinical manifestation. Eight patients were successfully treated with intracutaneous injections of botulinum toxin A. Within 1 week gustatory sweating disappeared. Conclusion: Frey’s syndrome is present in almost all patients following superficial parotidectomy and there is a strong need for treatment. Intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment in severe cases of the syndrome.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质在预防Frey综合征中的应用

目的：探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质在降低腮腺部分切除术后Frey综合征的临床疗效。方法：腮腺部分切除术73例,根据患者意愿分为植入组36例,腮腺切除术后植入异种脱细胞真皮基质,对照组37例,腮腺切除术后不植入任何材料,观察两组患者术后Frey综合征的发生情况。结果：植入组Frey综合征发生率2．78％（1／36）;对照组发生率67．57％（25／37）。两组检验结果,χ2=37．179,p〈0．05,有显著差异。结论：使用异种脱细胞真皮基质可以有效预防Frey综合征的发生。     

胸锁乳突肌瓣在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中应用胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区缺损并预防Frey综合征的效果。方法腮腺良性肿瘤患者120例,随机分为试验组60例、对照组60例。试验组在切除腮腺肿瘤后,转移带蒂胸锁乳突肌瓣充填术区凹陷;对照组在切除腮腺肿瘤后,直接关闭创口。2组随访1．5—5．0年。结果2组患者伤口均1期愈合。对照组创区术后凹陷发生牢为100％（60／60）,Frey综合征发生率为83．33％（50／60）;试验组创区术后凹陷发生率为3．33％（2／60）,Fre）,综合征发生率为11．76％（7／60）。2组间创区术后凹陷差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10．362,P=0．0014）,2组间Frey综合征发生率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18．154,P=0．0078）。结论胸锁乳突肌瓣可改善腮腺良性肿瘤切除术后的局部凹陷并降低Frey综合征发生率。     

改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术21例报道

目的：对常规腮腺良性肿瘤切除术进行改进，使切口更加隐蔽，保护耳大神经，减少Frey’s综合征的发生，同时纠正术区凹陷。方法：采取改良除皱术切口，清晰显露解剖耳大神经；转移带蒂颞肌筋膜瓣充填术区缺损，并作为屏障阻断副交感神经与节后交感神经纤维互相吻合的途径。结果：21例接受改良手术的病人，皮肤切口隐藏良好，20例伤口一期愈合，随访6月—2年，无1例发生Frey’s综合征，术侧耳垂感觉完全恢复。结论：改良腮腺肿瘤手术既能彻底摘除肿瘤，又可防止术后局部凹陷畸形和Frey’s综合征的发生，值得推广应用。     

保留腮腺咬肌筋膜的腮腺切除术

目的:探讨在腮腺切除手术的同时保留并重建腮腺咬肌筋膜是否能够有效预防味觉出汗综合征的发生。方法:通过对 31例在腮腺切除术中保留、重建腮腺咬肌筋膜的患者进行术后随访,并采用咀嚼维生素C片诱导及碘 淀粉试验检测,观察术后味觉出汗综合征的发病率。结果:在调查的 31例患者中,仅有 3例患者发现有潮红和出汗现象,较传统腮腺切除术的发病率明显降低,发生率仅为 9. 69%。结论:切除腮腺时保留并重建腮腺咬肌筋膜对术后味觉出汗综合征的预防有显著效果。