赤丹丸抗炎镇痛的药效学研究

目的研究赤丹丸 (CDW )的抗炎、镇痛及对微循环的作用。方法采用冰乙酸致扭体、二甲苯致耳肿胀、塑料管致大鼠子宫炎及显微镜下观察小鼠耳廓微循环等实验方法。结果灌胃给予CDW对冰乙酸所致小鼠炎症性疼痛有明显的抑制作用 ,能显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀和塑料管所致大鼠子宫肿胀 ,能明显促进小鼠耳廓微循环。结论赤丹丸具有较好的抗炎、镇痛及促进微循环的作用。     

接骨丹胶囊的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：评价接骨丹胶囊的抗炎镇痛作用。方法：用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、鸡蛋清致大鼠足爪肿胀及大鼠肉芽肿炎症模型,考察接骨丹胶囊的抗炎作用;用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法,观察接骨丹胶囊的镇痛作用。结果：接骨丹胶囊灌胃给药。可明显减轻小鼠耳肿胀度,降低鸡蛋清致大鼠足爪肿胀,抑制大鼠肉芽肿;对小鼠醋酸扭体和热板反应均呈剂量相关性镇痛作用。结论：接骨丹胶囊对急慢性炎症反应均有明显的抑制作用,对热和化学刺激引起的疼痛反应有明显的镇痛作用。     

胆乐胶囊的抗炎与镇痛作用研究

目的　研究胆乐胶囊的抗炎与镇痛作用。方法　采用蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加和扭体进行抗炎镇痛作用研究。结果　胆乐胶囊能明显抑制蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,并能明显抑制醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加和扭体数。结论　胆乐胶囊具有较好的抗炎与镇痛作用。     

胆乐胶囊的抗炎与镇痛作用研究

目的：研究胆乐胶囊的抗炎与镇痛作用。方法：采用蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀，二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加和扭体进行抗炎镇痛作用研究。结果：胆乐胶囊能明显抑制蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀，并能明显抑制醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加和扭体数。结论：胆乐胶囊具有较好的抗炎与镇痛作用。     

风痛宁凝胶的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究风痛宁凝胶外涂给药的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,大鼠蛋清性足肿、小鼠扭体反应、大鼠水浴甩尾模型,外涂给药,观察风痛宁凝胶的抗炎、镇痛作用。结果:风痛宁凝胶能减轻二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀、明显减少冰醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数,提高大鼠对温热刺激的痛阈值。结论:风痛宁凝胶具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

头顶一棵珠抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:探讨头顶一棵珠的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀等常规抗炎模型;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果:头顶一棵珠提取物可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀及蛋清引起的大鼠足跖肿胀,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的增重及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值。结论:富硒头顶一棵珠有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

五鹤续断抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:探讨五鹤续断的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀等常规抗炎模型;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果:五鹤续断提取物可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀及蛋清引起的大鼠足跖肿胀,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的增重及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值。结论:富硒五鹤续断有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

黏膜溃疡散的药效学研究

目的观察黏膜溃疡散的抗炎、镇痛及对实验性口腔溃疡的治疗作用。方法采用大鼠实验性口腔溃疡、小鼠醋酸扭体及巴豆油致耳肿胀等模型,测定给药后溃疡面积的大小和耳肿胀度,观察扭体次数。结果黏膜溃疡散明显减小实验性口腔溃疡模型大鼠溃疡直径、减少醋酸致小鼠扭体的次数、抑制小鼠耳肿胀。结论黏膜溃疡散有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用,并对实验性口腔溃疡有明显的治疗作用。     

愈伤灵膏的抗炎镇痛作用

目的研究愈伤灵膏的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用血管通透性实验、小鼠耳肿胀实验、大鼠角叉菜胶性足跖肿胀实验、小鼠光热法及醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应等炎症、疼痛模型考察愈伤灵膏的抗炎镇痛作用。结果愈伤灵膏可明显抑制烫伤部位毛细血管通透性 ;对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用 ;对光热致小鼠足部疼痛、醋酸致小鼠扭体均有明显的镇痛效果。结论愈伤灵膏具有明显的抗炎、镇痛药效     

复方丹参颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用的实验研究

目的观察复方丹参颗粒抗炎、镇痛作用。方法通过制造小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿及冰醋酸致小鼠扭体反应模型,观察复方丹参颗粒的抗炎、镇痛作用。结果复方丹参颗粒可明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿生长及小鼠扭体反应,与模型对照组比较,存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论复方丹参颗粒具有明显抗炎与镇痛作用。     

甘糖酯对实验性微循环障碍的保护作用

应用甘糖酯（ＰＧＭＳ）对实验性大鼠肠系膜微循环障碍的影响进行了观察，并通过流速，流态，存活率等指标评价ＰＧＭＳ的活性作用，结果提示ＰＧＭＳ能显著地改善了内脏微循环功能，减轻羊水造成的微循环损害。     

葛根素对小鼠实验性微循环障碍的改善作用

本文报告了葛根素对肾上腺素(Adr)引起的小鼠肠系膜微循环障碍的影响,并与罂粟碱作比较。结果表明,预先局部滴注0.5%葛根素能够拮抗Adr所致微动脉收缩、流速减慢和流量减少;而局部先滴注Adr造成微循环障碍后,再局部滴注1%葛根素,获得与上类似结果。给小鼠ⅳ葛根素(52 mg/kg)后再局部滴注Adr,可减轻Adr引起的微动脉收缩、流速减慢和流量减少,其作用优于罂粟碱。因此葛根素可改善实验性微循环障碍。     

吡拉格雷钠对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠微循环和内皮功能的影响

目的：研究抗脑缺血药物吡拉格雷钠对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑微血管血流量以及血管内皮功能的影响。方法采用改良的线栓法,建立大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞（ NCAO）脑缺血再灌注模型,以激光多普勒血流仪监测各给药组对大鼠脑微循环血流的影响,并采用酶联免疫ELISA法检测大鼠血浆中血管假vWF、TN、EPCR水平。结果吡拉格雷钠各给药组均使NCAO大鼠脑微循环血流量明显升高,并显著性降低vWF、TN、EPCR在大鼠血浆中含量。结论吡拉格雷钠能够明显改善NCAO大鼠脑微循环血流量并且对vWF、TN、EPCR均有抑制作用,对血管内皮细胞有明显的保护作用。     

Hemostatic action of OC-108, a novel agent for hemorrhoids, is associated with regional blood flow arrest induced by acute inflammation

Clinically, hemorrhoidal bleeding and prolapse disappeared immediately after injection of the sclerosing agent OC-108 into submucosa of hemorrhoids. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action responsible for the immediate hemostatic effect of OC-108 using anesthetized rats. Subcutaneous injection of OC-108 in rats decreased blood flow at the injection site within 5 min. Aluminum potassium sulfate, one of the main ingredients of OC-108, reduced the skin blood flow. However, tannic acid, another main ingredient, did not. By perfusion of OC-108 on the mesenteric surface, microcirculatory blood flow was arrested without remarkable change in blood vessel diameter, accompanied by increased vascular permeability and venous hematocrit. These results indicate that OC-108 induces regional blood flow arrest with rapid onset, this effect being attributed to the action of aluminum potassium sulfate, and that hemoconcentration due to increased vascular permeability (plasma extravasation), an acute inflammatory reaction, is involved in the mechanisms of the immediate hemostatic action of OC-108.     

芪参健骨颗粒对激素性股骨头坏死大鼠血液流变和小鼠微循环的影响

目的考察芪参健骨颗粒对股骨头坏死模型大鼠血液流变学及小鼠微循环的影响。方法血流变试验:SD大鼠分为正常组、模型组、低、中、高剂量给药组、阳性对照组,采用全自动血流变快测仪测量各组大鼠的血液流变值。微循环实验:ICR小鼠分为空白组,低、中、高剂量给药组,采用多普勒微循环仪考察各组小鼠微循环。结果芪参健骨颗粒能调节激素性股骨头坏死大鼠血流变,低、中剂量药物具有较好的调节血液流变学的作用;各剂量给药组均能促进小鼠耳部微循环。结论芪参健骨颗粒能明显改善激素性股骨头坏死模型的血流变和促进正常小鼠微循环,从而防治激素性股骨头坏死。     

Anandamide mediates hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic rats via CB(1) and VR(1) receptors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperdynamic circulation and mesenteric hyperaemia are found in cirrhosis. To delineate the role of endocannabinoids in these changes, we examined the cardiovascular effects of anandamide, AM251 (CB(1) antagonist), AM630 (CB(2) antagonist) and capsazepine (VR1 antagonist), in a rat model of cirrhosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation. Controls underwent sham operation. Four weeks later, diameters of mesenteric arteriole and venule (intravital microscopy), arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow were measured after anandamide, AM251 (with or without anandamide), AM630 and capsazepine administration. CB(1), CB(2) and VR1 receptor expression in SMA was assessed by western blot and RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: Anandamide increased mesenteric vessel diameter and flow, and cardiac output in cirrhotic rats, but did not affect controls. Anandamide induced a triphasic arterial pressure response in controls, but this pattern differed markedly in cirrhotic rats. Pre-administration of AM251 blocked the effects of anandamide. AM251 (without anandamide) increased arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, constricted mesenteric arterioles, decreased SMA flow and changed cardiac output in a time-dependent fashion in cirrhotic rats. Capsazepine decreased cardiac output and mesenteric arteriolar diameter and flow, and increased systemic vascular resistance in cirrhotic rats, but lacked effect in controls. Expression of CB(1) and VR1 receptor proteins were increased in cirrhotic rats. AM630 did not affect any cardiovascular parameter in either group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These data suggest that endocannabinoids contribute to hyperdynamic circulation and mesenteric hyperaemia in cirrhosis, via CB(1)- and VR1-mediated mechanisms.     

Effects of platelet-activating factor on rat mesenteric microcirculation

The actions of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on rat mesenteric microcirculation were studied by laser Doppler microscopy in vivo. PAF 0.2 -0.6 micrograms/kg iv produced a dose-related decrease in the blood flow velocity and an increase in the diameters of the mesenteric arterioles and venules. These responses were completely reversed by pretreatment with PAF receptor antagonist SRI 63441. The results suggest that PAF may be a mediator of microcirculatory disturbances in the disease conditions associated with excessive PAF release.     

Human safety risk assessment of lymph node angiomas observed in 2-year carcinogenicity studies in rats

The occurrence of mesenteric lymph node angiomas (benign vascular neoplasms including lymphangioma and hemangioma) in untreated control rats in 2-year carcinogenicity studies can range from rare to common depending on the strain used. This lesion is most common in male rats. Factors and conditions that may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of lymph node angiomas in rats include: (1) genetic drift, (2) congenital/developmental malformation, (3) sinus vascular transformation/venous obstruction of outflow, (4) “inflammatory” pseudo-tumors, and/or (5) defects of endothelial lymphatic vascular secretion/permeability. Lymph node angiomas in humans are extremely rare, not reported in mesenteric lymph nodes, and more common in females than males. The evaluation of increased mesenteric lymph node angiomas in rats for overall human safety risk assessment of novel pharmaceutical therapeutics should consider: genotoxicity of the test article, occurrence of vascular neoplasms in other locations in rats and in mice, occurrence of proliferative vascular lesions in nonclinical toxicology studies in non-rodent species, dose/exposure response, and pathophysiologic/morphologic differences and similarities of lymph node angiomas between rats and humans. Angiomas are independent lesions from angiosarcomas and are not precursors for angiosarcomas in either humans or animals. Mesenteric lymph node angiomas in rats are unlikely to be relevant for human risk assessment of pharmaceutical agents.     

Restriction of drinking water abrogates splanchnic vasodilation and portal hypertension in portal vein-ligated rats

Portal hypertension is associated with splanchnic vasodilation which is claimed responsible for the maintenance of chronically elevated portal pressure. Vasopressin analogues are used in the treatment of acute variceal bleeding, since they effectively reduce splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure. Dehydration stimulates the release of endogenous vasopressin release. Here we compared the effects of deprivation of drinking water for 18 h with those of vasopressin infusion on mesenteric hemodynamics in portal vein-ligated (PVL) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was measured with the ultrasonic transit time shift technique. Deprivation of drinking water had no hemodynamic effects in SHAM rats, but completely reversed the mesenteric hyperemia and portal hypertension in PVL rats to figures measured in SHAM rats, without altering blood pressure. Similarly, intravenous infusion of low doses of arginine vasopressin (1-10 pmol/min) selectively reduced mesenteric blood flow in PVL rats but had little effect in SHAM rats. These data suggest that control of water balance or aquaretic drugs might have beneficial effects on splanchnic hemodynamics and portal pressure in advanced liver disease, possibly by stimulating endogenous vasopressin release.     

Human safety risk assessment of lymph node angiomas observed in 2-year carcinogenicity studies in rats

The occurrence of mesenteric lymph node angiomas (benign vascular neoplasms including lymphangioma and hemangioma) in untreated control rats in 2-year carcinogenicity studies can range from rare to common depending on the strain used. This lesion is most common in male rats. Factors and conditions that may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of lymph node angiomas in rats include: (1) genetic drift, (2) congenital/developmental malformation, (3) sinus vascular transformation/venous obstruction of outflow, (4) “inflammatory” pseudo-tumors, and/or (5) defects of endothelial lymphatic vascular secretion/permeability. Lymph node angiomas in humans are extremely rare, not reported in mesenteric lymph nodes, and more common in females than males. The evaluation of increased mesenteric lymph node angiomas in rats for overall human safety risk assessment of novel pharmaceutical therapeutics should consider: genotoxicity of the test article, occurrence of vascular neoplasms in other locations in rats and in mice, occurrence of proliferative vascular lesions in nonclinical toxicology studies in non-rodent species, dose/exposure response, and pathophysiologic/morphologic differences and similarities of lymph node angiomas between rats and humans. Angiomas are independent lesions from angiosarcomas and are not precursors for angiosarcomas in either humans or animals. Mesenteric lymph node angiomas in rats are unlikely to be relevant for human risk assessment of pharmaceutical agents.