Reduction of CD45RA Isoform Expression and Decrease in CD4 and CD8 Receptor Density in Lymphocytes of Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Background: The immunological background of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) remains largely obscure. Methods: Using double colour flow cytometry, we estimated the distribution of functionally different lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of 25 PBC patients and 18 controls. We examined: 1) the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD 19 and CD56 surface receptors, 2) the distribution of lymphocyte subsets bearing ‘naive’ (CD45RA+) and ‘memory’ (CD45RO+) phenotypes in both CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations, 3) the expression of an early activation marker (CD69), 4) the distribution of C1.7 mAb binding cytotoxic effectors in CD3+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells. The surface marker expression was evaluated in terms of percentage of positive cells and receptor density. Results: We found: 1) a decrease in the percentage of total CD3+ and CD4+ cells, an unchanged proportion of CD8+ cells but elevated proportion of CD 19+ cells and NK lymphocytes; 2) a reduction in the percentage of ‘naive’ CD4+ but normal proportion of ‘naive’ CD8+ as well as CD4+ and CD8+ ‘memory’ cell subsets; 3) a decrease in the density of CD4 and CD8 receptors in the subsets of ‘naive’ and ‘memory’ T cells, 4) an increase in the percentage of CD69 receptor bearing T cells but unchanged proportion of C1.7 mAb. Conclusions: It is concluded that the reduction in number of 'suppressor-inducer-like ‘naive’ CD4+ T-cell subsets in association with the decrease in fluorescence intensity for CD4 and CD8 may significantly contribute to the mechanisms that could account for a development of PBC.     

CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte Counts as Surrogate Early Markers for Progression in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Prospective Study

Background: COVID-19 pathophysiology and the predictive factors involved are not fully understood, but lymphocytes dysregulation appears to play a role. This paper aims to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and as predictive factors for severe disease. Patient and methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 bilateral pneumonia recruited at hospital admission. Demographics, medical history, and data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. Patients systematically underwent complete laboratory tests, including parameters related to COVID-19 as well as lymphocyte subsets study at the time of admission. Severe disease criteria were established at admission, and patients were classified on remote follow-up according to disease evolution. Linear regression models were used to assess associations with disease evolution, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to evaluate predictive values. Results: Patients with critical COVID-19 showed a decrease in CD3+CD4+ T cells count compared to non-critical (278 (485 IQR) vs. 545 (322 IQR)), a decrease in median CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.7, (1.7 IQR) vs. 3.1 (2.4 IQR)), and a decrease in median CD4+MFI (21,820 (4491 IQR) vs. 26,259 (3256 IQR)), which persisted after adjustment. CD3+CD8+ T cells count had a high correlation with time to hospital discharge (PC = −0.700 (−0.931, −0.066)). ROC curves for predictive value showed lymphocyte subsets achieving the best performances, specifically CD3+CD4+ T cells (AUC = 0.756), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (AUC = 0.767), and CD4+MFI (AUC = 0.848). Conclusions: A predictive value and treatment considerations for lymphocyte subsets are suggested, especially for CD3CD4+ T cells. Lymphocyte subsets determination at hospital admission is recommended.     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的 探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者的T淋巴细胞亚群及共刺激信号表达的特点及临床意义.方法 以未经治疗的98例PBC患者为研究组,性别、年龄匹配的健康人30名作为对照组.以流式细胞仪技术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群以及T淋巴细胞表面的共刺激信号CD28.结果 PBC与对照组T细胞亚群差异有统计学意义:PBC组CD4+T淋巴细胞升高,CD8+T淋巴细胞下降,CD4+/CD8+比值上升(P<0.05);CD4+CD28-T细胞和CD8+CD28-T细胞明显增加(P<0.05).结论 PBC存在免疫调节功能的异常,其中CD28的表达明显减少;CD8+CD28-的细胞群可能在PBC中有一定的免疫调节作用.     

Molecular correlates in AIDS patients following antiretroviral therapy: diversified T-cell receptor repertoires and in vivo control of cytomegalovirus replication

  ¹ Department of Immunology and   ² The Kobler Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, and   ³ Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School, London, UK
Objectives   To evaluate whether successful, long-term immune reconstitution in vivo can be achieved in end-stage AIDS patients following antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Methods   A 1-year prospective study of changes of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell surface phenotypes, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and capacity to control in vivo replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was performed in five treatment-naive end-stage AIDS patients (median CD4+ T-cell counts of 19 cells/μL) following therapy. Proportions of CD45RA+, CD45RO+ and CD28+ cells within the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, were determined by flow cytometry. Changes in TCR Vβ repertoires within the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments were evaluated using CDR3 spectratyping. CMV replication was determined by a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using whole blood.
Results   Following ART, proportionate increases in 'naive' (CD45RA+) and 'memory' (CD45RO+) T cells were observed within both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, while increased numbers of CD28+ T cells were mainly observed within the CD4+ subset. Diversification of CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires was established concomitantly with renewed in vivo control of CMV replication.
Conclusions   An important degree of molecular and functional immune recovery is possible in end-stage AIDS patients introduced to therapy. Diversification of TCR repertoires and the in vivo restoration of immunocompetence to control opportunistic infections clearly show that an important degree of molecular immune reconstitution is established following the initiation of ART even in late-stage AIDS.     

Aging and lymphocyte function: a model for testing gerontologic hypotheses of aging in man

Advanced age in humans and experimental animal models has been consistently associated with declines in the in vivo and in vitro responsiveness of T lymphocytes. The declines in vitro responses cannot be explained by decrease in numbers of differentiated T cells or by age-associated changes in the proportion of CD4+ 'helper' to CD8+ 'cytotoxic/suppressor' T cells. However, recent studies have demonstrated a decline with age in numbers of what appear to be antigenically 'naive' or 'virgin' T cells, accompanied by a proportionate increase in 'memory' T cells which mediate anemnestic or recall responses to previously encountered antigens. The findings lead to the hypothesis that thymic involution leads to decline in input of newly differentiated 'naive' T cells, while T cell number in peripheral tissues is maintained by accumulation of longer lived 'memory' T cells due to lifetime antigen exposure. So far, limited data suggest that increasing average biological age of the memory T cells which accumulate with age is largely responsible for declines in vitro activation responses of human peripheral blood T cells and that a subset of these memory T cells becomes refractory to activation stimuli as a consequence of in vivo cellular aging. Approaches to testing this hypothesis are presented and the implications of these findings for use of memory T cells as a model for investigating the mechanisms of in vivo cellular aging, are discussed.     

Lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood in Sj?gren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis

Lymphocyte subsets were determined in the peripheral blood from twenty-three patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (SS) and sixteen patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by two-color flowcytometry using various monoclonal antibodies. In both diseases, T-cells (CD3+), suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8+) and their cytotoxic subset (CD8+CD11-) were decreased, as compared with thirty-one healthy controls. B-cells (CD 21+ and CD 3-DR+) and activated T-cells (CD 3+DR+) were increased in SS patients. Helper T-cells (CD 4+Leu8-), suppressor-inducer T-cells (CD4+Leu8+), suppressor T-cells (CD8+Leu 15+) and three natural killer (NK) cell subsets determined by both CD16 and Leu7 antibodies did not differ between controls and SS or RA, although Leu7+NK cells were significantly increased in SS patients. In addition, we found that the treatment with low-dose prednisolone decreased B-cells and suppressor-inducer T cells, and increased suppressor T-cells, cytotoxic T-cells and Leu7+NK cells. The results indicate similar changes in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets and suggest immunologically activated and deficient conditions in both diseases. Immunomodulating effects of the treatment with low-dose prednisolone on some of the lymphocyte subsets in patients with these diseases were also supported by the study.     

CD8+ lymphocytes in pregnancy and HIV infection: characterization of CD8+ subpopulations and CD8+ noncytotoxic antiviral activity.

The distribution and function of lymphocytes vary in different clinical states. The object of this study was to characterize the CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations and CD8+ anti-HIV suppressor activity in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant and nonpregnant women. The total percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was not altered by pregnancy but the percentage of activated CD8+ T cells increased during pregnancy and decreased postpartum. HIV infection in pregnant women resulted in both an increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes and a marked increase in activated and memory CD8+ lymphocyte subsets, which did not change in the postpartum period. Most HIV-infected women had CD8+-mediated noncytotoxic antiviral activity. However, the activity was not correlated with alterations in CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. This study provides baseline information on changes in CD8 immunologic parameters during pregnancy and HIV infection for further studies that employ antiretroviral therapeutic regimens capable of impacting the immune response.     

Distribution of T cell subsets and DR antigen positive T cells in peripheral blood and in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease

The absolute number of T cell subsets and the rate of T cell DR antigen expression in the peripheral blood and the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients were compared with those in healthy normal controls by two color analysis. The methods used here were flow cytometry for the peripheral blood and immunohistological fluorescent staining for the intestinal mucosa. In peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL), helper (CD4+ Leu8-) T cells increased in ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas suppressor (CD8+ CD11+) T cells decreased in Crohn's disease (CRD). In lamina propria lymphocyte (LPL) of intestinal mucosa, there were no changes in the proportion of T cell subsets in UC, whereas suppressor (CD8+ CD11+) T cells increased in inflamed mucosa of CRD. DR antigen positive T cells did not increase in PBL, but they increased in LPL of both UC and CRD. In conclusion, there are some differences in distribution of T cell subsets and DR antigen positive T cells between the peripheral blood and the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the distribution of T cell subsets is observed between UC and CRD.     

Lymphocyte populations in lymph nodes in different histological types of Hodgkin's disease in children

Proliferating Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells within the lymph node in Hodgkin's disease (HD) affect the surrounding cells, which results in alterations of the proportion between T and B lymphocytes and the activation of these cells. The purpose of this study was to assay the changes within lymphocyte populations in lymph nodes in different types of HD. The lymph nodes of 10 children with nonmalignant, reactive changes, and 31 children with HD of the following types: mixed cellularity (MC; 11 cases), nodular sclerosis (NS; 17 cases) and lymphocyte depletion (LD; 3 cases) were included in the study. The percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD22+), T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cell subsets (kappa+ and lambda+ light chain) were assayed with flow cytometry. The ratio of T:B lymphocytes in reactive lymph nodes and in NS type of HD was similar. An increase of the T cell percentage (resembling an increase of the CD4+ subset) and a decrease of B cells resulted in a high ratio of T:B and was noted in the MC and LD types of HD. These HD types were associated with marked changes in lymphocytes within the lymph node, which suggested a different effect of proliferating Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells in HD on the surrounding cells.     

慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD28和CD137水平变化研究

目的　研究慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD2 8和CD1 37的表达特点及其在慢性肾炎免疫病理机制中的作用。方法　采用免疫荧光标记和流式细胞仪分析 ,对 5 2例慢性肾炎患者外周血共刺激分子CD2 8、CD1 37和T淋巴细胞亚群的表达进行检测。结果　慢性肾炎患者T细胞亚群明显失衡 ,表现为CD4减少 ,CD8增加 ,CD4 CD8比值显著降低。共刺激分子CD2 8表达显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,且CD+4 CD+2 8T细胞和CD+8CD+2 8T细胞均显著减少 (P <0 0 1)。共刺激分子CD1 37表达显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　慢性肾炎患者外周血T细胞亚群失衡和T细胞活化所必需的共刺激分子CD2 8、CD1 37异常表达 ,可能在慢性肾炎发生和病变进展中起着重要作用     

Persistent changes in the immune system 4-10 years after ABMT.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the early changes in the immune system observed after ABMT would persist over years. Eighty-five patients with malignant lymphoma were treated with ABMT in Norway from 1987 until 1993. Of the 46 patients in CR by 1997, 36 were enrolled in our study. Median time from ABMT was 5 years (4-10 years). Immunophenotyping showed an increase in the median number of B cells (0.35 x 109/l in patients vs 0.28 x 109/l in controls), and a decrease in T cells (1.08 vs 1.35 x 109/l). Furthermore, a lower median count of CD4+ T cells (0.54 x 109/l in patients vs0.87 x 109/l in controls) resulted in reduced CD4/CD8 ratios (0.8 in patients vs 1.6 in controls). The subgroup of CD4+ T cells expressing the 'naive' phenotype CD45RA was 19.5% in patients vs 38% in controls. In contrast, the fraction expressing the 'memory' phenotype CD45RO was higher in the ABMT group (76% vs 54%). When stimulated, larger fractions of CD3+CD4+ cells in patients produced IFN-gamma (32% vs 16%) or IL-4 (7% vs 1%) compared to controls; thus a differentiation into the functionally separate subgroups Th1 and Th2, with a dominant Th2 response. Our data further suggest that the decrease in CD4+ T cell counts and the imbalance between CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ subsets persists 4-10 years after ABMT.     

Altered cytokine expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes in polymyositis and dermatomyositis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intracellular and soluble cytokine levels and T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with active and inactive polymyositis and dermatomyositis. METHODS: The frequencies of T and B lymphocytes, T helper (Th), and T cytotoxic (Tc) cells and of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin (IL)4, and IL10 expression of CD4+ or CD8+ cells were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of soluble cytokines were measured with commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: In active dermatomyositis there was a decreased percentage of T (CD3+) lymphocytes and Tc (CD8+) lymphocytes, decreased IFNgamma expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, but an increase in B and IL4 producing CD4+ lymphocyte frequencies. These prominent changes disappeared in the inactive stage of the disease. In polymyositis no significant change in these lymphocyte subsets or in intracellular cytokine expression could be detected in either the active or the inactive form. The frequency of IL4+/IFNgamma+ Th cells was calculated and a significantly increased Th2/Th1 frequency was found in active dermatomyositis, and a decreased frequency in inactive dermatomyositis, compared with the control population. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a difference between polymyositis and dermatomyositis in the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and their intracellular cytokine content. These findings provide further evidence for a difference in the pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.     

Immunocytochemical characterization of immune cells in lesions of American cutaneous leishmaniasis using novel T cell markers.

Some recently defined lymphocyte immunophenotypes were determined in lesions of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). New monoclonal antibodies have allowed the demonstration of cell surface antigens of T lymphocytes, such as CD45RA and CD45RO, which recognize different maturational stages of the same T CD4+ cell subgroup: 'virgin' (CD4+CD45RA+) and 'memory' (CD4+CD45RO+) T cells respectively. The CD4/CD8 cell ratios were higher in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) than in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) lesions. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) has the highest values of 'virgin' T cells; LCL and MCL patients have lower values, similar to each other. 'Memory' T cells were higher in MCL than in LCL or DCL. The ratio of 'memory'/'virgin' T cells was 7.9 for LCL, 9.6 for MCL and 2.5 for DCL. The highest value for IL-2 receptor positive cells (CD25) was observed in LCL, whereas single CD45RO-immunoreactive cells showed a peak value in DCL patients. HLA-DR+ cells were present in all three clinical forms of ACL. MCL patients showed a lack of epithelial Langerhans cell (CD1a+) in the nasal mucosa.     

Circulating activated T cell subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases: differences between untreated and treated patients.

To investigate the relationships between lymphocyte subsets and thyroid function, peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed with cell surface antigens of activated (HLA-DR+) T, helper T (CD4+ 2H4-, CD4+ 4B4+) and suppressor-inducer T (CD4+ 2H4+, CD4+ 4B4-) cells subsets in 56 patients with Graves' disease, 16 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 patients with typical subacute thyroiditis and 2 patients with the thyrotoxic phase of autoimmune thyroiditis. Both patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis had increased percentages of HLA-DR+ T (Ia+ CD3+) cells as well as HLA-DR+ helper-inducer T (Ia+ CD4+) cells, which seemed to be independent of treatments. The percentage of HLA-DR+ suppressor-cytotoxic T (Ia+ CD8+) cells was increased in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients with Graves' disease following treatment, but was normal in hyperthyroid patients. The percentages of Ia+ CD4+ cells and Ia+ CD8+ were also increased in patients with thyroiditis, whereas these abnormal values normalized in the remission phase. These findings suggest that an increase in Ia+ CD4+ cells characteristically occurs during immune system activation in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the thyrotoxic phase of subacute thyroiditis, whereas the activated CD8+ cells in Graves' disease are induced by antithyroidal therapy.     

CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with monoclonal gammopathies: correlations with diagnosis, clinical stage and treatment status

Alterations in blood lymphocyte subsets may be involved in the development of overt myeloma. Naive (CD4+CD45RA+) and memory (CD4+CD45RO+) helper T-cell subsets are important effectors of immune T-cell regulation. We analyzed the distribution of these blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, considering the type of disorder, clinical stage, and treatment status.     

CD4+ and CD8+ subsets: Naive and memory cells in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic sclerosis

Summary Systemic Sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is associated with several immunological abnormalities, including altered proportion between lymphocyte subsets. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from 25 patients with SSc were studied by two-colour flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against CD45RA and CD29 markers, which allow a dissection of CD4+ and CD8+ populations into naive and memory subsets. A decrease of the percentage of CD8+ (p<0.05) and of CD8+ CD29+ (p<0.001) cells was observed compared to that in 20 age and sex-matched controls. These abnormalities were not significantly associated with the extension of cutaneous disease or other clinical features of SSc nor with treatment, pattern of autoantibodies or HLA phenotype.     

Reconstitution of lymphocyte subpopulations after paediatric bone marrow transplantation

We prospectively studied the reconstitution of lymphocyte subpopulations in a group of 22 children, who survived disease-free at least 6 months after allogeneic BMT for a haematological malignancy. Absolute counts of total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and CD4+ helper T lymphocytes reached the 5th percentile (p5) of age-matched reference values within 6 months after BMT in 15, 17, 7 and 2 patients, respectively. In particular, CD4+ helper T lymphocyte reconstitution was very slow. Unexpectedly, CMV reactivation had a profound positive influence upon the number of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes in the children. In five patients, absolute B lymphocyte counts above the 95th percentile were reached from 6 months after BMT onwards, mimicking normal ontogeny. Unlike normal ontogeny, the percentages of helper T lymphocytes expressing the 'naive' CD45RA isoform were low and those expressing the 'memory' CD45RO isoform were high in the first 3 months after BMT, as described before. Thereafter, the CD45RA:CD45RO ratio slowly normalised. Also, CD7 expression was absent on up to 90% of T lymphocytes in the first months after BMT, and on a steadily decreasing percentage thereafter, as recently described in adults. However, the absolute counts of CD45RO+/CD4+ and CD7-/CD4+ helper T lymphocytes did not change significantly. So, we found no evidence of peripheral expansion of previously primed donor-derived 'memory' T lymphocytes during the follow-up period which spanned 1-18 months after BMT. The absolute counts of 'naive' CD45RA+ helper T lymphocytes did not show a faster increase after BMT than in adults, despite the presumed presence of a non-involuted thymus in children. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 267-275.     

Reference Values of Lymphocyte Sub-Populations in Healthy Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Iranian Adults

Background: Lymphocyte subsets enumeration is considered prominent in the management of primary and acquired immunodeficiency disorders. Because of local variations due to race, age, gender, and environmental conditions on lymphocyte subsets, and to improve the accuracy of interpretation of laboratory findings, reference intervals must be determined in every population. Objective: To establish a normal reference range for CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD19+ and CD56+ lymphocytes in a healthy Iranian adult population using flowcytometry. Method: Blood samples were collected from 221 HIV seronegative individuals, including 112 females and 109 males, with ages ranging from 20 to 40 years old. The percentage of lymphocytes expressing either of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD56 surface markers were determined by flowcytometry assay. Result: Total mean percentage and absolute count of lymphocyte subsets were as follows: CD3+ : 70.90 ± 7.54%, 1800.87 ± 471.09 cells/µl; CD4+ : 41.04 ± 7.86%, 1039.99 ± 338.02 cells/µl; CD8+ : 31.11 ± 6.60%, 783.95 ± 234.87 cells/µl; CD19+ : 12.77 ± 4.56%, 328.37 ± 153.17 cells/µl; CD56+ : 15.53 ± 6.34%, 388.62 ± 176.17 cells/µl, respectively. The ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocytes for the studied population was 1.39 ± 0.48. Significant differences were observed between male and female subjects indicating that the average percentage of CD3+ cells (p=0.017) and CD4+ T cells (p=0.003) were higher in the female population, whereas the average percentage of CD19+ cells (p=0.02) tended to be higher among males. However, investigations on the CD56+ NK cell and CD8+ T cell sub-populations did not show any statistical differences between the two genders. In comparison with reports of other populations, we were confronted with different results. Conclusion: Establishing reference values of lymphocyte subsets for each population is helpful in achieving standard criteria for the prognosis of HIV infection. Therefore, normal ranges established by this survey can be used as a reference for decisions made in clinical practice.     

脾栓塞对肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 :研究部分脾栓塞治疗脾功能亢进对肝硬化患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 :57例肝硬化并脾功能亢进患者 ,32例采用部分脾栓塞治疗 ,2 5例采用脾全切治疗 ,1 5例正常人作为对照 ,比较两组治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果 :肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞 (CD3+ )、T辅助 /诱导淋巴细胞亚群 (CD4+ )、T辅助淋巴细胞 /T抑制淋巴细胞亚群 (CD4+ /CD8+ )明显低于正常人 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;脾栓塞组治疗前后CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;脾全切组治疗后CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 均较治疗前及部分脾栓塞组治疗后明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :肝硬化患者外周血CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 降低 ,部分脾栓塞治疗脾功能亢进 ,对肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群无明显影响 ,显著优于脾全切治疗