Gz重复暴露对大鼠脑组织离子含量及ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨持续性高十Gz对脑的影响及新的有效防护措施，观察了十10Gz／3min重复暴露3次对大鼠脑皮层K 、Na 、Ca2 和水含量以及ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明，＋10Gz／3min重复暴露3次后即刻及1h，大鼠脑皮层K 含量较对照组显著升高（P＜0．05），Na －K －ATP酶活性均显著降低（P＜0．01），暴露后6hK 含量及Na －K －ATP酶活性已基本恢复，与对照组相差均不显著；在十Gz暴露后即刻，Na 含量有升高趋势，但未达到显著水平，水含量则无明显变化，暴露后1h及6hNa 及水含量均显著升高（P＜0．05）；＋Gz暴露后各时间组的Ca2 含量及Ca2 －ATP酶活性较对照组则均无显著性差异。提示十10Gz／3min重复暴露3次可引起大鼠脑皮层离子平衡的紊乱。后者可能在十Gz致脑水肿的发生过程中起重要作用。     

高+Gz重复暴露对大鼠脑组织胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达的影响

目的观察高＋Gz重复暴露后脑组织星形胶质细胞中胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达的变化。方法SD大鼠30只，随机分为对照组和＋10G；暴露组。＋G2暴露组的大鼠暴露于＋10Gz／45S，共暴露5次，中间间隔5min。分别于＋Gz暴露后不同时间灌注取脑，免疫组织化学染色观察脑GFAP的表达情况。结果＋Gz暴露后1d、2d，顶叶皮层、海马GFAP阳性细胞数较对照组均显著增多（P〈0．05），以弱阳性细小型为主；暴露后4d、6d，顶叶皮层、海马GFAP阳性细胞数较对照组进一步增多（P〈0．01），以中等阳性细胞为主，肥大的GFAP增多。结论重复暴露＋10Gz／45s可引起大鼠顶叶皮层、海马GFAP表达显著增加。     

+Gz重复暴露对大鼠多脏器脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的：观察重复＋Gz作用下大鼠多脏器脂质过氧化作用的变化。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为两组（n=10);对照（＋1Gz）组,＋10Gz组,两组分别受＋1Gz,＋10Gz作用。离心机暴露条件：＋G增长率0．5G/s,峰值持续时间30s,间隔1min,5次／d,3d/wk,共3wk。末次离心机暴露后次日,将大鼠断头处死,于冰浴上速取肺、心、肝1肾制备匀浆及心、肾线粒体。检测丙二醛（MDA）、甘谷胱肽（GSH）的含量氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果：对照组比,重复＋10Gz暴露后,心肌线粒体MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．01）,肝匀浆及肾线粒体SOD含量明显降低（P＜0．01）,而心、肾线粒体GSH含量无明显变化,结论重复＋10Gz应激导致心肌线粒体的脂质过氧化损伤,对肝、肾氧自由基代有一定影响。     

+Gz 重复暴露对大鼠血小板粘附、聚集和血流变的影响

目的 探讨＋Gz重复暴露后，大鼠血小板计数（PLT）、粘附试验（PAdT)、聚集试验（PAgT)和血液流变学的变化。方法 利用动物离心机，将大鼠分别重复暴露＋10Gz 20s、＋10Gz 40s，共作用4次，两次之间间歇5min。观察＋Gz暴露后，PLT、PAdT、PAgT和血液流变学的变化。结果 ＋10Gz 40s组与对照组相比，PLT、PAdT和PAgT都明显增加（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；全血粘度（ηb)、全血还原粘度（ηrd)和红细胞聚集指数（EAI）亦增加，差异均有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。＋10Gz 20s与对照组相比，各参数无明显变化。结论 ＋10Gz 40s重复暴露可引起血小板粘附、聚集功能增强和血液流变学的改变，而20s的10Gz暴露则不引起这些变化。     

＋Gz重复暴露对大鼠脑组织一氧化氮合成酶基因表达的影响

为了了解＋Gz重复暴露后大鼠脑组织一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）基因表达的变化，探讨＋Gz引起脑损害的分子机制，本文用建立的定量反转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测方法检测＋Gz重复暴露后大鼠脑组织内NOS mRNA表达的变化。结果＋Gz重复暴露后30min和6h大鼠脑组织NOS mRNA明显升高，但24h时恢复正常，表明＋Gz重复暴露可刺激大鼠脑组织NOS mRNA的表达，NO可能参与了＋Gz所致脑损害的病理过程，但这种损害是可逆的。     

＋Gz重复暴露对大鼠多脏器脂质过氧化作用的影响

观察重复＋Cz作用下大鼠肺,心,肝,肾等脏器丙二醛（MDA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及心,肾线粒体MDA含量,SOD活性,还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的变化。将雄性Wistar大鼠20只随机分为两组（n=10): 1Gz组,＋10Gz组。离心机暴露条件：＋G增长速率0．5G／秒,峰值持续时间30秒,间隔1分钟,5次／日,3日／周,共3周。末次离心机暴露后次日,将大鼠断头处死,于冰浴上速取肺,心,肝,肾制备匀浆及心,肾线粒体。检测MDA,GSH的含量及SOD活性。表明与＋1Gz组比,重复＋10Gz暴露后,心肌线粒体MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．01）,肝匀浆及肾线粒体SOD活性明显降低（P＜0．01）,而心,肾线粒体GSH含量无明显变化。重复＋10Gz暴露3周后,导致了心肌线粒体的脂质过氧化损伤,对肝匀浆,肾线粒体氧自由基代谢也产生了一定的影响。     

+Gz暴露对大鼠脑星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的影响

目的观察＋Gz暴露后大鼠脑星形胶质细胞中胶质纤维酸性蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein。GFAP）表达的改变。方法雄性SD大鼠44只，随机分为对照组、＋6Gz／3min暴露组、＋10Gz／3min暴露组。分别于＋Gz暴露后不同时间灌注取脑，免疫组织化学染色观察脑GFAP的表达情况。结果＋6Gz暴露后6h，顶叶皮层、海马可见GFAP呈中等强度的阳性反应，阳性细胞数较对照组显著增多（P〈0．01），多为细小型，暴露后1d、2d、4d和6d，GFAP阳性反应程度进一步增强。阳性细胞数进一步增多。＋10Gz暴露后各时间点，顶叶皮层、海马GFAP呈较强的阳性反应，阳性细胞数较＋6Gz组显著增多（P〈0．01），暴露后2d出现少量肥大型，仍以细小型为主。结论＋Gz暴露可引起大鼠顶叶皮层、海马GFAP表达显著增加，而＋10Gz／3min比＋6Gz／3min暴露引起脑组织GFAP的表达增加更明显。     

G_z对大鼠血液流变学的影响

观察了＋10Gz重复暴露（G值增长率1G／s，持续3min，30min后重复暴露，共3次）。对大鼠血液流变学的影响。结果表明，＋Gz组大鼠全血粘度（ηb）、全血还原粘度、血浆纤维蛋白原含量、红细胞聚集指数（EAI）及屈服应力较对照组均有升高（P＜0．05），而血浆粕度、红细胞比积、Casson粘度及红细胞刚性指数则无明显改变；在各切变率时，ηb增加值与EAI增加值均呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）。提示＋10Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠血液流变学改变，全血粘度增高主要是红细胞聚集程度增加引起的。     

+GZ应激对麻醉犬神经肽Y、降钙素基因相关肽含量的影响

目的 探讨＋Gz应激对麻醉犬血液和心肌组织中神经肽Y(NPY),降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）含量的影响。方法 10只麻醉犬分为两组：实验组（7例）和对照组（3例）。实验组均经受从＋1Gz到＋9Gz作用（＋1，＋3，＋5，＋7，＋9Gz分别作用60s,间隔20min），取每次＋Gz作用前后1min动脉血以观察血浆中NPY，CGRP含量的变化，并取＋9Gz加速度作用后心肌组织，观察局部组织中NPY，CGRP含量的改变。对照组不经受＋Gz值作用。结果 ＋3，＋5和＋7Gz作用后可引起血浆中CGRP含量的明显升高，而NPY含量直到＋7，＋9Gz后才显著增高（P＜0．05）。＋Gz重复暴露后麻醉犬心肌组织NPY，CGRP含量较对照组均有明显的升高（P＜0．05）。而NPY/CGRP在＋1，＋3，＋5和＋7Gz加速度作用后较作用前降低，在＋9Gz作用后较作用前有明显升高（P＜0．05）。结论 ＋Gz重复作用可引起麻醉犬分泌NPY，CGRP的改变。此种改变可能是引起＋Gz应激后心血管功能改变的重要原因之一。     

+GZ重复暴露对大鼠脑组织细胞间粘附因子-1基因表达的影响

目的：了解＋Gz重复暴露后大鼠脑组织细胞间粘附因子－1（ICAM－1）基因表达的变化,探讨＋Gz引起脑损伤的分子机制。方法：24只SD大鼠随机分成对照组,＋Gz重复暴露后30min,6h和24h四组,6h和24h四组,每组6只。实验组大鼠在动脉离心机上经历了3次＋10Gz/3min（两次中间间隔30min)作用,对照组大鼠G值为＋1Gz。分别于暴露后30min,6h和24h处死大鼠取脑,提取总RNA,用半定量反转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测方法检测＋Gz重复暴露后大鼠脑组织ICAM－1 mNRA表达水平。结果：＋Gz重复暴露后30min,6h和24h大鼠脑组织ICAM－1 mRNA均明显升高,分别是对照组的1,7倍,3．0倍和1．9倍。结论：＋Gz重复暴露可诱导大鼠组织ICAM－1 mRNA的表达,介导了白细胞,脑微血管内皮细胞的粘附增强,在＋Gz所致脑损害的病理过程中起一定作用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.