急性心肌梗塞的溶栓治疗和急症经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的:对34例急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者在发病7h内进行溶栓治疗,观察其疗效.方法:静脉和冠状动脉内溶栓分别是23例和11例.8例在溶栓过程中进行了急症经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA),3例2周至3个月施行了择期PTCA.3例PTCA治疗患者安放了血管内支架.结果:静脉溶栓和冠脉溶栓的3h再通率分别为56.5%(13/23)和63.6%(7/11)(P>0.05).急症PTCA的成功率为87.5%(7/8).结论:血管再通组和PTCA成功患者心功能改善情况优于未通组,病死率和并发症也低于后者.     

联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对ST段抬高型AMI患者急诊PCI后无复流的影响

目的评价联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无复流的影响。方法纳入2007-2010年在发病24h内成功进行急诊PCI的534例ST段抬高型AMI患者,分为4组:A组(n=260),未应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸;B组(n=96),进行溶栓治疗;C组(n=143),进行血栓抽吸;D组(n=35),联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸。收集所有患者的临床、冠状动脉造影和PCI相关资料以评价联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对无复流的影响。结果在534例患者中,发生无复流138例(25.8%),A、B、C、D组无复流发生率分别为32.7%(85/260)、20.8%(20/96)、21.7%(31/143)和5.7%(2/35),各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸可显著降低ST段抬高型AMI患者急诊PCI术后无复流发生率。     

直接经皮冠脉介入和静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的比较

目的　探讨直接经皮冠脉介入 (PCI)和静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　采用不同时期连续 13个月收治AMI患者 ,静脉溶栓组 5 7例 ,直接PCI组 75例。比较两组的再灌注率 ,以及两组住院和随诊期间心脏事件发生的情况。结果　静脉溶栓组再灌注率为 5 7.9% ,直接PCI组为 96 %。超声心动图LVEF值静脉溶栓组和直接PCI组分别为 0 .5 9± 0 .12和 0 .6 3± 0 .10。两组在住院期间的心脏事件的发生率无显著差异 ,而随访期间的心脏事件的发生率有显著差异 :直接PCI和静脉溶栓的不稳定心绞痛发生率分别为 9.3%和 38.6 % ;非致死性心功能衰竭 4 .0 %和 14 .0 % ;病死率 0 %和 7.0 % ;复合终点事件 9.3%和 5 0 .9%。结论　直接PCI能更快、更满意地开通梗死相关血管 ,抢救濒临死亡的心肌 ,改善心功能 ,降低病死率 ,优于静脉溶栓治疗。     

急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗近期疗效观察

目的　探讨直接经皮冠状动脉 (冠脉 )介入治疗 (PCI)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的疗效。方法　 6 3例AMI患者在发病 12h内接受梗死相关血管急诊PCI ,随访 1～ 14个月。结果　 6 3例患者中6 1例 (96 .8% )介入治疗获得成功。 3例行经皮冠脉腔内成形术 (PTCA) ,5 8例置入支架。全部获得TIMI 3级血流灌注。 5例发生无血流现象 ,行冠脉内尿激酶溶栓血流改善。 5例在术中发生室速、室颤 ,4例及时除颤转复窦性心律 ,1例死亡。 5例心原性休克患者有 2例住院期死亡。随访期主要事件发生率 17% (5 / 6 0 ) ,其中 2例猝死 ,1例再梗死 ,再次接受PCI成功 ,1例接受择期CABG。 1例因支架内再狭窄行再次PCI。结论　直接PCI治疗AMI可有效地使梗死相关冠脉再通 ,成功率高 ,住院病死率低 ,近期预后良好     

逆行腔内血管成形术与常规顺行成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变临床研究

目的：探讨经足背-足底(TDP)或足底-足背(TPD)动脉环逆行腔内血管成形术与常规顺行血管成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年7月接受常规顺行血管成形术的96例膝下动脉闭塞性病变患者112条患肢,其中27条顺行手术失败患肢接受经TDP或TPD动脉环逆行腔内血管成形术。根据手术前踝-臂指数(ABI)、基于冠状动脉造影的心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)后血流评分(TIMI评分)及足背或足底动脉搏动评分,评价比较顺行血管成形术治疗成功组(常规组,71例患者85条患肢)和经TDP或TPD动脉环逆行腔内血管成形术治疗成功组(逆行组,20例患者22条患肢)术后肢体挽救率及靶血管通畅率。结果逆行组和常规组手术成功率分别为75.9%和74%(P>0.05),ABI分别由术前0.55±0.21和0.56±0.14改善为术后0.93±0.19和0.89±0.18(P>0.05);逆行组和常规组TIMI评分分别由术前0.1±0.5和0.8±0.8改善为术后2.5±0.6和1.8±0.8(P<0.0001),逆行组患者远侧足部组织获得更好血流灌注。逆行组和常规组术后12、24个月靶血管一期通畅率分别为63.6%(14/22)、45.5%(10/22)和52.9%(45/85)、37.6%(32/85)(P>0.05)。术后24个月Kaplan-Meier 生存分析曲线评价显示逆行组和常规组肢体挽救率分别为95.5%和96.5%(P>0.05)。结论与常规顺行血管成形术相比,经TDP或TPD动脉环逆行腔内血管成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变可获得更好的即刻血流改善情况以及相似的ABI改善情况、一期通畅率及肢体挽救率,可作为顺行血管成形术失败后的有效替补治疗方法。     

^99Tc^m—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像在急诊治疗急性心肌梗死中的作用

目的比较直接冠状动脉(简称冠脉)内支架置入和静脉溶栓疗法在急性心肌梗死(AMI)治疗中的效果。方法42例急诊入院AMI患者,随机分为冠脉内支架组23例,静脉溶栓组19例。两组患者均于梗塞相关动脉(IRA)再通治疗前和后行     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与急性心肌梗死相关性研究

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者冠脉钙化及狭窄严重程度以及GRACE积分的相关性。方法回顾性研究四川省宜宾市第二人民医院2009年11月至2015年12月收治的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者181例。依据患者冠脉造影术和冠脉CTA结果计算患者Gensini积分和冠脉钙化积分。根据NLR水平将AMI患者分为高NLR组和低NLR组。结果高NLR组比低NLR组具有更高的Gensini积分[(88±41)∶(66±27),P<0.05]、冠脉钙化积分[(285±85)∶(156±73),P<0.05]及GRACE积分[(121±25)∶(103±13),P<0.05]。NLR与Genisi积分(r=0.253,P<0.05)、冠脉钙化积分(r=0.316,P<0.05)与GRACE积分(r=0.189,P<0.05)均呈正相关。逐步多元线性回归显示:NLR、GRACE积分、年龄与糖尿病史为Genisi积分的独立影响因素;NLR、GRACE积分与糖尿病史为冠脉钙化积分的独立影响因素。结论 NLR与AMI患者冠脉钙化及狭窄严重程度以及GRACE积分密切相关,是评估AMI患者疾病严重程度的良好工具。     

高危急性冠脉综合征急诊介入治疗150例分析

目的　通过分析急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)对高危急性冠脉综合征 (ACS)的疗效 ,探讨急诊PCI对高危ACS的策略。方法　入选 2 0 0 1年 12月 7日至 2 0 0 4年 8月 2 2日来院的高危ACS(ST抬高的急性心肌梗死和非ST抬高的急性心肌梗死共 15 0例。发病时间在 2 4h内 ,从发病到来院时间 <6h ,6～ 12h和 12～ 2 4小时的比例分别为 6 0 %、2 5 %和 15 %。行急诊冠状动脉造影 (CAG)和急诊PCI,并随访观察。结果　 15 0例入选患者均行急诊冠脉造影 ,14 3例行急诊PCI,其中直接植入支架 6 0例 ,PTCA后植入支架 80例 ,仅行PTCA 3例。 4例延迟植入支架 ,3例早期病变。梗死相关血管 (IRA)前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级为 99.3%。单支病变 双支病变、3支病变和早期病变分别占 2 8% 4 6 % 2 4 %和 2 %。从来院到导管室时间平均 5 0min ,从进导管室到梗死血管开通时间平均 1h。术中发生慢血流2 1例 ,经冠脉内给药好转 ,无血流 1例 ,治疗无效 ,术后急性闭塞 2例 ,分别再次PCI和IABP治疗好转。IABP治疗 12例 ,1例无效。院内死亡 7例 ,其中术中无血流 1例 ,术中心源性休克 1例 ,术中室颤 1例 ,术后室颤 1例 ,术后顽固心衰 2例 ,术后心脏破裂 1例 ,病死率 4 .7%。 14 3例随访 ,随访时间为 30～ 993d ,出现心绞痛 3例 ,心力衰竭 3     

急性心肌梗死药物溶栓后早期介入治疗

目的　直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)为急性心肌梗死 (AMI)提供了积极的有效的又安全的恢复心肌灌注的手段 ,优于常规溶栓治疗 ,但直接PTCA仍有时间延误问题。本研究旨在探讨AMI患者在等待PTCA时间延误期内 ,使用常规治疗剂量短效溶栓剂 (rt PA)治疗 ,促使梗死相关动脉(IRA)早期开通的有效性 ,及溶栓后立即进行加速PTCA可行性和安全性。方法　 75例AMI患者用阿司匹林和肝素后接受rt PA 2 0mg 1次团注 ,随后 80mg半小时内快速滴入 ,尽快行急诊冠状动脉造影术 ,对IRA行PTCA或支架植入术 ,如果血管开通 ,仍有残余狭窄 ,亦行PTCA及支架术 ,和同期进行 88例AMI直接PTCA进行对比分析。本试验终点包括 ,到达导管室血管开通率 ,PTCA的结果 ,治疗后导管室血管开通率 ,PTCA的结果 ,治疗后 2周内左室功能及不良事件发生率。结果　到达导管室时 ,联合治疗 (溶栓加PTCA)血管开通率 88% (2 6 %TIMIⅡ级 ,6 2 %TIMIⅢ级血流 ) ,直接PTCA组为 36 % (2 0 %为TIMIⅡ级血流 ,16 %TIMIⅢ级血流 ) (P <0 .0 0 1)两组PTCA血流再通率相似 ,分别为 96 %、94 %。对IRA恢复TIMIⅢ级血流效果相同 ,分别为 84 % ,82 %。 2周内左室功能 (超声法EF)联合治疗组优于PTCA组(6 5 .4 % ,5 4 .6 % ,P <0 .0 5 )两组住院期间不良事件发生     

尿激酶溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者QT离散度的影响

目的:观察尿激酶溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者QT离散度的影响。方法:对48例急性心肌梗死患者在发病6h内予以尿激酶溶栓治疗,比较AMI溶栓成功组与溶栓失败组治疗前后QT离散度(QTd)和QT离散度校正值(QTcd),比较各组溶栓前和溶栓治疗后7d内复杂室性心律失常(CVA)事件发生率。结果:AMI溶栓成功组治疗7d后QTd或QTcd较失败组显著减少(P<0.05),CVA事件的发生率显著低于溶栓失败组(P<0.05)。结论:尿激酶溶栓治疗可减小AMI患者的QTd或QTcd,减少CVA的发生,提高AMI患者的生存率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.