Expression of Simple Mucin Type Antigens and Lewis Type 1 and Type 2 Chain Antigens in the Thyroid Gland: An Immunohistochemical Study of Normal Thyroid Tissues,Benign Lesions,and Malignant Tumors

In order to characterize the pattern of expression of carbohydrate structures in several types of thyroid tissues and to evaluate the putative usefulness of the detection of such antigens in diagnostic surgical pathology, we undertook the immunohistochemical study of simple mucin type antigens (T, Tn, and sialyl Tn), Lewis type I antigens (Lewis a, sialyl Lewis a, and Lewis b), and Lewis type 2 related antigens (precursor type 2, H type 2, Lewis x, sialyl Lewis x, and Lewis y) in thyroid samples obtained from 65 patients. The material consisted on paraffin sections of normal thyroid (n = 43), benign lesions (13 goiters/ hyperplastic lesions and 15 adenomas), and malignant tumors (12 follicular carcinomas and 27 papillary carcinomas, 5 of which had lymph node metastases) of the thyroid follicular epithelium. Tn, T, and precursor type 2 antigens were the only antigens that were detected—and very rarely—in normal thyroid. Benign lesions were similar to normal thyroid despite displaying a higher prevalence of immunoreactivity for severa antigens of the three groups. Thyroid carcinomas presented a significantly higher level of expression of all types of simple mucin, Lewis type 1, and Lewis type 2 antigens than the normal thyroid and benign lesions. The expression of sialyl Tn was restricted to malignant tumors, and the expression of sialyl Lewis x was closely associated, though not exclusively, to papillary carcinomas. The immunoreactivity was stronger and the number of positive cases was higher in papillary than in follicular carcinomas. No differences were found between primary tumors and the respective metastases. The existence of distinct patterns of expression of carbohydrate antigens in different types of thyroid lesions points to the usefulness of the detection of some of these antigens in thyroid surgical pathology. The putative role of such antigens in the peculiar metastatic properties of thyroid carcinomas remains unsettled.     

CA125、 CEA、 CYFRA21-1检测在贝伐单抗联合TP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌前后的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨CA125、CEA、CYFRA21-1检测在贝伐单抗联合TP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)前后的表达及临床意义.方法 以2015年1月至2016年12月在我院确诊的晚期NSCLC患者90例作为研究对象,全部患者给予贝伐单抗联合TP方案进行治疗,共2个疗程,分别在患者化疗前后抽取静脉血,利用化学发光法测定血清中CA125、CEA、CYFRA21-1的水平,评价化疗前后患者CA125、CEA、CYFRA21-1的变化及三种肿瘤标志物与化疗疗效的关系.结果 化疗前,CA125、CEA以及CYFRA21-1的阳性率在临床分期Ⅳ期患者人群中明显高于临床分期Ⅲ期的患者,在病理分型为腺癌的患者人群中明显高于鳞癌的患者,在转移部位≥2的患者人群中明显高于转移部位为1的患者,且上述差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).化疗后临床治愈(CR)和部分缓解(PR)患者的CA125、CEA以及CYFRA21-1与化疗前相比均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).化疗后疾病恶化(PD)患者的CA125、CEA、CYFRA21-1水平均明显上升,且差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CA125、CEA以及CYFRA21-1检测对临床疗效变化及疗效评价的总体符合率分别为27.8％,46.7％和51.1％.结论 CA125、CEA以及CYFRA21-1水平变化与NSCLC化疗后的临床疗效密切相关,值得临床推广应用.