全国第二次冠心病介入性治疗病例注册登记资料分析

分析１９９７年年和１９９８年我国冠心病介入性治疗发展趋势。方法采用填写统一发展放的表格的方法,收集１９９７、１９９８两年各医院冠心病介入性治疗病例塑料,进行回顾性分析。结果共注册经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）病例总数８７２５例,来自全国范围内７５所医院,总成功数８３６９例（９５．９％）。其中１９９７年３７４０例,成功３５５３例（９５．０％）;１９９８年４９８５例,成功４８１６例（９６．６％）。     

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术的临床评价

目的评价老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）腔内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的临床疗效。方法将２３６例老年（共２９７支冠脉血管）和３６０例非老年（共４５１支冠脉血管）冠心病患者接受ＰＴＣＡ的结果作对比分析。结果老年患者的冠脉病变特点和发病血管支数与非老年患者差异无显著性;老年组血管扩张病例成功率为９５．４％,随着近年冠脉内支架置入率的增加,主要的ＰＴＣＡ并发症较前降低;以上结果与非老年组比较差异均无显著性。结论对于老年冠心病患者,ＰＴＣＡ是一种有效而安全的冠脉血运重建方法。     

激光心肌血管重建加冠状动脉旁路术在冠心病治疗中的应用

目的回顾应用激光心肌血管重建术（ｔｒａｎｓｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｌａｓｅｒｒｅｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＴＭＬＲ）加冠状动脉旁路术（ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｂｙｐａｓｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ，ＣＡＢＧ）联合手术治疗冠心病的早期效果和经验。方法５０例病人皆为冠心病冠状动脉造影三支病变（男性４３例，女性７例），平均年龄５５岁（３６～７４岁），其中１５例左室射血分数小于３０％，８０％病人的心绞痛ＣＣＳ分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。４例行左前外小切口非体外循环跳动心脏手术，其它为常规正中开胸低温体外循环下行ＣＡＢＧ＋ＴＭＬＲ术，９０％的病人使用了乳内动脉。术后１４例病人需要主动脉球囊反搏（ＩＡＢＰ）辅助循环。ＴＭＬＲ使用钬激光机（美国ＥｃｌｉｐｓｅＴＭＲＳｙｓｔｅｍ２０００型，２０Ｗ）。平均每例搭桥３．８根，激光打孔３５个。结果一年中完成５０例手术，获得了良好的临床效果，无一例死亡，术后不仅明显缓解心绞痛症状，而且能改善了心功能。结论本组病人近期良好的临床效果表明，ＣＡＢＧ＋ＴＭＬＲ是一种安全、有效的治疗冠心病的方法，特别适用于重症、弥漫、远端病变及严重心功受损病人     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术合并冠状动脉夹层的早期预后

冠状动脉夹层是冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后重要的并发症。Ｎｈｌｂｉ将夹层分成６个不同类型，我们设想，如果不同类型的夹层其临床预后亦不同，处理上可区别对待。为此，本组筛选１０５例ＰＴＣＡ患者在术后２４小时内复查了冠状动脉造影，其中包括Ｅ＋Ｃ夹层９例，Ｅ型１９例，Ｄ型１０例，Ｃ型１６例，Ｂ型１５例，Ａ型７例，无夹层２９例，比较了各类夹层ＰＴＣＡ结束时和冠状动脉造影复查时的狭窄程度，最小动脉内径，夹层长度，以及各类夹层的临床预后。结果表明：Ｅ＋Ｃ，Ｅ，Ｄ型夹层不稳定，残余狭窄在ＰＴＣＡ早期明显加重，急性闭塞，心肌缺血事件和临床干预率明显高于Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ型夹层，因此处理比较积极。Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ型夹层相对稳定，可采取保守治疗。无论有无夹层，ＰＴＣＡ术后早期都有不同程度的回弹。     

冠状动脉旋磨术加持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗老年人冠心病的评估

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术（ＣＲＡ）加持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＣＰＰＴＣＡ）治疗老年人冠心病的临床价值。方法对老年冠心病患者２０例３１支和非老年患者８例１３支冠状动脉（冠脉）病变行ＣＲＡ和ＣＰＰＴＣＡ，对照观察其临床疗效。结果术后两组冠脉狭窄处内径、跨狭窄压差、侧支循环积分、左室总体和局部功能均明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１），心绞痛均消失。结论ＣＲＡ加ＣＰＰＴＣＡ联合治疗老年和非老年人冠心病均可取得良好效果，但老年组远期效果略差。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的急性血管并发症及处理

我科自１９８７年１２月至１９９４年４月间完成经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）４３０例，共扩张血管７０７支，扩张病变７６４处，成功率分别为９５．１％，９６．９％和９７．１％。其中多支血管行ＰＴＣＡ共２０９例，失败共２１例（４．９％）。发生急性血管并发症４０处（５．２％），其中严重内膜撕裂１７处（２．２％），冠脉痉挛和血栓形成各６处（０．８％），急性闭塞１７处（２．２％），血管穿孔１处（０．１％），     

直接冠状动脉支架植入术42例分析

目的 :评价冠状动脉直接支架植入术治疗冠心病患者的疗效。方法 :回顾性分析应用直接支架植入术治疗的冠心病患者 42例 ,其中单支血管病变 2 1例 ,双支血管病变占 11例 ,三支血管病变 10例。结果 :42例患者病变血管73支 ,病变长度为 18± 13mm。其中 B型病变占 45 % ,C型病变占 2 1%。共植入 71个支架 ,成功率 97%。结论 :直接冠脉支架植入术是一种安全有效的心脏介入性治疗技术     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

进一步促进我国冠心病介入治疗迅速健康发展

1977年Ｇｒｕｅｎｔｚｉｇ在世界上开展了第一例经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (ＰＴＣＡ) ,开创了介入心脏病学新纪元。在此后的 2 0多年中 ,以ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术为主体的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(ＰＣＩ)在世界范围内迅速推广。近年来ＰＣＩ技术在我国发展亦十分迅速 ,每年完成例数以 3 0 %～ 40 %的速率增长。根据本期发表的“全国第三次冠心病介入治疗病例注册登记资料分析” ,2 0 0 1年全国完成ＰＣＩ1 63 45例 ,总成功率达 97 0 % ,并发症发生率总体上仍保持在较低水平。不少医院还开展了左主干病变ＰＣＩ。对经过严格选择的左心…     

冠状动脉内支架植入术治疗复杂冠脉病变的临床分析

目的评价经皮冠状动脉内支架术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法对127例复杂冠脉血管病变患者施行冠状动脉内支架术,病变血管共162支,B型115处,C型病变63处,其中急性、亚急性完全或次全闭塞病变23例23处病变。结果共植入186个支架,成功184个,术后复查冠状动脉造影,无明显残余狭窄,手术成功率为98.4%。住院期间无急性或亚急性血栓形成,死亡1例(0.8%),随访3个月~7年(平均30.6±11.4个月),心绞痛复发率12.6%。结论经皮冠状动脉内支架术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术,成功率高,并发症低。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.