全胃切除术后经鼻管饲肠内营养所致并发症分析

目的 分析并探讨全胃切除手术后早期使用肠内营养支持治疗的相关并发症的原因及对策.方法 回顾性分析2002年9月～2008年4月安徽医科大学第一附属医院普外科195例全胃切除手术术后使用肠内营养患者的临床资料.结果 29例(约占14.87%)患者发生腹胀,17例(约占8.71%)腹泻,6例(约占3.07%)代谢性并发症,3例吻合口瘘,l例结肠穿孔.结论 胃癌患者术后使用肠内营养所致的并发症与患者手术应激、营养液的输注速度和用量、患者的代谢状况等因素有关.     

Atenolol administration via a nasogastric tube after abdominal surgery: an unreliable route

beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, especially atenolol, reduce perioperative cardiac morbidity. Because there are no data on the bioavailability of atenolol given by nasogastric tube in the postoperative period, we assessed the efficacy of this route of administration in 18 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. We found a 36% reduction in the area under the atenolol concentration curve and a 46% reduction in the peak concentration of atenolol in the postoperative period compared with preoperative values. In addition, patients had more rapid mean heart rates on the second postoperative day compared with the day before surgery. We conclude that the administration of atenolol via nasogastric tube in the postoperative period does not result in adequate plasma concentrations.     

早期拔除胃管对肝脏术后患者康复的影响

目的探讨早期拔除胃管对肝脏术后患者康复的影响。方法将100例肝脏切除术后患者随机分成观察组(49例)及对照组(51例)。观察组于麻醉清醒评分10分时拔除胃管;对照组按照常规,患者首次肛门排气后拔除胃管。结果两组患者首次肛门排气、排便时间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);但胃管留置时间及置管不良反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论肝脏术后患者清醒后即拔除胃管不影响患者胃肠功能恢复,且有利于减少置管并发症,促进患者康复。     

Evidence for early nasogastric tube removal after infrarenal aortic surgery: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: Nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression after abdominal surgery is still largely used to prevent nausea and vomiting. However, indications are based more on practice than on studies. Moreover, prolonged NGT decompression can lead to complications. In this prospective and randomized study, we evaluated the effects of early withdrawal of NGTs in patients undergoing surgery of the infrarenal aorta. METHODS: Between October 2001 and May 2002, consecutive patients underwent scheduled infrarenal aortic operations. Patients were prospectively randomised into two groups: group 1, NGT maintenance until the passage of flatus; and group 2, NGT removal at the time of tracheal extubation. Preoperative and perioperative data were collected. The main end point was the occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Secondary end points were tolerance of NGT withdrawal and postoperative complications. Criteria were compared between groups by using Mann-Whitney or Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: Forty-six patients underwent aortic operations. Six patients were subsequently excluded from the study. Of the 40 randomized subjects, 20 patients were included in each group. Preoperative and intraoperative data were similar in both groups. There was no statistical difference between groups regarding nausea and vomiting. In group 1, the occurrence of respiratory complications was more frequent compared with group 2 (5 vs 0 complications; P = .023). There was no significant difference in intensive care unit stay, but the hospital stay was shorter in group 2 (mean, 9 +/- 3 days vs 15 +/- 9 days; P = .016). There were no differences in other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support a significant effect of early removal of NGTs on nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing open repair of the infrarenal aorta. However, these findings suggest that NGT maintenance increases the risk of respiratory complications and the length of hospital stay.     

留置胃管对胃癌患者围手术期生活质量的影响

目的探讨胃癌术后留置胃管对术后恢复情况的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2009年12月至2011年3月间哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院收治的174例胃癌患者,按随机数字表法分为试验组（88例,术中或术后第1天晨起拔除胃管）和对照组（86例,留置胃管直至排气）。比较两组患者术后不适症状、并发症发生情况、恢复时间及住院期间生活质量。结果与对照组相比,试验组患者术后恶心（14．8％比47．7％,P〈0．01）、咽痛（6．8％比38．4％,P〈0．01）、饮水后呛咳及异物感（3．4％比20．9％,P〈0．01）和咳嗽咳痰不畅（36．4％比55．8％,P〈0．05）的发生率明显降低,术后离床时间[（1．46±0．58）d比（1．68±0．61）d,P〈O．05]和排气时间[（3．11±0．77）d比（3．75±1．03）d,P〈0．05]明显提前。两组术后均未出现吻合口瘘及肠梗阻等严重并发症,吻合口出血发生率的差异亦无统计学意义[3．4％（3／88）比5．8％（5／86）,P〉O．05]。住院期间生活质量表情评分试验组明显优于对照组（平均分3．36比2．78,P〈0．01）。结论胃癌术后早期拔除胃管是安全、合理的,可明显提高患者住院期间的生活质量。     

鼻肠管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用

目的 比较鼻肠管和鼻胃管在炎性肠梗阻中的治疗作用.方法 将2007年9月至2010年9月之间收治的58例腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻病人,随机分成鼻肠管组和鼻胃管组予以治疗,观察各项临床治愈指标,并对结果进行比较分析.结果 所有病人均治愈,鼻肠管组的各项临床治愈指标均优于鼻胃管组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.0...     

Routine omission of nasogastric intubation after gastrointestinal surgery.

The need for routine nasogastric-tube decompression after gastrointestinal surgery has been challenged repeatedly for several years. To determine whether nasogastric intubation can be omitted routinely, 101 consecutive patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery were managed prospectively without nasogastric tubes. Excluded were patients with complete bowel obstruction and those who required prolonged endotracheal intubation. These patients were compared with 101 retrospective controls who had nasogastric decompression routinely. There were four protocol violations in the prospective group (nasogastric tubes were left in place postoperatively) and one in the retrospective group (no nasogastric tube postoperatively), leaving 97 and 100 patients, respectively, for follow-up. The mean duration of hospitalization in comparable patients was 10.6 days in patients without decompression and 11.9 days in those with routine decompression. Subsequent nasogastric-tube insertion was required in nine patients who did not undergo routine decompression, compared with two patients who had routine decompression. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of anastomotic leaks, wound disruptions and pulmonary or other complications between the two groups. The authors conclude that nasogastric decompression can be safely omitted as a routine part of postoperative care after gastrointestinal surgery.     

胃肠道手术中不常规留置胃肠减压管并早期进食的临床应用研究

目的 探讨胃肠道手术快速康复外科中不常规留置胃肠减压管并早期进食的安全及可行性。方法 随机选取南京军区南京总医院2006年11月至2007年12月胃肠道手术病人62例为胃肠减压组（A组）,2008年1月至2008年6月病人58例为非胃肠减压并早期恢复进食组（B组）。比较两组病例术后肛门恢复排气时间,咽喉疼痛、恶心、急性胃扩张、切口感染、肺部感染、吻合口漏等术后并发症发生率。结果 与A组相比B组肛门恢复排气时间显著提前（P＜0.05）,两组病人出现急性胃扩张、切口感染、肺部感染、吻合口漏等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,但A组病人诉咽喉疼痛、恶心呕吐明显较B组增多（P＜0.01）。两组均有发生急性胃扩张并发症而需重置胃肠减压管并禁食病例,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 不常规放置胃肠减压管并早期恢复进食安全可行,有利于病人的术后康复。     

Is routine use of the nasogastric tube justified in upper abdominal surgery?

Three hundred patients who underwent upper abdominal operations were studied. One hundred fifty patients were treated by insertion of a nasogastric tube, and 150 patients were treated without it. The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was 10 times higher in the patients treated with a nasogastric tube. Pneumonia was directly related to the patient's age and the duration of the tube's use. In view of the disadvantages and complications of the nasogastric tube, its routine use appears unjustified. It should be reserved as a tool for treating postoperative complications such as paralytic ileus and acute gastric dilatation.