心理干预对新兵心理健康相关因素的影响

目的探讨心理干预对新兵心理健康、自尊、总体幸福感、应付方式的影响。方法选取616名新兵随机分为试验组(308人)和对照组(308人),试验组进行心理干预,对照组进行一般心理健康教育咨询。两组新兵在心理干预前后采用症状自评量表、自尊量表、总体幸福感量表、应付方式问卷分别进行团体测定。结果 (1)试验组新兵心理干预后除敌对外各因子及SCL-90总分显著低于心理干预前(P0.05);对照组新兵心理干预后在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性、其他、SCL-90总分上显著低于心理干预前(P0.05);心理干预后试验组新兵除敌对外各因子及SCL-90总分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)试验组新兵心理干预后在自尊、总体幸福感、解决问题、求助、合理化上显著高于心理干预前(P0.05),在自责、幻想、退避上显著低于心理干预前(P0.05)。对照组新兵心理干预后在解决问题、合理化上显著高于心理干预前(P0.05)。心理干预后试验组新兵在自尊、总体幸福感、解决问题、求助、合理化上显著高于对照组(P0.05),在自责、幻想、退避因子上显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论心理干预后新兵心理健康水平、自尊、总体幸福感、成熟应付方式有明显改善,不成熟应付方式明显减少。     

综合性医院护士心理健康状况与应付方式相关性研究

[目的]探讨临床一线护理人员的心理健康状况和面对应激采取的应付方式. [方法]对1 100名护理人员进行一般资料、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式3部分问卷调查,调查数据被检错后采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行统计分析. [结果]SCL-90:恐怖因子分显著高于常模(P<0.001),精神病性因子分高于常模(P<0.05);应付方式:解决问题、求助、合理化、幻想、退避5个分量表分显著高于常模(P<0.001),自责分显著低于常模(P<0.001);相关性:SCL-90各项因子均分与解决问题分、求助分呈负相关,与自责分、幻想分、退避分、合理化分呈正相关.[结论]临床一线护士心理正常情况下多能采用积极的应付方式,但在一定心理不适情况下求助愿望偏低,易采用消极的应付方式.管理者应帮助护士减轻工作压力,鼓励护士采取积极的应对方式以促进身心健康.     

烟台大二学生自我接纳与应付方式的调查研究

目的考察大二学生自我接纳和应付方式的特点,探讨二者之间的关系。方法采用自我接纳问卷(SAQ)和应付方式问卷(CSQ)对565名大二学生进行调查。结果在自我接纳方面,男生为17.02±3.65分,女生为17.75±4.11分,男生低于女生(P0.01);在自我评价方面,男生得分为20.43±3.10分,女生为21.24±3.42分,男生低于女生(P0.05)。大二学生主要采用解决问题、求助、幻想的应付方式。在解决问题因子得分上,男生为8.67±2.49分,女生为8.27±2.68分,男生高于女生。在求助因子得分上,男生为5.59±2.46分,女生为6.18±2.51分,男生低于女生(P0.01);在幻想因子得分上,男生为4.14±2.06分,女生为4.49±2.11分,男生低于女生(P0.05)。大二学生自我接纳因子与应付方式中的解决问题因子(r=-0.295)和求助因子(r=-0.139)呈显著负相关,与合理化因子(r=0.189)、自责因子(r=0.342)、幻想因子(r=0.290)、退避因子(r=0.264)呈显著正相关(P0.01)。自我评价因子与解决问题因子(r=-0.360)和求助因子(r=-0.158)呈显著负相关(P0.01),与自责因子(r=0.266)和退避因子(r=0.128)呈显著正相关(P0.01)。结论自我接纳与应付方式之间存在显著相关,建议提高大二学生的自我接纳水平以促进其形成积极成熟的应付方式。     

大学生应付方式与心理健康关系的探讨

目的 探讨大学生常用的应付方式及其与心理健康的关系,为应付技巧的学习和治疗性干预提供依据.方法 对江西省某高校2004级大学生4 834人使用一般调查问卷、应付方式问卷和症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行调查并作比较分析、相关分析及多元回归分析.结果 男生自责、求助、幻想因子分显著低于女生,合理化因子分显著高于女生;独生子女自责应付方式因子分显著低于、求助因子分显著高于非独生子女;SCL-90总分与解决问题、求助应付方式因子分存在极为显著的负相关,与自责、幻想、退避及合理化因子分呈极为显著的正相关;自责因子分预测SCL-90总分占最大的成分,其次是幻想.结论 心理健康水平较高的大学生倾向于使用“解决问题求助”,即成熟型应付方式;心理健康水平较低的大学生倾向于使用“退避-自责”,即不成熟型或“合理化”,即混合型应付方式.     

某军校学员应付方式及相关因素的研究

目的通过调查了解军校大学生在校期间应付方式,探究其与性别、性格类型、父母接受教育程度等因素的关系。方法整群抽取450名某军校在校大学生,采用自填式问卷开展调查。问卷内容包括应付方式量表(CSQ)及个人性别、年龄、自我评价性格类型、父母受教育程度等基本信息。结果共获得有效问卷395份。应付方式各分量表得分为:解决问题(0.765±0.144)、求助(0.628±0.198)、幻想(0.339±0.205)、合理化(0.355±0.176)、退避(0.382±0.209)、自责(0.269±0.205)。解决问题与求助呈显著正相关(r=0.387),与幻想(r=-0.137)、退避(r=-0.128)、自责(r=-0.181)等消极的应付方式呈显著负相关。合理化与幻想(r=0.590)、退避(r=0.715)、自责(r=0.617)呈显著正相关,与求助(r=-0.126)呈显著负相关。解决问题、求助、幻想与外向型性格呈显著正相关。父亲文化程度与学员的解决问题、退避呈显著正相关,与幻想、求助呈显著负相关。母亲文化程度与解决问题、自责呈显著正相关,与幻想呈显著负相关。父母较高的学历、外向型性格、女性对成熟的应对方式有较强预测作用。结论军校学员应对方式与学员的性别、个性特征及父母受教育程度有关。     

海军院校学员应付方式及其与SCL-90的相关分析

目的探讨军校学员应付方式状况及其与心理健康的关系。方法采用应付方式量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对3所海军军校516名学员进行施测,并进行相关分析。结果应付方式因子分中,学员得分最高的是解决问题,其后依次为求助、幻想、退避、合理化、自责;各年级间应付方式比较差异无显著性;军事指挥专业学员的解决问题、军队政工和军事技术专业学员的退避因子分与军事后勤专业学员比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);自责、解决问题、退避和幻想与SCL-90总分有相关性,相关系数(r)分别为0.608、-0.419、0.233和0.225(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论开展应对技能、技巧的训练和教育应成为军校心理健康教育的重要内容。     

大学生应对方式与主观幸福感关系

目的 探讨大学生应对方式与主观幸福感的关系.方法 采用应对方式问卷和主观幸福感问卷对1206名大学生进行调查.结果 不同类型高校学生之间的解决问题、求助、退避、合理化、生活满意和消极情感维度的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001);女生较男生更多地采用求助和幻想的应对方式(P<0.001),女生幸福感水平高于男生(P<0.01);各年级大学生在自责、幻想、退避、合理化和负性情感维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).大学生的主观幸福感与应对方式的解决问题和求助维度呈正相关,与应对方式的自责、幻想、退避、合理化维度呈负相关.结论 个体的应对方式能够在一定程度上预测其幸福水平.     

空军某部官兵心理应对方式调查分析

目的了解空军某部官兵的心理应对方式,为制定心理卫生教育措施、维护官兵身心健康提供依据。方法选取300名空军某部官兵进行应对方式问卷的测试。结果空军某部官兵解决问题、求助因子得分明显高于军人常模(P0.01);女性求助、幻想、退避因子得分明显高于男性(P0.05);士兵合理化因子得分明显低于士官和校官(P0.05)。结论空军某部官兵应对方式总体上是积极、成熟的,其中求助、退避、幻想方式存在性别差异,合理化方式存在职别差异。     

421名新兵心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的评估某部新兵的心理健康状况及其与相关因素的关系,为新兵心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)、应对方式问卷(Coping Style Questionnaire,CSQ)、状态-特质量表(StateTrait Anxiety Inventory,STAI)、自尊量表(Self-Esteem Scale,SES)对2013年首次夏秋季入伍421名新兵进行团体测定。结果独生子女新兵躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他因子及总分高于非独生子女新兵(P0.05);来自城市的新兵躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、其他因子及总分高于来自农村的新兵(P0.05);SCL-90低分组在解决问题、求助、自尊方面得分高于高分组,在自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑方面得分低于高分组(P0.01);新兵SCL-90总分及各因子与解决问题、求助、自尊呈负相关,与自责、幻想、退避、合理化、状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈正相关(P0.01);逐步回归分析表明影响心理健康状况的因素大小依次是状态焦虑、自责、幻想、特质焦虑、合理化。结论非独生子女和来自农村的新兵心理健康状况相对较好,不同心理健康状况新兵之间在应对方式、状态-特质焦虑、自尊方面有差别,新兵心理健康状况受应对方式、状态-特质焦虑的影响。     

高中学生睡眠质量与心理社会因素的相关性研究

目的了解高中学生的睡眠质量,探讨高中学生睡眠质量与心理社会因素的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法对608名高中学生进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、青少年生活事件量表、应付方式问卷调查。结果高中学生睡眠问题的检出率为20.2%;有睡眠问题组生活事件总应激量、人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚因子得分高于无睡眠问题组,差异有统计学意义(t=-12.242~-6.062,P0.05);有睡眠问题组解决问题、求助因子得分低于无睡眠问题组,自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子得分高于无睡眠问题组,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.982~5.198,P0.05);多元线性逐步回归分析示PSQI总分与解决问题呈负相关,与学习压力、退避呈正相关(R2=0.339,F=104.555,P0.05)。结论高中学生睡眠问题不容忽视,其睡眠质量与生活事件及应对方式有关。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.