酒精性肝病诊断标准

酒精性肝病表现多样 ,初期通常表现为脂肪肝 ,进而可发展酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化。在严重酗酒时可诱发广泛肝细胞坏死甚或肝功能衰竭。一、酒精性肝病临床诊断标准1.有长期饮酒史 ,一般超过 5年 ,折合乙醇酒精量 >40ｇ/ｄ ,女性≥ 2 0 ｇ/ｄ ;或 2周内有大量饮酒史 (>80 ｇ/ｄ)。2 .禁酒后血清ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ和ＧＧＴ明显下降 ,4周内基本恢复正常 ,即在 2倍正常上限值 (ＵＬＮ )以下。肿大的肝脏 1周内明显缩小 ,4周基本恢复正常。3 .诊断时应注意是否合并ＨＢＶ或ＨＣＶ感染 ,除外代谢异常和药物等引起的肝损伤。未能符…     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断标准

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是一种病变主体在肝小叶以肝细胞脂肪变性和脂肪贮积为病理特征但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征,包括单纯性脂肪肝、脂肪性肝炎、脂肪性肝硬化三种主要类型。患者常伴有体重过重或肥胖、糖耐量异常或2型糖尿病、以及血脂紊乱等易患因素。 一、临床诊断标准 凡具备下列第1～4项和第5或第6项中任一项者即可诊断为非酒精性脂肪性肝痫。 1.无饮酒史或饮酒折含乙醇量每周<40g; 2.除外病毒性肝炎、全胃肠外营养等可导致脂肪肝的特定疾病;     

酒精性肝病与非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床分型诊断探讨

目前 ,国内外对酒精性肝病分型诊断及诊断标准缺乏共识性意见。本研究旨在提出一种较为实用的酒精性肝病的临床分型诊断方案及其筛选标准 ,并以此用于非酒精性脂肪性肝病的分型诊断 ,同时对比分析两者分型诊断结果。材料与方法一、纳入标准(一 )既往无肝炎、血吸虫及其他重要器官疾病史 ,酒精组患者无长期服药史。肝炎病毒血清标志物阴性。(二 )B超检查均有肝区回声不同增强 ,肝后回声不同程度衰减 ,肝内血管纹理欠清晰或显示不清 ,肝脏不同程度增大或饮酒组患者肝脏缩小。(三 )既往无长期饮酒或每周饮酒精量 <40g为非酒精组 ,长期饮用白酒…     

酒精性肝病诊断标准(草案)

酒精性肝病表现多样，初期通常表现为脂肪肝，进而可发展成酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化和酒精性肝硬化。在严重酗酒时可诱发广泛肝细胞坏死甚或肝功能衰竭。一、 酒精性肝病临床诊断标准目前，我国乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染较为常见，因此，在诊断上应考虑区分为单纯酒精性肝病抑或酒精性肝病合并HBV和HCV等病毒感染。(一)酒精性肝病1. 有长期饮酒史，一般超过5年，折合酒精量>40g/d，女性略低；或2周内有暴饮史。2. 禁酒后血清ALT和AST明显下降，4周内基本恢复正常，即在2倍正常上限值（ULN）以下。如禁酒前A…     

对《酒精性肝病诊断标准(草案)》的意见

随着我国临床和病理工作者对酒精性肝病认识的不断深入，喜见中华肝脏病杂志（９卷５期）发表了《酒精性肝病诊断标准（草案）》，这是我们医学界一件值得高兴的大好事。将使广大临床和病理工作者有一个统一遵循的标准。它将推动肝病工作者对酒精性肝病诊断的深入认识，使广大酒精性肝损害患者得到较早的诊断和治疗。 下面对《酒精性肝病诊断标准（草案）》提出一点粗浅意见，不当之处敬希批评指正。 １．酒精性肝病的组织学诊断：《酒精性肝病诊断标准（草案）》 中病理分为四型，未列入轻型，而临床分型列出五型，我们认为病理分型应该与…     

酒精性肝病59例临床分析

酒精性肝病 (alcoholicliverdisease ,ALD)在我国近年来有明显增多趋势 ,现已成为仅次于病毒性肝炎的第二大肝病病因。酒精性肝病又常和乙型或丙型肝炎合并存在 ,起到叠加的致病作用 ,更易并发肝硬化和肝癌 ,因此应加强酒精性肝病诊治的研究。本文通过 5 9例ALD临床资料分析 ,探讨合并病毒性肝炎对ALD的影响。资料与方法病例为 1995年 1月至 1998年 12月我院消化科病房收治并明确诊断的ALD患者 ,共 5 9例 ,约仅同期收治慢性肝病患者人数的 2 .3 %。其中男性 5 7例 ,年龄 40～ 86岁 (平均 5 4.8岁 )。根据嗜酒程度分类标准 ,大多数患者…     

酒精性肝病与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的鉴别诊断

非酒精性脂肪性肝病和酒精性肝病的鉴别诊断方面目前尚存在较多的问题和未知因素,如:过多地依赖并不可靠的饮酒史,临床表现没有特异性,缺乏有效的生物标志物,影像学检查无法鉴别,活检组织较难获取等.本文从病史、危险因素、临床表现、生化检查、影像学诊断、活检和病理组织学等方面,给出了主要的鉴别点,并且进行了相应的评论.最后,给出了鉴别诊断的基本思路和研究进展.但是,就该问题而言,这些远远不够,未来需要更多的研究来充实和完善,以促使我们对该问题的认识越来越深刻.     

Diagnostic model of esophageal varices in alcoholic liver disease

Esophageal varices may cause life-threatening bleeding with attendant high hospital cost. Since effective preventive modalities for variceal hemorrhage have been established, early detection of esophageal varices is critical for prevention of bleeding. Currently, endoscopic screening is widely recommended to patients who have the diagnosis of cirrhosis. However, the diagnosis of cirrhosis relies on histological evaluations, which is costly and invasive, and endoscopic screening also burdens medical resources. Recent cost-effectiveness studies suggested that empiric prophylaxis with beta-blockers may be viable in comparison with endoscopic screening in patients with cirrhosis. However, this issue need to be also evaluated taking account of societal and patient perspectives and is not yet decided. An accurate non-invasive diagnostic model to predict the presence of esophageal varices may reduce unnecessary endoscopic procedures and prophylactic medication and improve cost-benefit of these approaches. Use of an accurate serum marker for severe hepatic fibrosis may also improve accuracy of non-invasive diagnostic models. Hyaluronic acid, a serum marker for severe hepatic fibrosis, has been reported to have a high diagnostic performance in assessing the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease. In this issue, a non-invasive diagnostic model including hyaluronic acid was shown to have excellent performance in excluding the presence of medium to large esophageal varices in severe alcohol abusers. Based on current evidence, the strategy of using a non-invasive diagnostic model together with a serum marker for severe hepatic fibrosis may improve cost-benefit in the prevention of variceal hemorrhage among patients with alcoholic liver disease. The independent verification of such diagnostic models is needed.     

Diagnostic challenges in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic liver disease

Alcohol use disorders represent a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical manifestations that have been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to damage of various organs, including the liver. Alcoholic liver disease includes different injuries ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and implicates a diagnostic assessment of the liver disease and of its possible complications. There is growing interest in the possible different tools for assessing previous alcohol consumption and for establishing the severity of liver injury, especially by non-invasive methods.     

酒精性肝病的影像学诊断

1.酒精性脂肪肝:脂肪肝包括弥漫性脂肪肝(均匀性脂肪肝)及限局性脂肪肝(非均匀性脂肪肝)。超声:弥漫性脂肪肝肝脏普遍增大,包膜光滑,肝实质回声增强,呈弥漫性细点状,为亮肝。肝内回声强度随深度而衰减(声衰减现象),肝内血管回声减弱或显示不清。限局性脂肪肝分二型:(1)叶段型:多数病变分布呈叶段型.肝实质内呈现片状回声增强区,常以肝叶段为界或沿门静脉分支长轴分布,边界清楚,无占位效应。(2)     

Diagnostic criteria for acute liver failure due to Wilson disease

AIM: To describe the diagnostic criteria for acute liver failure due to Wilson disease (WD), which is an uncommon cause of acute liver failure (ALF). METHODS: We compared findings of patients presenting with ALF due to WD to those with ALF of other etiologies. RESULTS: Previously described criteria, such as low alkaline phosphatase activity, ratio of low alkaline phosphatase to total bilirubin or ratio of high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), failed to identify patients with ALF due to WD. There were significant differences in low ALT and AST activities (53 ± 43 vs 1982 ± 938, P < 0.0001 and 87 ± 44 vs 2756 ± 2941, P = 0.037, respectively), low choline esterase activity (1.79 ± 1.2 vs 4.30 ± 1.2, P = 0.009), high urine copper concentrations (93.4 ± 144.0 vs 3.5 ± 1.8, P = 0.001) and low hemoglobin (7.0 ± 2.2 vs 12.6 ± 1.8, P < 0.0001) in patients with ALF caused by WD as compared with other etiologies. Interestingly, 4 of 7 patients with ALF due to WD survived without liver transplantation. CONCLUSION: In ALF, these criteria can help establish a diagnosis of WD. Where applicable, slit- lamp examination for presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings and liver biopsy for determination of hepatic copper concentration still remain important for the diagnosis of ALF due to WD. The need for liver transplantation should be evaluated carefully as the prognosis is not necessarily fatal.     

Ohio solid organ transplantation consortium criteria for liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic liver disease

AIM To evaluate risk of recidivism on a case-by-case basis.METHODS From our center's liver transplant program,we selected patients with alcoholic liver disease who were listed for transplant based on Ohio Solid Organ Transplantation Consortium(OSOTC) exception criteria.They were considered to have either a low or medium risk of recidivism,and had at least one or three or more months of abstinence,respectively.They were matched based on gender,age,and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) score to controls with alcohol-induced cirrhosis from Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data.RESULTS Thirty six patients with alcoholic liver disease were approved for listing based on OSOTC exception criteria and were matched to 72 controls.Nineteen patients(53%) with a median [Inter-quartile range(IQR)] MELD score of 24(13) received transplant and were followed for a median of 3.4 years.They were matched to 38 controls with a median(IQR) MELD score of 25(9).At one and five years,cumulative survival rates(± standard error) were 90% ± 7% and 92% ± 5% and 73% ± 12% and 77% ± 8% in patients and controls,respectively(Log-rank test,P = 0.837).Four(21%) patients resumed drinking by last follow-up visit.CONCLUSION Compared to traditional criteria for assessment of risk of recidivism,a careful selection process with more flexibility to evaluate eligibility on a case-by-case basis can lead to similar survival rates after transplantation.     

酒精性肝病的发病机制

酒精性肝病(ALD)是因长期、大量饮用各种含乙醇的饮料所致肝脏损害性病变。在组织病理学上主要表现为三种形式：酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎和酒精性肝硬化，这三种形式可单独或混和存在。酒精性肝病的发病机制相当复杂，涉及到酒精及其代谢产物对肝脏的直接和间接损伤，同时酒精性肝病的发生和进展还与营养状态及遗传易感性密切相关。     

Investigation of alcoholic liver disease

In heavy drinkers with clinical evidence of liver disease, routine investigations should exclude the possibility of other chronic liver diseases of non-alcoholic aetiology requiring specific therapy-these include chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune diseases of the liver, Wilson's disease and genetic haemochromatosis. If abnormalities in liver biochemistry persist despite abstinence, or if the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease is in doubt, a liver biopsy should be carried out. Studies evaluating the role of liver biopsy in alcoholic liver disease suggest that without histological confirmation the diagnosis will be inaccurate in 10–20% of patients.Serum biochemistry and the currently available imaging modalities have severe limitations in determining the relative contributions of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis to the overall picture in alcoholic liver disease. Histological examination is therefore of additional value in determining the prognosis, which is worst in patients with a combination of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.There area number of indices available, based on clinical and laboratory information, for evaluating the short-term prognosis, but these can only be used with accuracy if the histological pattern of damage has initially been evaluated.