铝碳酸镁联合质子泵抑制剂治疗内镜黏膜下剥离术后人造溃疡的随机对照研究

目的 比较铝碳酸镁联合质子泵抑制剂( PPI)或单用PPI治疗内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后人造溃疡的效果.方法 81例ESD术后患者,采用随机对照研究,随机分为PPI组(40例)和联合用药组(41例).对比2组患者的手术迟发出血率,并于1周后对比2组上腹部症状积分,于手术4周后对比2组溃疡大小及愈合率.结果 2组患者术后迟发出血率差异无统计学意义(7.5％比4.9％,P ＞0.05).1周后联合用药组患者的上腹饱胀、上腹痛症状严重程度积分(0.70、0.45)和发生频率积分(1.34、1.22)均优于PPI组症状严重程度积分(0.83、0.65)和发生频率积分(1.92、1.62)(P均＜0.05),而嗳气、恶心症状严重程度和发生频率积分2组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).4周后联合用药组溃疡直径(6.1±2.9) mm明显小于PPI组(10.8±4.8) mm(P ＜0.05),且联合用药组溃疡愈合率(82.4±8.9)％,也明显高于PPI组的(70.4±13.2)％(P＜0.05).结论 在PPI应用基础上加用铝碳酸镁,能有效改善患者上消化道症状和促进ESD术后人造溃疡愈合.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术后出血及溃疡的循证用药研究进展

内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)已被公认为早期胃癌及癌前病变疗效确切的微创治疗方式。随着该技术的推广和普及,有效控制ESD术后并发症特别是术后出血成为临床关注的热点。质子泵抑制剂等药物可用于预防ESD术后出血并促进溃疡愈合,但最佳用药方案尚有诸多争议。此文将重点梳理近年来ESD围手术期用药方面的高质量证据,以期指导临床应用,并为进一步研究提供依据。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道黏膜下肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道黏膜下肿瘤(submucosal tumor,SMT)的疗效及安全性。方法选取我院2008年3月-2011年6月经胃肠镜检查发现消化道黏膜下肿瘤48例,回顾性分析48例患者资料,包括患者的基本情况、病变部位、大小、治疗经过以及病理结果等,统计并发症发生情况及术后随访结果。结果病灶直径为0.8～5.8 cm,平均(3.3±0.75)cm,ESD手术时间为27～167 min,平均(71.0±22.6)min,ESD完整切除病灶45例(45/48,93.75%),穿孔3例(3/48,6.25%),其中1例大出血,1例食管患者ESD术后出现食管狭窄,经内镜下球囊扩张食管狭窄消失。所有病人均完成了术后6个月的内镜随访,1例患者见肿瘤复发。结论 ESD技术对较大病变可以整块切除,并提供完整的病理诊断资料;消化道SMT行ESD术是安全、有效的。     

内镜下经多隧道黏膜下剥离术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变的疗效及安全性

目的比较内镜下经多隧道黏膜下剥离术(ESMTD)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变的疗效及安全性,探讨ESMTD和ESD在消化道早癌及癌前病变的治疗价值。方法选取消化道早癌及癌前病变患者140例。依据手术方式不同,分为ESMTD组(38例)和ESD组(102例)。比较两组术后病灶整块切除率、根治性切除率、操作时间、住院时间、并发症、疼痛程度及随访3、6、12个月的复发率、生活质量核心30问卷调查(QLQ-C30)评分。结果ESMTD组患者术后在整块切除率、根治性切除率明显高于ESD组,在操作时间、住院时间明、术后疼痛程度显著低于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ESMTD组术后并发症发生率显著低于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ESMTD组和ESD组在术后3个月均无复发病例,ESMTD组在术后6、12个月复发率低于ESD组,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);ESMTD组在术后3、6、12个月QLQ-C30量表评分均显著高于ESD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ESMTD和ESD治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变疗效显著,且ESMTD在术后病灶整块切除率、根治性切除率、操作时间、住院时间、并发症、疼痛程度及复发率、QLQ-C30评分方面明显优于ESD,安全性较好。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃肠间质瘤的疗效分析

[目的]探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析运用ESD治疗的27例GIST患者的临床资料。[结果]27例均为单发肿瘤,直径为5~30(16±8)mm,其中位于胃底部13例,胃体8例,胃窦部3例,贲门部2例,直肠1例。27例均内镜下成功完成手术,手术时间为35~180(75±43.6)min,术中出血量较少,平均(10±8.2)ml,4例术中出现穿孔,其中1例主动穿孔行内镜下胃壁全层切除术,均予金属夹成功夹闭。术后病理提示26例为GIST,1例为平滑肌瘤。术后随访6~24个月,所有患者未见肿瘤复发及转移。[结论]ESD治疗GIST是安全、有效的。     

内镜黏膜剥离术治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变

目的探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic gubmucosal disseetion,ESD)治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变的疗效、安全性及并发症防治。方法回顾性分析ESD方法治疗37例消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变的内镜下手术情况、并发症及治疗、预后情况。结果术中出血3例,术后出血2例,均内镜下成功止血;术中穿孔2例,均予内镜下金属夹夹闭后内科保守治疗成功,未有中转外科手术;l例直肠类癌及1例食管重度异型增生术后切缘病变组织残留,2~6月后复查未见明显复发迹象。结论 ESD治疗消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变安全、有效,可以一次性完整切除较大病变,提供完整的病理学资料,且术后不易复发。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术与内镜黏膜切除术治疗早期胃癌患者的疗效比较

[目的]探究内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)与内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗早期胃癌患者的疗效。[方法]选取2014-02—2016-12我院收治的186例早期胃癌患者,根据治疗方法的不同分为ESD组和EMR组,ESD组采用ESD进行治疗,EMR组采用EMR进行治疗,观察比较2组患者手术时间、住院时间及术中出血、穿孔的发生情况,并对2组患者进行病理组织学疗效评价。[结果]2组患者手术时间及住院时间比较差异无统计学意义。ESD组中有5例发生术中出血,2例发生穿孔;EMR组中有17例发生术中出血,9例发生穿孔。2组患者术中出血、穿孔发生情况比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=6.853、4.422,P<0.05)。ESD组可能治愈性切除率、非治愈性切除率、肿瘤复发率低于EMR组(χ2=10.225、11.976、10.123,P<0.05),但ESD组一次性完全切除率、治愈性切除率高于EMR组(χ2=22.763、27.991,P<0.05),说明采用ESD治疗早期胃癌更彻底,2组病理组织学疗效评价比较差异均有统计学意义。[结论]采用ESD能有效降低早期胃癌患者术中出血及穿孔的发生情况,病灶切除彻底,肿瘤复发率低,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

伏诺拉生治疗胃食管反流病的疗效及安全性随机对照试验Meta分析

目的 评价伏诺拉生(Vonoprazan, VPZ)对比质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitors, PPI)在胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)中的治疗效果及安全性。方法 文献检索The Cochrane Library、EmBase、PubMed、CNKI、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库和万方等数据库。收集VPZ对比PPI治疗GERD的随机对照试验,检索时限从建库至2022年4月。根据纳入、排除标准对收集的文献进行筛选,采用Cochrane协作网的偏倚风险评估工具进行质量评价,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7项研究、1 406例患者。质量评价结果显示纳入的研究总体偏倚风险较低。Meta分析结果显示,VPZ试验组在第2周和第8周的治疗有效率明显高于PPI对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗第1周和第4周时,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内镜下LA-A/B和LA-C/D亚组分析结果显示,LA-C/D级患者疗程结束时(第8周),VPZ试验组治疗有效率显著高于P...     

内镜下黏膜切除术和黏膜剥离术治疗早期食管癌的近期疗效比较

目的:比较内镜下黏膜切除术和黏膜剥离术治疗早期食管癌的近期疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析行内镜下黏膜切除术和黏膜剥离术的食管癌早期患者的临床资料。结果:黏膜剥离术患者垂直与水平切缘分别有1、2例阳性,经过术中冰冻追加手术切除,黏膜切除术的患者垂直和水平切缘各有4例阳性,水平切缘阳性患者再次行黏膜切除术,垂直阳性切缘患者有2例术前病理为食管癌,行补救性外科切除,其余2例不典型增生行黏膜剥离术。统计其整块切除率,发现黏膜切除术的整块切除率分别为80. 0%和76. 5%,黏膜剥离术的整块切除率均为100%。黏膜切除术所花费手术时间短于黏膜剥离术。黏膜剥离术患者重度出血率显著高于黏膜切除术,而在食管狭窄方面黏膜切除术的发生率显著高于黏膜剥离术(均P 0. 05)。而食管穿孔发生率比较2组差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论:黏膜剥离术手术近期疗效更佳,但在并发症方面,两种手术方式各有优劣,在临床应用时应该取其优点,避免并发症对患者造成的伤害。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃肠道黏膜及黏膜下病变的疗效及安全性分析

内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）是一项新兴的内镜治疗技术,目前广泛应用于消化遭息肉、早期癌和黏膜下肿瘤等的治疗。现回顾分析我院一年多来采用ESD治疗的胃肠道黏膜及黏膜下层病灶的临床资料,评价其疗效及安全性。     

Short-term healing process of artificial ulcers after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Background/Aims

The relationship between the appearance of an ulcer and postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is not well understood. To explore this potential relationship, we retrospectively analyzed the short-term healing process of ESD.

Methods

A total of 520 consecutive lesions in 434 patients seen between January 2004 and December 2009 were retrospectively investigated. At the second-look endoscopy, which occurred between 1 and 8 days after ESD, artificial ulcers were categorized into 6 patterns according to Forrest''s classification: spurting bleeding, oozing bleeding, non-bleeding visible vessel, adherent clot, black base/spot, and clean base. From these data, a short-term healing model of the artificial ulcer was generated.

Results

Ulcer base changed gradually from a bloody to a clean one. The bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel categories, which occurred in approximately one quarter of the ulcers within 3 days of ESD, were rarely observed 4 days after ESD.

Conclusions

Ulcers that occur after gastric ESD heal in line with a specific time course, and it appears that most healing occurs without massive bleeding.     

Management of bleeding and artificial gastric ulcers associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), an endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastric epithelial neoplasia without lymph node metastases, spread rapidly, primarily in Japan, starting in the late 1990s. ESD enables en bloc resection of lesions that are difficult to resect using conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). However, in comparison to EMR, ESD requires a high level of endoscopic competence and a longer resection time. Thus, ESD is associated with a higher risk of adverse events, including intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and gastrointestinal perforation. In particular, because of a higher incidence of intraoperative bleeding with mucosal incision and submucosal dissection, which are distinctive endoscopic procedures in ESD, a strategy for endoscopic hemostasis, mainly by thermo-coagulation hemostasis using hemostatic forceps, is important. In addition, because of iatrogenic artificial ulcers that always form after ESD, endoscopic hemostasis and appropriate pharma-cotherapy during the healing process are essential.     

Effect of prophylactic endoscopic closure for an artificial ulceration after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now commonly performed as a treatment for not only gastric tumor but also colorectal tumor. However, colorectal ESD has a substantial risk of complications, including post-ESD electrocoagulation syndrome, bowel perforation and bleeding. This study aimed to investigate whether prophylactic endoscopic closure can reduce the occurrence of complications after colorectal ESD.

Materials and methods: Patients who underwent colorectal ESD in our unit were randomly assigned to either of two groups. Prophylactic endoscopic closure for an artificial ulceration after ESD was performed in group I but not in group II. After the procedure, the incidence of complications, visual analog scale (VAS) score for abdominal pain, and laboratory findings were investigated.

Results: Of the 220 patients (110 per group) enrolled in this study, 137 were men. No significant differences were found in age, sex, comorbidity, medication history, tumor location, size of resected specimen, and pathologic result between the two groups. No significant difference was found in ESD outcomes, including hospitalization period, laboratory findings, VAS score for abdominal pain, incidence of surgical operation, and incidence of post-ESD complications, between the two groups.

Conclusions: Contrary to popular belief, prophylactic endoscopic closure after colorectal ESD does not decrease the incidence of complications, and it does not ameliorate inflammatory response and abdominal pain.

Clinical trial registration number: KCT0001666.     

The effect of PPIs Alone,PPIs plus cytoprotective agent,and H2RA plus cytoprotective agent on ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A prospective randomized controlled trial

Background and Study AimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the most effective treatment for early gastric cancer or gastric adenoma. However, ESD results in iatrogenic ulcers and postoperative bleeding from ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone, a PPI + rebamipide combination therapy, and an H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) + rebamipide combination therapy on ulcer healing after ESD.Patients and MethodsA total of 204 patients who underwent ESD from April 2014 to July 2017 at Dong-A University Hospital were randomly assigned to the following groups: PPI-alone group, PPI + rebamipide combination therapy group, and H2RA + rebamipide combination therapy group. However, only 156 patients were studied since we excluded those who were lost to follow-up or had diseases other than early gastric cancer or gastric adenoma. Twenty-eight days after ESD, we evaluated the ulcer residual ratio, S stage rates, ulcer bleeding ratio, and gastric pH.ResultsThis study included 156 patients (PPI-alone group: 52 patients; PPI + rebamipide group: 52 patients; H2RA + rebamipide group: 52 patients). The ulcer residual ratios were 24.3 ± 14.2%, 17.0 ± 12.1%, and 21.0 ± 13.8% in the PPI alone, PPI + rebamipide, and H2RA + rebamipide groups, respectively (P = 0.048).ConclusionsPPI + rebamipide was more effective in reducing the ulcer residual ratio after ESD. There was no statistical difference in ulcer stage and delayed bleeding after ESD among the groups. These findings showed that PPI + rebamipide had limited benefits after ESD.     

Routine mucosal closure with a detachable snare and clips after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms: a randomized controlled trial

Background/Aims

The aim of this study was to determine whether the routine closure of mucosal defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can enhance mucosal healing and reduce ESD-associated bleeding.

Methods

Patients with gastric epithelial neoplasias and no obvious submucosal invasion were prospectively enrolled. Mucosal defects were left untreated in the control group. In the study group, mucosal closure was attempted with a 2-channel endoscope, a detachable snare, and clips. All participants received a second-look endoscopy the day after ESD, and coagulation therapy was administered to patients with visible vessels and active bleeding points.

Results

Fifty-two patients were enrolled in the study, and 26 patients were assigned to each group. Complete mucosal defect closure occurred in 16 patients (61%) in the study group; incomplete closure occurred in 8 patients (31%) in the study group, and failed closure occurred in 2 patients (8%). Coagulation therapy at the second-look endoscopy was performed more often in the control group than in the study group (31% vs 4%, p=0.024). There were no significant differences in the incidence of immediate or delayed bleeding or in the two-week decrease in hemoglobin between the groups. The prevalence of open ulcers after 8 weeks was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (18% vs 43%, p=0.012).

Conclusions

Routine mucosal closure after ESD supports earlier healing of artificial ulcers. A larger-scale trial is necessary to determine whether mucosal closure can reduce ESD-associated bleeding.     

A prospective randomized trial of lafutidine vs rabeprazole on post-ESD gastric ulcers

AIM: To compare the effects of rabeprazole and lafutidine on post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) gastric ulcers.METHODS: Patients with gastric tumors indicated for ESD were prospectively studied. After ESD, all patients were treated with intravenous omeprazole for the first 3 d. Patients were then randomly assigned to oral lafutidine or rabeprazole. Ulcer size, ulcer size reduction rate, and ulcer stage were evaluated 4 wk later. Occurrence of complication was monitored throughout the 4-wk period.RESULTS: Sixty five patients were enrolled in the study, and 60 patients were subjected to the final analysis. In the lafutidine group (30 lesions in 29 patients), initial and 4-wk post-ESD ulcer sizes were 33.3 ± 9.2 and 10.5 ± 4.8 mm, respectively. In the rabeprazole group (34 lesions in 31 patients), the values were 34.7 ± 11.3 and 11.8 ± 6.7 mm, respectively. Ulcer size reduction rates in lafutidine and rabeprazole groups were 32.3% and 33.5%, respectively (P = 0.974). Ulcer stage 4 wk post-ESD did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.868). Two cases in the rabeprazole group and no cases in the lafutidine group developed ulcer bleeding during the oral dose period, although the difference of bleeding rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.157).CONCLUSION: Lafutidine and rabeprazole have equivalent therapeutic effects on post-ESD gastric ulcers.     

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sedation between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sedation protocols for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofolremifentanil.METHODS: Fifty-nine patients scheduled for ESD were randomly allocated into a dexmedetomidineremifentanil(DR) group or a propofol-remifentanil(PR) group. To control patient anxiety, dexmedetomidine or propofol was infused to maintain a score of 4-5 on the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Remifentanil was infused continuously at a rate of 6 μg/kg per hour in both groups. The ease of advancing the scope into the throat, gastric motility grading, and satisfaction of the endoscopist and patient were assessed. Hemodynamic variables and hypoxemic events were compared to evaluate patient safety.RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable between the groups. The hemodynamic variables and pulse oximetry values were stable during the procedure in both groups despite a lower heart rate in the DR group. No oxygen desaturation events occurred in either group. Although advancing the scope into the throat was easier in the PR group("very easy" 24.1% vs 56.7%, P = 0.010), gastric motility was moresuppressed in the DR group("no + mild" 96.6% vs 73.3%, P = 0.013). The endoscopists felt that the procedure was more favorable in the DR group("very good + good" 100% vs 86.7%, P = 0.042), whereas patient satisfaction scores were comparable between the groups. En bloc resection was performed 100% of the time in both groups, and the complete resection rate was 94.4% in the DR group and 100% in the PR group(P = 0.477). CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were comparable to propofol and remifentanil during ESD. However, the endoscopists favored dexmedetomidine perhaps due to lower gastric motility.