牵引技术在内镜黏膜下剥离术中的应用

内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD）以其创伤小、并发症少、恢复快等特点成为早期胃肠道肿瘤的一线治疗方法。但是对于面积大、严重纤维化等的病灶,术中缺乏牵引限制了手术视野的清晰度,使出血、穿孔等并发症的风险增加。系统回顾国内外牵引技术在ESD术中应用的研究,旨在总结近年常用ESD术中牵引方式,并分析其在不同解剖部位的应用及优缺点。     

Q法自牵引技术在大范围早期食管癌内镜 黏膜下剥离术中的应用研究（含视频）

目的初步报告Q法自牵引辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术(Q-ESD)应用于大范围早期食管癌(EEC)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月间在福建省立医院接受ESD治疗的82例大范围EEC(单发病灶>1/2周径或纵径长度>5 cm)患者病例资料,按治疗方案不同分为传统ESD组(n=44)和Q-ESD组(n=38),比较两组操作面积、操作时间、操作速度、整块切除率、完整切除率、并发症情况。结果82例病灶均于内镜下成功整块切除。Q-ESD组和传统ESD组在操作面积[779.8(329.9~2552.5)mm^2比875.7(417.8~1914.8)mm^2,U=155,P=0.636]、操作时间[63(41~177)min比59(42~169)min,U=171,P=0.167]、完整切除率[94.7%(36/38)比93.2%(41/44),χ^2=0.086,P=0.769]方面比较差异无统计学意义。但Q-ESD组操作速度快[14.9(5.4~20.8)mm^2/min比9.0(5.0~19.5)mm^2/min,U=142,P=0.035],固有肌层损伤发生率低[7.9%(3/38)比27.3%(12/44),χ^2=5.123,P=0.023],术后狭窄发生率低[5.3%(2/38)比20.5%(9/44),χ^2=4.051,P=0.044]。除传统ESD组有1例穿孔外,未发生其他不良事件。结论Q-ESD是治疗大范围EEC安全有效的可选策略。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术的辅助牵引技巧

内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）作为一种治疗早期消化道肿瘤的方法,具有创伤小、花费低、恢复快、对患者生活质量影响小等优点,且治疗效果和外科手术相当,近年来得到蓬勃发展和广泛应用。手术中如何保持病变组织张力和视野清晰是减少并发症、保证手术安全性和有效性的关键,尤其对于困难ESD治疗更为关键。本文系统回顾ESD各种辅助牵引技术,并总结各自优缺点,以期为临床应用及研究提供借鉴。     

经口牵引辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变的临床研究（含视频）

目的评估经口牵引辅助下内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗早前胃癌及癌前病变的疗效和价值。方法2013年7月至2014年8月经胃镜及超声胃镜检查判断局限于黏膜层、未侵及固有肌层的早期胃癌及癌前病变患者44例,其中22例采用经口牵引辅助下ESD治疗（牵引组）,22例采用常规ESD治疗（对照组）,评估2组在病灶开始标记至完整剥离时间、黏膜暴露至完整剥离时间、单位时间切除率、操作困难部位切除时间、一次性整块切除率、一次性完整切除率、出血发生率、穿孔发生率等情况。结果牵引组较对照组,病灶开始标记至完整剥离时间[（48．13±14．65）min比（65．07±29．07）min,P〈0．05]、黏膜暴露至完整剥离时间[（37．47±14．17）min比（54．93±28．16）min,P〈0．05]、操作困难部位切除时间[（33．17±10．65）min比（54．53±46．92）min,P〈0．05]均明显缩短,单位时间切除率[（23．60±14．73）mm。／min比（13．62±8．11）mm。／min,P〈0．05]明显提高。2组一次性整块切除率、一次性完整切除率、出血发生率、穿孔发生率及容易操作部位切除时间相似（P〉0．05）,随访均未见局部复发。结论经口牵引辅助下ESD治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变可提高切除效率,对治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变具有较好的应用价值。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术在消化道肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）在治疗消化道肿瘤中的应用价值。方法收集近2年电子胃肠镜发现的15例胃与大肠黏膜及黏膜下肿瘤,内镜超声检查和/或病理活检进一步明确病灶大小,位置及性质,ESD操作步骤;黏膜下注射液体以抬高病灶,接着预切开病灶周围黏膜,之后使用Hook刀或IT刀沿病灶黏膜下层完整剥离病灶。结果 15例患者均顺利完成ESD治疗,病变直径1.0～3.5cm,平均2.3cm,ESD手术时间30～175min,平均73min,ESD治疗过程中创面均有少量出血,均经电凝或金属钛夹止血,无术后延迟出血发生,穿孔发生率为6.7%（1/15）,术后随访1～8个月,未见肿瘤残留或复发。结论 ESD作为一种内镜微创治疗,能实现较大病灶的完全剥离,为临床提供完整的病理学资料,也为消化道早期黏膜及黏膜下肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的治疗途径。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗下咽部浅表癌的临床价值研究（含视频）

目的 评价内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）用于治疗下咽部浅表癌的安全性及有效性。方法 回顾性分析2015年9月至2018年3月在复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心接受ESD治疗的9例下咽部浅表癌患者的临床病理资料。 结果 9例患者中男7例、女2例,平均年龄61.2岁（48~80岁）。切除病灶平均大小为16.3 mm（5~27 mm）,平均手术时间为52.2 min（30~90 min）。9例患者术中及术后均未发生出血、穿孔、气肿、呼吸困难等并发症。平均住院天数4.6 d（3~7 d）。术后病理包括上皮内高级别瘤变1例,鳞状细胞癌8例;在8例鳞状细胞癌患者中,肿瘤组织浸润深度均未突破固有膜。1例水平切缘阳性,患者术后接受了区域放疗。平均随访时间10.2个月（3~29个月）,所有患者未见复发或转移,未见食管入口狭窄。结论 ESD是治疗下咽部浅表癌安全有效的方法,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术体内辅助牵引技术的研究进展

内镜黏膜下剥离术(Endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)最早由Gotoda等[1]在日本开展.ESD可以达到对早期消化系统肿瘤在内镜下一次性根治性切除,免除了患者开腹手术的痛苦和器官的切除,目前已在世界范围内广泛应用[2-3].然而ESD有出血、穿孔等并发症的风险[4].为避免这些并...     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗结肠脉管畸形1例

本文报道了1例罕见的以结肠隆起性病变并破溃为主要表现的脉管畸形病例，结肠镜显示距肛门约36 cm处降结肠隆起性病变，质地软，局部破溃并可见白色脓性分泌物，超声内镜见病变起源于结肠固有肌层，予内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）治疗，术后病理提示脉管畸形。该病例提醒内镜医师，对于结肠隆起性病变，超声内镜提示病变为多个低回声，可能为脉管畸形。本例ESD治疗成功为结肠脉管畸形内镜治疗提供了经验。     

磁牵引技术辅助早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术

目的 评价体外永磁体牵引技术辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)的可行性与安全性.方法 选取2020年3月26日西安交通大学第一附属医院消化内科收治的1例胃早癌患者,对胃窦早癌患者实施体外永磁体牵引辅助ESD手术治疗,记录手术时间、是否完整切除及有无并发症等资料.结果 顺利完成ESD手术治疗,磁牵引装置从开始准备到完成病变牵...     

Two traction methods that can facilitate esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Different traction devices that can provide a visual field and attain appropriate tension at the dissection plane during endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) have been developed. Clip-with-line(CWL) is a classic traction device that can offer per-oral traction toward the direction where the line is drawn. A multicenter randomized controlled trial(CONNECT-E trial) comparing the conventional ESD and CWL-assisted ESD(CWL-ESD) for large esophageal tumors was conducted in Japan. This study showed th...     

橡皮圈腔内牵拉法在内镜黏膜下剥离术中辅助价值研究

目的　评价橡皮圈腔内牵拉法用于内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD） 中的有效性及安全性。方法　纳入2016年1月—2019年12月因直肠内分泌瘤就诊于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院的49例患者,其中2016年1月—2018年5月行常规ESD的患者32例（非牵拉组）,2018年6月—2019年12月行橡皮圈腔内牵拉ESD的患者17例（牵拉组）,比较2组患者基本信息、ESD手术时间、并发症等指标。结果　牵拉组和非牵拉组在年龄、性别及病变大小方面差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。牵拉组ESD操作时间为（13.76±5.71） min,非牵拉组ESD操作时间为（22.99±10.32） min,两者差异有统计学意义（t=-3.408,P=0.001）。牵拉组未发生术后并发症,非牵拉组有3例出现穿孔,但穿孔发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.542）。结论　橡皮圈腔内牵拉法辅助ESD,可以安全完成ESD操作并有效提高剥离效率。     

新型牵引装置在结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤内镜黏膜下剥离术中的有效性研究

目的 研究新型牵引装置在结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤（laterally spreading tumor,LST）内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）中的有效性。 方法 收集2018年8月—2020年4月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院内镜中心经ESD治疗的结直肠LST患者资料,根据手术过程中是否使用牵引,分为传统ESD组（不使用牵引）及牵引辅助ESD组（利用3个夹子和1个橡皮圈组成弹性三角形牵引装置进行牵引）。分析两组总切除时间、黏膜下剥离时间、黏膜下剥离速率以及安全性等相关指标。 结果 共纳入54例结直肠LST患者,其中29例为传统ESD组,25例为牵引辅助ESD组。两组年龄、性别构成、病变位置比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。牵引辅助ESD组的病变面积为13.30（7.55,15.91）cm2,较传统ESD组的6.90（5.50,13.50）cm2大,差异有统计学意义（U=503.50,P=0.014）。传统ESD组与牵引辅助ESD组总切除时间[48.00（35.50,58.00）min比34.00（29.00,35.00）min,U=109.00,P<0.001]和黏膜下剥离时间[（39.52±12.37） min比（25.68±7.37）min,t=4.89,P<0.001]比较差异有统计学意义。牵引辅助ESD组黏膜下剥离速率快于传统ESD组[0.17（0.13,0.30）cm2/min比0.52（0.30,0.62）cm2/min,U=604.00,P<0.001]。传统ESD组有2例（6.9%）穿孔,牵引辅助ESD无穿孔发生,但穿孔发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.493）。 结论 利用夹子及橡皮圈进行牵引辅助的ESD相对于传统ESD治疗结直肠LST更加安全、有效。     

Advanced endoscopic submucosal dissection with traction

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been established as a standard treatment for early stage gastric cancer (EGC) in Japan and has spread worldwide. ESD has been used not only for EGC but also for early esophageal and colonic cancers. However, ESD is as-sociated with several adverse events, such as bleeding and perforation, which requires more skill. Adequate tissue tension and clear visibility of the tissue to be dissected are important for effective and safe dissection. Many ESD methods using traction have been devel-oped, such as clip-with-line method, percutaneous trac-tion method, sinker-assisted method, magnetic anchor method, external forceps method, internal-traction method, double-channel-scope method, outerroute method, double-scope method, endoscopic-surgical-platform, and robot-assisted method. Each method has both advantages and disadvantages. Robotic endos-copy, enabling ESD with a traction method, will become more common due to advances in technology. In thenear future, simple, noninvasive, and effective ESD us-ing traction is expected to be developed and become established as a worldwide standard treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasias.     

Device-assisted traction methods in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection and options for difficult cases

Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) procedure has a longer procedure time and higher perforation rate than endoscopic mucosal resection owing to technical complications, including a poor field of vision and inadequate tension for the submucosal dissection plane. Various traction devices were developed to secure the visual field and provide adequate tension for the dissection plane. Two randomized controlled trials demonstrated that traction devices reduce colorectal ESD procedure time compared...     

Optimal traction direction in traction-assisted gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

Various traction devices have been developed to secure a visual field and sufficient tension at the dissection plane during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, few large-scale studies have investigated the effectiveness of traction devices in gastric ESD. Clip-with-line (CWL) is one such traction device that is widely used in cases of gastric ESD. The CONNECT-G trial was the first multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare conventional ESD with CWL-assisted ESD (CWL-ESD) for superficial gastric neoplasms. Overall, no significant intergroup difference was observed in terms of the gastric ESD procedure time. However, subgroup analysis according to lesion location revealed a significant reduction in the procedure time of gastric ESD for the lesion located at the greater curvature of the middle and upper third of the stomach in the CWL-ESD group. In this subgroup analysis, lesion location was categorized as follows: anterior wall, posterior wall, lesser curvature, and greater curvature of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the stomach. However, the gastric ESD procedure time showed no significant difference, except for lesions located at the greater curvature of the upper and middle thirds of the stomach. The traction direction of CWL in the stomach was limited to the cardia and changed depending on the lesion location. Therefore, outcomes of the CONNECT-G trail suggest that the effectiveness of CWL was influenced by lesion location, i.e., traction direction. Further studies are warranted to investigate the optimal traction direction in gastric ESD.     

A laterally-spreading tumor in a colonic interposition treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection

Herein we describe an early colonic carcinoma which developed in a colonic interposition 14 years after surgery for esophageal cancer, which was successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). An 80-year-old man underwent colonic interposition between the upper esophagus and stomach after surgery for an early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in 1994. He received a surveillance endoscopy, and a laterally-spreading tumor of granular type, approximately 20 mm in size, was identified in the co...     

Recent traction methods for endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates.Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD), which has overcome some EMR problems, and has become the standard treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, ESD is technically difficult. Procedure time is longer and complications such as intraoperative perforation and bleeding occur more frequently than in EMR. Recently various traction methods have been introduced to facilitate ESD procedures, such as clip with line, external forceps, clip and snare, internal traction, double scope, and magnetic anchor. Each method must be used appropriately according to the anatomical characteristics. In this review we discuss recently proposed traction methods for ESD based on the characteristics of various anatomical sites.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗有症状的结肠巨大脂肪瘤

探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）治疗有临床症状的结肠巨大脂肪瘤（≥5 cm）的疗效和安全性。2018年12月—2021年12月，上海市东方医院消化内镜科收治巨大结肠脂肪瘤患者8例，患者均成功行ESD完整切除，完整切除率100%，切除病变长径5.5~9.0 cm，平均6.0 cm。ESD操作耗时25~80 min，平均41 min。术中极少量出血均通过热活检钳电凝止血成功，2例术中发生小穿孔，均成功缝合。患者术后无腹痛、发热，亦无迟发性出血或迟发性穿孔；住院时间3~5 d，平均3 d；随访8~36个月，无一例病灶残留或复发。可见，ESD治疗结肠巨大脂肪瘤安全有效，可避免行外科手术切除。