房室旁路射频导管消融术中心脏记忆现象的分析

目的对房室旁路射频导管消融术(以下简称消融术)前后T波改变进行分析，以揭示影响T波改变的因素。 方法选择资料完整的显性房室旁路患者120例，隐匿房室旁路100例，所有患者均为单支房室旁路，术中旁路均阻断成功，男性170例，女性50例，年龄8～72(平均36±13)岁，均有术前及术后即刻同步十二导联心电图，显性房室旁路预激程度足够充分(预激波清晰，QRS波时限大于100ms)。按常规旁路消融方法，计算不同部位的显性及隐匿房室旁路消融术前后发生T波改变的百分率，比较不同部位显性房室旁路消融术前后发生T波改变的差异性，比较显性与隐匿房室旁路消融术前后发生T波改变的差异性。 结果不同部位的显性房室旁路消融术后发生T波改变无显著差异(右后侧壁100%，右后间隔100%，右侧其它部位93%，左后间隔100%，左侧其它部位90%，P＞0.05)，显性房室旁路与隐匿房室旁路(左侧隐匿房室旁路2%，右侧隐匿房室旁路20%)相比有非常显著差异(P＜0.01)。 结论消融术后发生T波改变是由于心脏记忆所致，与旁路部位、心肌损伤及自主神经功能变化无关，冠状动脉缺血不是显性房室旁路消融术后发生T波改变的主要原因。     

S预激综合征对心室除极终末向量的影响

目的 对87例显性房室旁路及26例隐匿性房室旁路患者导管射频消融术前后体表心电图QRS波终末40ms的向量变化进行分析，探讨预激综合征对心室除极终末向量的影响。方法 选择经射频消融术证实的显性单房室旁路87例及隐匿性单房室旁路26例患者，经临床常规检查无器质性心脏病。将房室旁路分为间隔、左后游离壁、左前游离壁、右后游离壁及右前游离壁房室旁路。结果87例显性房室旁路中的72例患者导管射频消融术后终末向量发生改变，15例无变化，26例隐匿房室旁路中的2例患者导管射频消融术后终末向量发生改变，24倒无变化，显性房室旁路与隐匿房室旁路相比差异有显著性(P<0．05)，不同部位间的显性房室旁路相比差异无显著性(P>0．05)，显性房室旁路终末向量的变化特点具有导联的特异性，后间隔房室旁路主要表现Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联S波变浅或消失及V2～V4导联原有S波加深或新出现S波，中间隔房室旁路表现V2～V4导联原有S波加深或新出现S波，前间隔房室旁路表现Ⅰ、aVI，导联新出现S波及V4导联原有S渡加深，左后游离壁房室旁路表现Ⅰ、aVL导联新出现S波及V1～V4导联原有S波加深或新出现S波，左前游离壁房室旁路表现Ⅰ、Ⅱ．aVF导联波变浅或消失及V1～V4导联原有S波加深或新出现S波，右后游离壁房室旁路表现V2～V4导联原有S波加深或新出现S波，右前游离壁房室旁路表现口Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联S波加深及V4导联S波加探或新出现S波。结论任何部位显性房室旁路均可引起QRS波终末向量的改变，这种改变有导联的特异性。提示预激综合征不但影响QRS起始向量的改变，也可导致QRS终末向量的改变。     

房室旁道射频消融后T波改变的临床观察

分析房室旁道射频消融术前后T波改变的影响因素 ,以揭示T波的改变机制。选择房室旁道患者 116例 ,其中显性旁道 82例、隐匿性旁道 34例。术中旁道均成功阻断 ,均为单支旁道 ,消融前后均无束支阻滞者。结果 :82例显性旁道患者有 79例 (96 % )有T波改变 ,而 34例隐性旁道患者无一例有T波改变 (P <0 .0 1) ;左、右显性旁道T波改变无显著性差异 (95 %vs 10 0 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;T波改变程度与预激程度有关 ;有T波改变和无T波改变患者消融时间 (116± 37vs 118± 5 2s)、能量 (2 7± 5vs 2 8± 7W)和消融后CK MB(2 0± 3vs 2 1± 5IU/L)差异无显著性 ,P均 >0 .0 5。结论 :射频消融术后T波改变由电张力调整所致 ,与心肌损伤无关。     

预激综合征射频消融术后心电图电张调整性T波及J-ST段特征分析

目的探讨预激综合征射频消融房室旁道后心电图出现电张调整性T波及J-ST段的特征及其发生机制。方法45例持续性预激综合征患者，对比射频消融术前后心电图，总结和分析术后电张调整性T波、J波以及ST段变化的发生规律和特征。结果45例中射频消融术后出现电张调整性T波改变有27例，间隔部和左前壁旁道消融后电张调整性T波出现率最高（达100％），电张调整性T波主要分布于下壁导联（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF）和高侧壁导联（Ⅰ、aVL）；下壁导联电张凋整性T波倒置深度Ⅲ〉aVF〉Ⅱ（P〈0．01），高侧壁导联aVL〉Ⅰ。此外尚可出现J-ST改变，表现为J点抬高、J波和ST段水平或弓背向下型抬高，总发生率高于同期隐匿性旁道消融组（42．2％vs3．5％，P〈0．01）。结论预激综合征射频消融术后电张调整性T波的出现取决于预激时QRS波形态；射频消融术后心电图可出现类似早期复极综合征的J-ST段改变。     

显性房室旁道射频消融术后T波改变的临床意义

通过对房室旁道 (简称旁道 )消融术后T波改变的动态观察 ,探讨其临床意义。 12 4例消融成功的单旁道患者分为隐匿性旁道组 (n =5 6 )、轻度预激组 (n =2 4)和明显预激组 (n =44 )。记录消融术前、术后即刻、术后 1h、术后 1天及随访 1～ 3个月期间 12导联心电图 ,比较评价消融术前后T波改变。消融术后超声心动图检查及测定心肌酶。结果 :术后 2 4h明显预激组 2 7例 (6 1% )T波明显改变 ,轻度预激组 4例 (17% )T波明显改变 (P <0 .0 1)。隐匿性旁道组无 1例T波改变。室间隔 (87% )及左侧旁道 (77% )消融术后T波改变多于右侧旁道 (36 % )。T波改变与消融能量及心肌酶升高程度无关 ,与术前预激程度及旁道部位有关。术后 1～ 3个月T波改变者均完全恢复正常。结论 :提示显性旁道射频消融术后T波改变为电张调整性T波改变 ,非心肌损伤所致。     

房室旁路射频消融术后心电图T波改变的意义

一些房室旁路的患者射频消融术后存在Ｔ波形态的异常,这部分患者是由于心肌缺血损伤所致,还是其它的一种心肌生理调节？本研究旨在分析房室旁路射频消融术后Ｔ波形态的系列变化及临床意义。资料与方法选择我院房室旁路成功消融的患者１００例,其中显性旁路５３例,隐匿...     

射频消融位于冠状静脉窦憩室处的后间隔房室旁路

目的报道５例冠状静脉窦憩室处后间隔房室旁路的射频消融结果。方法对５例后间隔显性房室旁路患者进行电生理检查和射频消融术。术后冠状动脉造影,以观察冠状静脉窦形态。结果所有患者的冠状静脉窦近端有一憩室,并在憩室的颈部消融阻断房室旁路。成功靶点图：心室激动较体表心电图Δ波提前（３１±３．７）ｍｓ,其中４例患者伴有旁路电位。结论冠状静脉窦憩室与后间隔旁路存在着解剖关系。术中冠状静脉窦造影检查有助于发现憩室和确定有效的消融部位。     

预激综合征射频消融术后心电图电张调整性T波及J-ST段特征分析

目的探讨预激综合征射频消融房室旁道后心电图出现电张调整性T波及J-ST段的特征及其发生机制。方法45例持续性预激综合征患者,对比射频消融术前后心电图,总结和分析术后电张调整性T波、J波以及ST段变化的发生规律和特征。结果45例中射频消融术后出现电张调整性T波改变有27例,间隔部和左前壁旁道消融后电张调整性T波出现率最高(达100%),电张调整性T波主要分布于下壁导联(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF)和高侧壁导联(Ⅰ、aVL);下壁导联电张调整性T波倒置深度Ⅲ>aVF>Ⅱ(P<0.01),高侧壁导联aVL>Ⅰ。此外尚可出现J-ST改变,表现为J点抬高、J波和ST段水平或弓背向下型抬高,总发生率高于同期隐匿性旁道消融组(42.2%vs3.5%,P<0.01)。结论预激综合征射频消融术后电张调整性T波的出现取决于预激时QRS波形态;射频消融术后心电图可出现类似早期复极综合征的J-ST段改变。     

室上性心动过速的射频消融术和自制鞘的应用效果

目的　探讨射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速 (SVT)及术中加用自制鞘的临床效果。方法　 82例SVT患者 ,其中房室旁路折返性心动过速 6 8例 ,房室结折返性心动过速 14例。有 8例房室旁路和 1例房室结双径路术中应用了自制鞘 ,11例显性预激加用了单极电图。结果　 (1) 82例患者中 ,81例成功 ,其中 6 7例房室旁路 ,14例房室结双经路 ,1例房室结双经路出现三度房室传导阻滞 ,成功率为 98 8%。 (2 ) 9例应用自制鞘患者中 ,5例用于左侧旁路与常规射频消融术方法相比 ,3例用于右侧旁路 ,1例用于房室结双经路。与常规RFCA方法相比 ,术中应用自制鞘可显著缩短操作过程、X线投照时间明显缩短 ,减少无效放电次数。 (3)术中应用单极电图可使靶点更清楚。结论　射频消融术治疗SVT确有很高的成功率 ,术中加用自制鞘使大头电极与组织贴靠更稳定、更紧密 ,使成功率进一步提高 ,减少并发症 ,缩短操作及X线曝光时间 ,单数电图的应用使靶点更明确。     

房室旁路射频消融术对预激综合征患者心房颤动发生率的影响

目的观察房室旁路射频消融术对伴有阵发性心房颤动(PAF)的预激综合征患者PAF发生情况的影响.方法对75例(男59例,女16例),年龄41±8(14～71)岁,伴有PAF的预激综合征(WPW)患者进行显性房室旁路的射频消融术,其中左侧旁路35例,右侧旁路40例.全部患者均经射频消融消除显性旁路并定期通过症状和心电图随访判定有无PAF再发.结果除9例患者失访外,51例无PAF再发,15例有PAF再发,再发的15例PAF中有5例转为永久性心房颤动.有PAF再发的患者均无阵发性心动过速再发的证据.结论房室旁路射频消融术后可显著减少预激综合征患者PAF的再发率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.