弥散峰度成像评估3~5岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童胼胝体改变

目的 采用MR弥散峰度成像(DKI)观察3~5岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿胼胝体(CC)结构改变及其与临床心理评分的关系。方法 对21例ASD患儿(ASD组)和20名健康儿童(对照组)采集颅脑DKI,记录ASD组儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)得分,比较组间及组内CC各分区各向异性分数(FA)、平均弥散率(MD)、轴向弥散率(Da)、径向弥散率(Dr)及平均峰度(MK)的差异;以多元线性回归分析ASD组CC各分区DKI参数与CARS评分的关系。结果 ASD组CC Ⅰ区FA、Ⅱ区FA和Da、Ⅳ区FA均高于对照组(P均＜0.05),Ⅰ区MD和Dr、Ⅱ区Dr和MK、Ⅳ区MD、Dr和MK、Ⅴ区FA、Da和MK均低于对照组(P均＜0.05)。ASD组CC各分区FA、MD和Dr差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);Ⅴ区Da低于Ⅱ区(P＜0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ区CC MK均低于Ⅴ区(P均＜0.05)。对照组CC各分区Da差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅴ区FA高于Ⅰ区(P均＜0.05),Ⅴ区MD、Ⅲ和Ⅴ区Dr均低于Ⅰ区(P均＜0.05);Ⅴ区FA高于Ⅱ区(P＜0.05),Ⅴ区Dr和MK均低于Ⅱ区(P均＜0.05);Ⅴ区FA高于Ⅳ区(P＜0.05),Ⅴ区MD、Dr和MK均低于Ⅳ区(P均＜0.05)。CARS评分与CC Ⅱ和Ⅳ区DKI参数存在线性回归关系(R²=0.515、0.523,P均＜0.05)。结论 3~5岁ASD患儿CC存在结构改变;根据Ⅱ和Ⅳ区CC的DKI参数可预测其临床心理评分。     

3.0T MR体素内不相干运动成像、弥散张量成像及T1 mapping检测健康成年人肾功能

目的 观察3.0T MR体素内不相干运动成像(IVIM)、弥散张量成像(DTI)及T1 mapping技术检测健康成年人肾功能的价值。方法 对前瞻性招募的22名健康成年志愿者行3.0T MR肾脏IVIM、DTI及T1 mapping扫描,获得左、右肾皮髓质MRI参数,包括IVIM相关参数纯水分子扩散系数(D)、灌注相关扩散系数(D^*)和灌注分数(f)、DTI相关参数各向异性分数(FA)及T1 mapping相关参数T1值;观察肾脏不同部位各参数差异,评估其与估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的相关性,分析其反映肾功能的价值。结果 左、右肾皮髓质上、中、下份MRI参数及左、右肾MRI参数差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。双肾皮质表观弥散系数(ADC)及D均大于髓质,而FA及T1值均小于髓质(P均<0.05);双肾髓质T1值与eGFR中度相关(r=0.718,P=0.013)。观察者间双肾皮质及髓质ADC、D、FA及T1值测值的一致性良好(ICC=0.751~0.896,P均＜0.001),双肾皮质及髓质D^*、f的一致性一般(ICC=0.489~0.668,P均＜0.001)。结论 3.0T MR IVIM、DTI及T1 mapping技术有助于检测健康成年人肾功能。     

MR扩散张量成像评估高尿酸血症患者肾损伤

目的 探讨MR扩散张量成像评价高尿酸血症早期肾功能损伤的可行性。方法 收集23例男性无症状高尿酸血症（AH组）、30例痛风（GA组）患者及23名健康志愿者（HC组）。检测血清尿酸浓度（SUA），估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。行常规MRI及DTI，比较3组间肾皮、髓质表观扩散系数（ADC）值及各向异性（FA）值、SUA、eGFR差异，并分别分析其与SUA及eGFR的相关性；同时分析SUA与eGFR间的关系。结果 HC组SUA值低于AH组及GA组（P均<0.05），GA组eGFR低于HC组（P<0.05）。AH组与GA组肾皮质和髓质的FA值均低于HC组（P均<0.05）；AH组、GA组肾皮质ADC值和GA组肾髓质ADC值均低于HC组（P均<0.05）。肾皮、髓质FA值（r=-0.41、-0.40）及肾皮、髓质ADC值（r=-0.34、-0.28）与SUA均呈负相关（P均<0.05），而肾皮、髓质DTI各参数与eGFR无明显相关性；SUA与eGFR呈负相关（r=-0.43，P<0.05）。结论 DTI可用于评估高尿酸血症早期肾功能损伤；高尿酸血症肾皮质ADC值及肾皮、髓质FA值均低于正常人；肾皮、髓质ADC值及FA值与SUA均呈负相关，SUA与肾功能损伤程度呈正相关。     

氨基质子转移成像及扩散峰度成像用于宫颈鳞癌病理分级

目的 观察氨基质子转移成像（APT）及扩散峰度成像（DKI）鉴别不同病理级别宫颈鳞癌的价值。方法 回顾性分析36例原发宫颈鳞癌[高分化组（n=11）、中分化组（n=16）、低分化组（n=9）]患者APT、DKI等资料，分别于非对称性磁化转移率（MTRasym）、平均峰度系数（MK）、平均扩散系数（MD）伪彩图上测量宫颈鳞癌组织的MTRasym、MK及MD值，并比较各组差异；采用ROC曲线分析各参数鉴别不同病理级别宫颈鳞癌的效能，观察各参数与组织学分级的相关性。结果 3组间MTRasym、MK、MD值差异均有统计学意义（F=25.82、15.21、15.35，P均<0.01）。MTRasym值鉴别高、中分化及中、低分化宫颈鳞癌的诊断效能均最佳（AUC=0.85，0.90，P均<0.01），分别优于MD（AUC=0.83、0.78，P均<0.01）和MK（AUC=0.82、0.82，P均<0.01）。MK值、MTRasym值与病理分级均呈正相关（r=0.78、0.69，P均<0.01），MD值与病理分级呈负相关（r=-0.68，P<0.01）。结论 APT和DKI参数均有助于宫颈鳞癌病理分级；相比DKI，APT的诊断效能更高。     

弥散峰度成像评估阿尔茨海默病脑部白质纤维束损害

目的 探讨弥散峰度成像(DKI)对于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的诊断价值。方法 对19例AD患者(AD组)和17名健康体检者(对照组)行DKI扫描,测量并比较两组胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部、双侧前扣带束、双侧后扣带束、双侧上纵束和双侧下枕额束的弥散张量成像(DTI)和DKI参数值,分析各参数与简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分的相关性。结果 AD组胼胝体膝部、压部,双侧前扣带束,双侧后扣带束的各向异性分数(FA)、平均扩散程度(MD)、径向扩散程度(RD)和平均弥散峰度(MK)、径向峰度(RK)、轴向峰度(AK),双侧上纵束和双侧下枕额束MK、RK、AK值与对照组的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);AD组同一患者右前扣带束的FA、MK、AK、RK值,右后扣带束FA值,左上纵束FA、RD、MK、RK值与右侧的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);DTI和DKI参数值与MMSE均具有相关性,胼胝体膝部MK值与MMSE的相关性最高(r=0.55,P<0.05)。结论 DKI可敏感、准确地评价认知障碍的严重程度。     

弥散峰度成像预测皮质脊髓束周围高级别胶质瘤患者肌力下降

目的 观察弥散峰度成像（DKI）预测皮质脊髓束（CST）周围高级别胶质瘤（HGG）患者肌力下降的价值。方法 纳入21例HGG累及CST走行区及其周围患者,比较患侧及健侧CST DKI定量参数的差异;根据手术前肢体肌力改变情况将患者分为正常组（n=14）及肌力下降组（n=7）,比较组间Karnofsky功能状态（KPS）评分及CST DKI定量参数的差异。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,评价CST相对定量参数预测患者肌力下降的效能。结果 与健侧比较,患侧纤维束数量、体积、各向异性分数（FA）、平均峰度（MK）、轴向峰度（AK）和径向峰度（RK）均显著降低（P均<0.05）,而平均弥散系数（MD）及径向弥散系数（RD）均显著增高（P均<0.05）。肌力下降组KPS评分、相对FA（rFA）、相对MK（rMK）、相对AK（rAK）及相对RK（rRK）均明显低于正常组（P均<0.05）,而相对MD（rMD）、相对轴向弥散系数（rAD）及相对RD（rRD）均明显高于正常组（P均<0.05）。各相对CST定量参数预测HGG患者肌力下降的效能均较高（AUC均高于0.850）。结论 肌力下降HGG患者肿瘤周围CST的DKI定量参数改变显著;术前DKI可用于预测患者肌力下降,并间接判断CST损伤。     

DKI联合ALFF在全面特发性癫痫患者基底核-丘脑-皮层环路中的应用

目的 采用弥散峰度成像(DKI)及低频振幅(ALFF)技术观察全面特发性癫痫(IGE)患者白质纤维束以及脑功能异常的脑区。方法 选取符合纳入标准的IGE患者(病例组,n=24)及与之相匹配的健康志愿者(对照组,n=24)。DKI数据分析采用基于纤维束示踪的空间统计(TBSS)方法,将相关参数值与患者病程行相关性分析;ALFF分析采用静息态脑功能数据辅助处理(DPARSF)及SPM方法。结果 病例组右侧内囊前肢、左侧外囊、胼胝体膝部各向异性(FA)值较对照组显著减低(P均<0.05);两组平均弥散(MD)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); DKI分析发现病例组双侧前辐射冠、上辐射冠、内囊前肢、内囊后肢以及胼胝体(膝部、体部)平均峰度(MK)值显著减低(P<0.05)。FA值和MK值与病程的相关性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALFF显著升高区域为双侧额叶、双侧壳核、右侧丘脑以及左侧尾状核;ALFF显著减低区域为右侧颞叶、双侧楔前叶以及双侧枕叶。结论 DKI联合ALFF可为进一步揭示IGE的发病机制提供影像学依据。     

扩散峰度成像在胶质瘤分级和预测细胞增殖中的诊断效能

目的 探讨MR扩散峰度成像（DKI）在胶质瘤分级的价值,及其与Ki-67标记指数的相关性。方法 收集经手术病理证实的脑胶质瘤患者32例,根据病理结果分为高级别胶质瘤组（HGG组,n=18）和低级别胶质瘤组（LGG组,n=14）,术前行常规MR、DWI及DKI扫描,测定肿瘤实质区的平均扩散峰度（MK）、轴向扩散峰度（Ka）、径向扩散峰度（Kr）、平均扩散系数（MD）、部分各向异性（FA）和ADC值,比较高低级别胶质瘤各参数值的差异和诊断效能、肿瘤区各参数与Ki-67标记指数的相关性。结果 高低级别胶质瘤各参数值差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。HGG组的MK、Ka、Kr、FA值高于LGG组,而MD、ADC值低于LGG组。MK在鉴别高低级别胶质瘤的ROC曲线下面积最大（0.82,P<0.01）,特异度最高（90.40%）;ADC值敏感度最高（80.20%）。MK、Ka、Kr、MD和ADC值与Ki-67标记指数均有相关性,MK值与Ki-67标记指数相关性最大（r_s=0.61,P<0.01）。结论 DKI参数对鉴别高低级别胶质瘤有一定的价值,其诊断效能总体高于传统扩散参数。DKI参数值对预测肿瘤细胞增殖有潜在价值。     

对比分析扩散峰度成像和体素内不相干运动成像诊断宫颈鳞癌与腺癌及其分级

目的 对比分析扩散峰度成像（DKI）和体素内不相干运动成像（IVIM）诊断宫颈鳞癌与腺癌及其分级的价值。方法 回顾性分析60例宫颈癌 患者的DKI和IVIM资料,测量宫颈癌组织的平均扩散峰度（MK）、平均扩散系数（MD）、慢速扩散系数（D）、快速扩散系数（D^*）和灌注分数（f）值。分别比较宫颈鳞癌组和腺癌组及不同分级亚组间各参数值的差异,采用ROC曲线评价各参数的诊断效能,以Spearman相关性分析评价各参数与病理分级的相关性。结果 宫颈鳞癌组MK值高于腺癌组,MD、D、D^*和f值低于腺癌组（P均<0.05）。2组MK、MD和D值在不同分级亚组间差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;腺癌组中 f值在不同分级亚组间差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MK值鉴别诊断宫颈鳞癌与腺癌及不同病理分级的AUC最高;除D^*外,其余参数与宫颈鳞癌和腺癌病理分级均存在相关性（P均<0.05）。结论 与IVIM相比,DKI可更有效地诊断宫颈鳞癌与腺癌,并评估其病理分级。     

扩散峰度成像评价阿尔茨海默病患者脑白质微观结构的改变

目的 采用扩散峰度成像(DKI)探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑白质微观结构的改变。方法 对23例AD患者(AD组)和24名健康对照者(HC组)进行常规MR序列及DKI扫描,手动测量额叶、顶叶、枕叶及颞叶皮层下白质、内囊(前、后肢)、外囊、胼胝体(膝、干、压部)的DKI参数,包括扩散峰度(MK)、横向峰度(Ka)、径向峰度(Kr)、平均扩散率(MD)、横向扩散率(Da)、径向扩散率(Dr)及FA值。采用ROC曲线下面积评价各参数值诊断AD的效能。结果 与HC组相比,AD组的顶叶及颞叶皮层下白质、外囊的MK、Ka、Kr值均降低;枕叶皮层下白质的MK、Kr值均降低;内囊前肢、胼胝体膝的MK、Ka值均降低;胼胝体干的MK、Kr值均降低;胼胝体压、内囊后肢的Ka值降低(P均<0.05)。额叶皮层 下白质、内囊前肢、胼胝体干的MD、Da、Dr值均升高;顶叶及颞叶皮层下白质、外囊的MD、 Dr值均升高;胼胝体压部的MD、Da值均升高;内囊后肢、胼胝体膝的MD值均升高;枕叶皮层下白质的Dr值升高(P均<0.05)。额叶、顶叶、枕叶及颞叶皮层下白质、胼胝体干、胼胝体膝、内囊前肢、外囊的FA值减小(P均<0.05)。颞叶皮层下白质Dr值的ROC曲线下面积最大,为0.95。所有部位的MK、Ka、Kr及FA值与MMSE评分均呈正相关;MD、Da及Dr值与MMSE评分呈负相关。结论 DKI参数可反映AD患者脑白质微观结构的改变,颞叶皮层下白质的Dr值是鉴别AD患者与正常人的最佳指标。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.