经阴道三维超声对轻度宫腔粘连的诊断价值

目的：探讨经阴道三维超声（3D-TVS）诊断轻度宫腔粘连的价值。 方法：回顾性分析南京中医药大学附属医院2015.4月~2015.12月收治的45例患者,分别进行腔内二维超声（2D-TVS）及3D-TVS检查,以宫腔镜检查结果作为“金标准”进行对比分析。所有阳性患者均经宫腔镜确诊为轻度宫腔粘连。 结果：45例患者最后经宫腔镜（HS）证实轻度宫腔粘连42例,2D-TVS诊断轻度宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、诊断符合率分别为57.14%、33.33%、92.31%、55.56%;3D-TVS诊断轻度宫腔粘连的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、诊断符合率分别为92.86%、66.67%、97.50%、91.11%。 结论: 3D-TVS在诊断轻度宫腔粘连方面较2D-TVS有明显优势,可为临床早期治疗宫腔粘连提供更可靠信息。     

三维超声检查宫内节育器应用分析

目的探讨经阴道三维超声检查宫内节育器(IUD)的优势及临床意义.方法对要求取出IUD的152例患者,术前分别行经阴道常规灰阶超声及三维超声检查,检测IUD形态、位置及其与宫腔周围的关系,对比分析常规超声及三维超声术前声像图结果并与IUD术后结果相比较.结果152例患者常规超声检查IUD检出率为86.84%,其中20例IUD显示不清;三维超声检查检出率100%.三维成像后确诊IUD变形10例、断裂1例,与取节育器术后结果一致.结论三维超声对IUD的形态及其与宫腔周围的关系判断更准确,有助于制定取IUD手术方案.     

经会阴和经阴道三维肛外超声成像评估女性肛门括约肌的对比研究

通过经会阴和经阴道三维超声对比评估女性肛门括约肌,探讨不同肛外超声成像方式在评估女性肛门括约肌的应用价值。 方法 选取101例女性同时进行经会阴和经阴道三维超声检查对肛门括约肌进行成像,分别记为经会阴组和经阴道组。测量肛门内括约肌（IAS）和肛门外括约肌（EAS）在肛管横断面3、6、9、12点钟方向上的厚度,调节断层超声模式评估肛门括约肌损伤情况,记录结果并进行统计分析。 结果 IAS厚度测量值在肛管横断面12点钟方向上,经阴道组比经会阴组更薄,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;EAS厚度测量值在肛管横断面6点、12点钟方向上,经阴道组比经会阴组更薄,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组IAS及EAS测量值在肛管横断面全部4个方向上有良好的相关性且均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。经会阴组筛查出IAS损伤6例（5.94%）,EAS损伤16例（15.84%）,IAS合并EAS损伤13例（12.87%）;经阴道组筛查出IAS损伤8例（7.92%）,EAS损伤17例（16.83%）,IAS合并EAS损伤9例（8.91%）。两组在评估肛门括约肌损伤的一致性较好且具有统计学意义（Kappa=0.736,P<0.05） 结论 经会阴和经阴道三维超声在评估女性肛门括约肌具有较好的相关性和一致性,两者均为评估女性肛门括约肌良好的肛外超声成像方式。     

应用经阴道三维超声检查宫内节育器分析

目的探讨经阴道三维超声检查宫内节育器的临床应用价值。方法应用阴道三维超声检查宫内节育器152例,首先使用二维超声进行矢状切面及冠状切面的检查,然后开启三维功能进行子宫及宫内节育器观察范围的三维超声表面模式和透明模式取样。结果152例宫内节育器三维图像透明模式取样完整显示率100%(152/152),表面模式取样完整显示率96.05%(146/152),二维超声完整显示率42.76%(65/152)。结论三维超声透明模式和表面模式合并使用探测宫内节育器有助于宫内节育器异常的明确诊断。     

经阴道三维超声对不孕不育患者宫腔病变的诊断价值

目的探讨三维超声在不孕不育患者宫腔病变中的诊断价值。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心的不孕不育患者行经阴道三维超声检查，将428例诊断为不同类型宫腔病变患者的三维超声结果与宫腔镜或病理组织学结果进行比较分析，以宫腔镜或病理组织学结果为"金标准"，采用四格表计算三维超声诊断各类宫腔病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性。 结果三维超声诊断宫腔病变患者428例，其中包括宫腔粘连235例（54.9%），子宫内膜息肉153例（35.7%），子宫黏膜下肌瘤40例（9.4%）。将428例患者的三维超声结果与宫腔镜或病理组织学结果相比较，诊断结果一致为404例（94.4%），误诊24例（5.6%），其中，宫腔粘连误诊14例，子宫内膜息肉误诊7例，子宫黏膜下肌瘤误诊3例。三维超声与宫腔镜或病理组织学结果相比，其诊断各种类型宫腔病变的准确性分别为：宫腔粘连96.73%，子宫内膜息肉96.96%，子宫黏膜下肌瘤98.83%。 结论三维超声对各种宫腔病变有较高的诊断准确性，可作为不孕不育患者排除宫腔病变的首选检查方法。     

Imaging of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are reemerging as common methods of birth control in the United States. Imaging, especially sonography, has an important role in their evaluation. This review illustrates the normal and abnormal imaging appearances of IUDs. METHODS: We describe and illustrate the appearance of different types of IUDs on different imaging modalities as well as radiologically relevant complications associated with IUDs. RESULTS: On sonography, the IUD should be visualized as centrally located within the endometrial cavity, with the crossbar (if present) in the fundal portion of the endometrial cavity. Some older patients have IUDs in place that are no longer commonly used, such as the Lippes Loop (Ortho Pharmaceutical, Raritan, NJ) and Saf-T-Coil (Julius Schmid Laboratories, Little Falls, NJ), which have a pathognomonic appearance. Newer IUDs, such as the early version of the Mirena IUD (Leiras Oy, Turku, Finland), may be difficult to visualize on sonography. Patients from China frequently have a ring-shaped IUD. Sonography is important in assessing the complications of IUDs, including a low position, associated infection, myometrial migration, uterine perforation, intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancy associated with the IUD, and retention and fragmentation of the IUD. If an IUD is known to be present but not visualized sonographically, plain radiography is helpful in assessing the location. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are not typically used to assess IUDs, but the appearances of IUDs should be recognized with these modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging, specifically sonography, has a crucial role in the evaluation and management of IUDs and associated complications.     

三维超声自由解剖成像联合断层超声成像对宫腔粘连的诊断价值

目的 探讨三维超声自由解剖成像（OmniView）联合断层超声成像（TUI）对宫腔粘连（IUA）的诊断价值。方法 选取我院收治的112例疑似IUA患者,均行OmniView和TUI检查,比较OmniView、TUI单独及联合应用诊断IUA情况,并与宫腔镜检查结果进行一致性分析;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析OmniView、TUI单独及联合应用对IUA的诊断效能。结果 112例患者中,宫腔镜检出IUA 98例,其中中央型62例,周围型11例,混合型25例;非IUA 14例。OmniView检出IUA 93例,其中中央型59例,周围型10例,混合型24例;非IUA患者19例。TUI检出IUA 88例,其中中央型58例,周围型7例,混合型23例;非IUA患者24例。OmniView及TUI检出IUA与宫腔镜检查结果的一致性均一般（Kappa=0.681、0.625,均P<0.001）,联合应用与宫腔镜检查结果的一致性较好（Kappa=0.813,P<0.001）。ROC曲线分析显示,OmniView联合TUI诊断IUA的曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为0.939、...     

对比经阴道三维超声自由解剖(OmniView)成像与三维渲染(Render)成像诊断宫腔粘连

目的 对比经阴道三维超声自由解剖(OmniView)成像与传统三维渲染(Render)成像模式诊断宫腔粘连(IUA)及分型的价值.方法 对146例临床疑诊IUA患者行经阴道超声,分别以OmniView及Render模式进行宫腔成像;以宫腔镜检查结果为金标准,比较2种技术诊断IUA及分型的效能.结果 经宫腔镜确诊128例...     

Survey of current practice in clinical transvaginal ultrasound scanning in the UK

During transvaginal ultrasound scanning, the fetus and other sensitive tissues are placed close to the transducer. Heating of these tissues occurs by direct conduction from the transducer and by absorption of ultrasound in the tissue. The extent of any heating will depend on the equipment and settings used, the duration of the scan, imaging modes and other aspects of scanning practice. To ensure that scans are performed with minimum risk, staff should have an appropriate knowledge of safety and follow guidelines issued by professional bodies.An online survey aiming to document current practice in transvaginal ultrasound in the UK was created and distributed to individuals performing this type of scanning. The survey posed questions about the respondents, the departments where scans were performed, the equipment used, knowledge of ultrasound safety, scanning practice and the frequency, duration and mode of transvaginal ultrasound scans for gynaecology, obstetrics and fertility applications. In all, 294 responses were obtained, mostly from sonographers (94%). From the analysis of the responses, it was clear that there was a good understanding of the general meaning of thermal and mechanical index and high awareness of guidelines issued by professional bodies. However, 40% of respondents stated that they rarely or never monitor Thermal or Mechanical indices during scanning. Scanning practice was consistent in terms of the duration of scans, scan protocols followed and use of imaging modes. The results highlight the importance of continued ultrasound safety training and promotion of safety guidelines to users.     

经阴道超声检查对妇科疾病的诊断价值

目的评价经阴道超声检查法（TVS）对妇科疾病的诊断价值。方法对146例妇科疾病患者做经阴道超声检查，并与经腹超声（TAS）检查做对比分析，总结两者检查方法的阳性率及优缺点。结果子宫肌瘤67例，绝经后子宫内膜出血28例，子宫内膜厚度11例，附件包块36例，官腔内团状稍强回声15例。结论经阴道超声检查法对盆腔脏器中小病变能获得更多细微结构的诊断信息，其阳性检出率大于经腹超声检查法阳性检出率。     

Sonographically guided insertion of intrauterine device: Indications and results

From 2011 to 2015, a total of 67 patients were referred for IUD insertion guided with transabdominal sonography (TAS). Fifty‐six of the 67 patients had successful IUD insertion under TAS guidance. The clinical indications for referral included fibroids, uterine position, previous history of IUD expulsion, and limited tolerance of pelvic examination. Reasons for failed TAS‐guided IUD insertion included patient discomfort, cervical stenosis, and inability to remove and replace an existing device. Ultrasound guidance could help broaden the patient population that may benefit from the therapeutic value of an IUD.     

Accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in uterus volume measurements; comparison with two-dimensional ultrasound

The purpose of this study was to document the accuracy of 3-D uterus volume and to compare it with 2-D measurements. Transvaginal ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in 48 consecutive patients before hysterectomy. The examinations were stored digitally on an internal disk drive for subsequent measurements in virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) program. Immediately after the hysterectomy, the true volume was measured in a water bath. A total of 5 patients were excluded due to difficulty of identifying the borders of their uterus; 8 patients were excluded because of too large fibroids or diffuse hypertrophic enlargement of uterus (volume> 220 mL). Although the volumes estimated by the 3-D method were not significantly different (p = 0.126 first measurement, p = 0.561 second measurement), the volumes estimated by the 2-D method were significantly different (p = 0.005 first measurement, p = 0.012 second measurement). The mean error rates of the two 3-D volume measurements by the same observer were 7.4% and 7.9%, and they were 22.2% and 21.0% for the 2-D volume measurements. It may be concluded that the volume of the uterus can be measured more accurately by 3-D US than by 2-D US. (E-mail: cemil.yaman@akh.linz.at)     

经阴道三维超声诊断宫内节育器变形及异位

目的 探讨经阴道三维超声成像技术在诊断宫内节育器(IUD)变形与异位中的应用价值.方法 对32例二维超声检查怀疑IUD异常的患者行经阴道三维超声成像检查,通过对子宫腔与IUD的三维超声图像分析,明确IUD的形状与位置.将三维超声成像诊断结果 与官腔镜、腹腔镜或剖腹探查术结果 进行对照.结果 31例患者(96.9%)获取满意的三维超声声像图,可清晰显示IUD的形状、位置及其与子宫腔的关系.29例行宫腔镜、腹腔镜或剖腹取器手术,均一次取器成功,术中所见与三维超声诊断结果 一致.结论 经阴道三维超声成像技术在诊断IUD变形和异位中具有很高的应用价值.     

经阴道三维容积超声成像在纵隔子宫诊断中的价值

目的探讨经阴道二维及三维容积超声成像对单纯性和非单纯性纵隔子宫诊断的价值。方法对32例经宫腔镜与腹腔镜联合检查(31例)或全子宫切除术(5例)后确诊的单纯性和非单纯性纵隔子宫患者﹙合并子宫肿瘤和宫内早孕,宫内有节育器)的经阴道二维及三维容积超声图像进行分析比较。结果宫腔镜与腹腔镜联合检查及全子宫切除术后病理诊断证实的32例纵隔子宫患者中,术前超声检出单纯性纵隔子宫21例(不全纵隔子宫17例,完全纵隔子宫4例);非单纯性纵隔子宫11例(完全纵隔子宫1例,不全纵隔子宫10例;7例合并子宫肌瘤,1例宫内早孕,4例放置宫内节育器)。其中经阴道二维超声诊断单纯性纵隔子宫15例(15/21),非单纯性纵膈子宫4例(4/11);经阴道三维容积超声诊断单纯性纵膈子宫21例(21/21),非单纯性纵隔子宫10例(10/11)。结论经阴道二维超声不能显示子宫外部轮廓,而经阴道三维容积超声冠状面可清晰显示其轮廓,并可显示膈膜的长度和宫底部隔膜中心点的角度;对正确诊断纵隔子宫及显示异常子宫形态方面均优于经阴道二维超声,可作为纵隔子宫诊断首选的检查方法。     

高频超声与阴道超声诊断早期妊娠的对比研究

目的探讨高频超声在早期妊娠中的诊断价值。方法先经腹常规超声探查早孕情况,选择妊娠囊距皮下深度<70 mm的孕妇,分别用高频超声经腹检查和腔内超声经阴道检查,对比研究两者显示妊娠囊、卵黄囊及胚胎情况。结果 108例孕妇中,高频超声与阴道超声显示妊娠囊(GS)、卵黄囊(YS)及胚胎分别为:94例(87.04%)和97例(89.81%),82例(75.93%)和85例(78.70%),58例(53.70%)和58例(53.70%)。两种方法观察的3项指标,差异无统计学意义(P>0.1)。结论对于腹部不厚的孕妇,高频超声与阴道超声均可有效检查早期妊娠。     

B超在绝经期妇女IUD取出术中的临床应用

目的 探讨B超在绝经期妇女宫内节育器(IUD)取出术中的临床应用价值.方法 2006年 7月至2010年 1月对门诊 113例绝经期取环妇女常规取环困难的病例均采用B超监测下取环.必要时行腹腔镜监测.结果 113例患者中,B超下成功取出IUD共110例,无一例发生子宫穿孔及子宫大出血等并发症,取环均一次成功,成功率97.3%.结论 B超应用于绝经期妇女IUD取出是一种安全有效的方法,并可提高取器的成功率.     

经阴道三维超声成像在宫腔粘连中的诊断价值

目的 探讨经阴道三维超声成像在宫腔粘连中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析85例疑为宫腔粘连患者的临床资料,以宫腔镜检查和病理检查为标准,比较经阴道二维超声和三维超声成像对宫腔粘连的检出率,分析患者声像图资料与宫腔粘连程度的关系.结果 二维超声对宫腔粘连患者的诊断准确率和阳性预测值分别为77.50%和78.08%;三维超声对宫腔粘连患者的诊断准确率和阳性预测值分别为94.11%和94.87%,二者比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.05）.三维彩超对中、重度宫腔粘连的检出率为100%.结论 经阴道三维超声成像能简便、有效、无创地诊断宫腔粘连,具有较好的临床应用价值     

三维超声诊断乳腺肿瘤的一些特征及价值评估

目的探讨三维超声诊断乳腺疾病中在冠状面上的某些新发现,并通过对比二维超声评价三维超声诊断乳腺疾病的价值。方法通过实时三维超声检查,对171例乳腺肿块进行良恶性鉴别诊断,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果对实时三维超声的冠状切面的乳腺癌二维图上,新发现的图像特征为"太阳征"实时三维超声对乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别诊断的准确度83.4%、敏感度83.3%和特异度83.9%。结论三维超声通过结合"太阳征",为诊断乳腺良恶性肿块提供了一个有价值的新方法     

Prenatal assessment of normal fetal humerus volume by three-dimensional ultrasound

Because fetal humerus dysplasia is associated with a variety of congenital syndromes, prenatal assessment of the fetal humerus growth is very important. The fetal humerus volume is one of the indexes in evaluating the humerus growth, but it has never been studied by 3-D ultrasound (US) in utero. To establish a normal reference chart of the fetal humerus volume for clinical use, we undertook a prospective and cross-sectional study using 3-D US to assess the fetal humerus volume in normal pregnancy. A total of 216 singleton fetuses that ranged between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation and fit the criteria of normal pregnancies were included in this study. Our results showed that the fetal humerus volume is highly correlated with the gestational age (GA). Using GA as the independent variable and the humerus volume as the dependent variable, the best-fit regression equation was humerus volume (mL) = 0.0044GA² − 0.0841GA + 0.6874 (r = 0.97, n = 216, p < 0.0001). For clinical use, a chart of normal growth centiles of the fetal humerus volume was then established based on this equation. In addition, the common indexes of fetal biometry, such as biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight, were all highly correlated with the humerus volume (all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our data of the fetal humerus volume assessed by 3-D US can serve as a useful reference in evaluating the fetal humerus growth during normal gestation. (E-mail: fchang@mail.ncku.edu.tw)