多排螺旋CT鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎和胆囊癌

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT(MDCT)鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎和胆囊癌的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)和20例胆囊癌(GBC)的资料,所有患者术前均接受MDCT检查,并分析两种病变的CT征象。结果 胆囊壁的增厚方式、黏膜线情况、是否有壁内低密度结节和胆道梗阻在XGC和GBC患者间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。XGC与GBC患者发生邻近肝脏及周围组织改变的病例数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但邻近组织改变的形式不同。结论 MDCT扫描可为鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎和胆囊癌提供客观依据。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎超声造影影像学特征分析

目的:探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, XGC)的超声造影声像图特征。方法:收集2015年1月至2019年12月于复旦大学附属中山医院术后病理证实为XGC的24例患者术前的临床资料及超声声像图,分析其常规超声以及超声造影的声像图特征,并在造影前后分别给出超声诊断。结果:常规超声示胆囊轮廓清晰17例(70.8%),模糊7例(29.2%),仅2例(8.3%)胆囊黏膜线连续性佳,17例(70.8%)病灶内可测及彩色血流。超声造影后所有病例(100.0%)均可见增强,同时可见清晰的胆囊轮廓,黏膜线连续性佳者18例(75.0%)。超声造影与常规超声相比,在胆囊黏膜线的显示、胆囊轮廓的显示以及增厚胆囊壁血流检出率,差异均有统计学意义(P0.001,P=0.009,P=0.009)。结论:超声造影可为XGC的超声诊断提供更多的信息,相比于常规超声其诊断效能更高。     

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a radiological study of 12 cases and a review of the literature

Background: Twelve cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) are presented, and their radiologic appearance is described. Methods: Four men and eight women, aged 31–82 years old, with XGC were reviewed. Abdominal ultrasound (US) was performed in all patients. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in five patients, barium enema examination in two, and percutaneously CT-guided fine-needle aspirative biopsy of the gallbladder in one. Results: Barium enema examination showed an indentation of the hepatic flexure. Cholelithiasis was present in all patients, and sludge was present in six. The gallbladder wall was thickened in all patients, irregular in nine, and could not be properly differentiated from surrounding liver parenchyma or from other adjacent structures in most patients. A curvilinear halo, hypoechoic on US and with low attenuation on CT, within the gallbladder wall was found in three patients and pericholecystic fluid in two others. On CT, the pericholecystic fat had streaky soft tissue densities in three cases. Percutaneously CT-guided fine-needle aspirative biopsy of the gallbladder was nondiagnostic. The diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma was considered preoperatively in three patients. Conclusion: Despite the characteristic histologic appearance of XCG, radiologic findings are nonspecific, varying from signs observed in other forms of cholecystitis to the appearance of a gallbladder neoplasm. Received: 5 April 1995/Accepted: 15 May 1995     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎12例临床病理分析

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的临床病理特点。方法 对481例胆囊切除标本中病理确诊的12例XGC进行回顾性分析。结果 12例XGC临床表现与一般的慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。大体观察示胆囊壁明显不规则增厚，多数病例切面可见淡黄或黄褐色大小不等的结节或斑点，有的呈息肉样突起，镜下观察胆囊壁的正常结构受到不同程度的破坏，代之以特征性肉芽肿性结构。由大量泡沫样组织细胞，急慢性炎症细胞，纤维母细胞，异物巨细胞和Touton巨细胞等组成。结论 XGC的临床表现难与一般的慢性胆囊炎，胆石症或胆囊癌鉴别，但多有慢性胆囊炎急性发作表现，确诊需依赖病理检查。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的影像学表现

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的影像学表现及其病理基础。方法分析经病理证实的16例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT、MR表现。观察胆囊壁厚度、胆囊壁强化情况、胆囊壁内结节、胆囊内黏膜线、胆囊内有无结石以及胆囊周围的变化。结果16例患者中胆囊增大12例、缩小4例,所有患者均见不同程度的胆囊壁增厚及胆囊壁内结节,6例胆囊内显示黏膜线。11例患者胆囊内有结石。胆囊周围炎性浸润8例,其中2例炎症侵及肝脏。结论胆囊壁增厚、增厚胆囊壁内结节及胆囊内黏膜线是诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的特征性表现。     

Endoscopic sonography in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is an unusual inflammatory disease of the gallbladder that may simulate gallbladder cancer. We report the findings with conventional sonography, endoscopic sonography (EUS), and CT in 3 cases of XGC. EUS could visualize hyperechoic nodules in the gallbladder wall, probably representing xanthogranulomas, but loss of the multilayered structure of the gallbladder wall and infiltration into adjacent organs make differentiating XGC from gallbladder cancer difficult with EUS alone.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的MRI表现特点

目的：探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC）的MRI影像表现特点。方法：回顾性分析15例经病理证实为XGC的患者的术前MRI影像。观察胆囊本身改变（壁增厚的方式和程度、信号特点、黏膜线是否完整、强化程度及是否有结石）、胆囊周围脂肪及肝实质的改变。结果：15例患者均出现胆囊壁增厚,范围为0.8~2.6cm,其中13例为弥漫性增厚,2例为局灶性增厚。13例弥漫性增厚的病例中均匀性增厚2例,不均匀增厚11例。10例患者出现胆囊壁内结节,大小为0.2~0.7cm,表现为较长T1、长T2信号,增强扫描未见确切强化。15例患者均表现为黏膜线显著强化,其中黏膜线完整11例,中断4例。合并胆囊结石15例。所有病例均出现肝实质动脉期一过性强化,邻近肝实质出现肝脓肿7例,与十二指肠粘连6例。结论：胆囊壁不均匀增厚、壁内出现结节、黏膜线完整并明显强化、邻近肝实质动脉期一过性强化是XGC较常见的影像表现,并符合其病理特点。     

慢性黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎临床及病理分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的临床、超声和病理特征,以提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析46例确诊病例的临床资料。结果黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎临床表现与普通慢性胆囊炎相似。胆囊壁不同程度增厚破坏,内壁可见黄色或者棕色斑块。镜下为纤维母细胞,泡沫样组织细胞,急慢性炎细胞组成的肉芽肿改变。结论临床上较难区分黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎和胆囊癌,确诊必须依靠病理检查。     

胆囊癌的CT与B超诊断价值

目的探讨和比较CT、B超对胆囊癌的诊断价值。方法回顾分析42例经手术病理证实的胆囊癌CT、B超影像和临床资料,就其CT和B超的影像表现、强化方式、周围组织结构的关系、有无转移等进行对比分析。结果42例胆囊癌中CT诊断胆囊癌31例(占74%),B超26例(占62%)。结论CT对胆囊癌的诊断优于B超,并可对肿瘤对周围结构侵犯评估及病变的治疗方案的制定有重要价值。超声因无损伤、可反复、不同体位的检查等优点可作为胆囊病变的筛查方法。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎CT和病理特征

【目的】探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的CT和病理特征。【方法】回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例XGC患者的CT影像学和病理学资料。【结果】13例XGC均表现为胆囊壁不同程度增厚,增强扫描增厚的胆囊壁轻一中度强化,n例增厚的胆囊壁内见条片状、结节状低密度影,增强扫描低密度影均无明显强化;7例囊内壁光整,黏膜线连续;6例黏膜面毛糙,不完整;13例胆囊内见均见结石,4例累及肝脏,5例与周围肠管粘连、分界不清;13例病理特点均表现为胆囊壁特征性的黄色肉芽肿结构,主要为泡沫样组织细胞,大量纤维组织增生,伴有淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,6例黏膜糜烂、渍疡形成。【结论】XGC的CT表现及病理具有一定的特征性,CT检查有助于XGC的诊断。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT表现

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的CT表现特点,提高对XGC的诊断水平.方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的29例XGC的CT检查资料.结果术前诊断为胆囊癌15例,慢性结石性胆囊炎14例.29例均有不同程度的胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性胆囊壁增厚8例,弥漫性胆囊壁增厚21例;增厚的胆囊壁内见单发或多发低密度结节15例;伴发胆囊结石26例;肝-胆界面较清楚者24例,肝-胆界面不清者5例;增强后增厚的胆囊壁在动脉期仅有轻度强化,门脉期至延迟期强化逐渐明显,胆囊壁内低密度结节影强化不明显,增强后显示密度较高的黏膜线9例.结论增强后增厚的胆囊壁延迟强化,增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节,胆囊轮廓及黏膜线的存在对本病诊断有意义.     

HLA antigens in cancer of the gallbladder

Thirty one patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and 32 healthy controls were typed using antisera against 12 HLA-A, 31 HLA-B, 7 HLA-C and 13 HLA-DR antigens. The DR4 frequency of 61.3% (19/31) in GBC was significantly different from that of 28.1% (9/32) in the control (p = 0.00794 by Fisher's exact test). The relative risk and the etiologic fraction were 4.0 and 0.46, respectively.     

Gallbladder metastasis: spectrum of imaging findings

The objective of this study is to report the diagnostic features of hematogenous gallbladder metastasis using various imaging modalities. We carried out a single-center retrospective analysis of 13 patients with gallbladder metastasis. The primary malignancy was cutaneous melanoma (11 cases), hepatocellular carcinoma (1 case), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 case). All patients underwent sonography (US), with color-power-Doppler assessment in 11 cases. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) was performed in 8 patients, MDCT in 8, and MR imaging in 1. Four subjects studied by whole-body PET. The gallbladder lesions were first detected with US in 9 cases and with MDCT in 3 cases. The remaining patient was investigated because of hepatic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at PET; CEUS failed to detect any liver metastasis in this subject but identified a gallbladder lesion. Typical findings included multiplicity of gallbladder vegetations, broad base, limited mural thickening, presence of contrast enhancement, absence of gallstones and gallbladder bed infiltration, presence of combined lesions within other organs. Only two patients presented an isolated location in the gallbladder and were successfully treated with surgery. Gallbladder metastasis is a rare but possible occurrence. Knowledge of the typical imaging features and careful evaluation of the gallbladder may avoid an incorrect or false negative diagnosis.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的MRI特征

目的：探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的MRI特征。材料与方法搜集8例经病理证实为XGC的患者的术前MRI影像,观察胆囊改变（壁增厚和强化的方式、胆囊壁内结节、黏膜线是否完整完整性和是否有结石）、胆囊周围组织改变。结果8例患者均出现胆囊壁增厚,其中6例为弥漫性增厚、2例局部增厚。8例患者可见胆囊壁内结节灶,表现为较长T1、长T2信号。8例患者胆囊黏膜线均明显强化,6例胆囊黏膜线完整,2例中断。合并胆囊结石8例。所有的病例均出现肝实质动脉期一过性强化。结论胆囊壁增厚、胆囊壁内结节、黏膜线连续、邻近的肝实质动脉期一过性强化为XGC的常见影像征象。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的超声诊断质量分析及预防误诊措施

目的分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的超声报告质量和误诊原因，探讨提高XGC超声诊断准确性的措施。 方法选取2015年1月至2020年3月北京协和医院病理诊断为XGC的患者，共51例，男性27例，女性24例，平均年龄（53.6±21.5）岁。分析其术前超声报告的描述分级、诊断分级及检查医师年资等资料。采用χ²检验比较不同年资检查医师超声描述分级和诊断分级的组间差异。 结果47例（92.2%）报告"描述完整"，4例（7.8%）"描述不完整"。40例（78.4%）超声诊断分级为"符合"，11例（21.6%）超声诊断结果"不符合"，其中9例（17.6%）误诊为胆囊恶性病变，2例（3.9%）误诊为胆囊腺肌症。51例超声检查医师包括初级职称28人，中级职称6人，高级职称17人。不同年资医师的超声描述分级和诊断分级比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。 结论术前超声诊断XGC比较困难，超声医师应熟悉声像图特征，必要时可通过会诊及超声造影、弹性成像等技术手段提高超声诊断质量。     

18例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的临床分析

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的临床诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析经病理确诊的18例XGC患者的临床资料.结果 术前B超检查18例,CT检查3例,MRI检查1例,ERCP检查l例,术中快速冷冻病理确诊9例.10例行胆囊切除术,1例行胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术,1例因伴慢性胰腺炎行胆囊切除加胰头囊肿十二指肠引流术,6例行LC术,其中4例中转开腹.均治愈,无死亡病例.结论 XGC是一种少见的特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎,术前诊断困难,且极易误诊为胆囊癌,确诊依赖病理检查.开腹胆囊切除是基本手术方式.     

Heterogeneity of low-density lipoproteins in cholesterolosis of the gallbladder and cholelithiasis

The heterogeneity of serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied in patients with cholelithiasis (CL) and gallbladder cholesterolosis (GBC). Native gradient (3-12%) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used, followed by densitometric scanning and analysis; a correlation analysis of the levels of cholesterol levels, the body-mass index (BMI), and age was made. Various heterogeneity of LDL was revealed in CL and GBC. In the group of patients with GBC, the subfraction spectrum of LDL was characterized by a predominance of minor dense particles of LDL (Rf = 0.171 +/- 0.003), which significantly differed from that in the patients with CL (Rf = 0.146 +/- 0.004) and the controls (Rf = 0.144 +/- 0.013, p < 0.05). The increased levels of total cholesterol were associated with the changes in the subfraction spectrum of LDL with a moderate correlation (r = 0.596 and r = 0.343, respectively). However, a correlation was found between the variability of LDL, BMI, and age (r = 0.533 and r = 0.363, respectively) whereas in GBC it was absent (r = 0.148 and r = 0.117). The findings suggest that the minor dense subfractions of LDL are a risk factor for GBC irrespective of age and body mass. The modified minor particles of LDL more rapidly penetrate than other LDL fractions into the gallbladder tissue, where the gallbladder wall is intensively captured by macrophages, and participate in the formation of foamy cells. In CL, the increase in total cholesterol levels is not followed by so marked changes in the structure of LDL. The much lower proportion of minor dense particles that are components of LDL is a cause of the low entry of apolipoproteins into the gallbladder wall in CL as compared with GBC.     

Gallbladder compression sign: An indicator of small isoechoic hepatic tumors

A small isoechoic liver mass is difficult to detect with ultrasound. Gallbladder compression indicates the presence of the lesion. To assess the clinical significance of the gallbladder compression (GBC) sign, we report on 9 cases of small isoechoic hepatic masses (less than 3 cm in diameter) detected by the GBC sign. The final diagnoses of these small hepatic masses was 3 hepatomas, 2 hemangiomas, 2 nodular regenerations, 1 liver abscess, and 1 normal liver lobule. The gallbladder compression sign was not seen in 4992 normal volunteers. In conclusion, the GBC sign is an useful guide for the detection of a small isoechoic mass in the liver, but the nature of the mass cannot be determined. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(附16例分析)

目的： 本文回顾性分析１６ 例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎 （ＸＧＣ） 的临床表现、超声特点及手术和病理结果。方法： １６ 例ＸＧＣ （男６ 例, 女１０ 例, 年龄 ４３～７８ 岁） 术前均经超声检查。结果： １６ 例ＸＧＣ 均合并胆囊结石, 胆囊壁均见增厚 ４ｍ ｍ ～１５ｍ ｍ , 其中１ 例合并肝浸润以致胆囊壁与肝实质无法分界。结论： ＸＧＣ 是一种良性慢性胆囊炎, 可能发展成胆囊癌, 尽管在组织学上具有特征, 但是在超声上无明显特异性。     

胰胆管合流异常与胆囊癌关系的Meta分析

目的综合评价胰胆管合流异常(PBM)与胆囊癌发生的关系,为胆囊癌的预防提供更多、更准确的信息。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊网(CNKI)、PubMed、EMBASE、万方等数据库,检索时间从1977年4月-2011年5月,并结合文献追溯的方法,收集国内外公开发表的关于PBM与胆囊癌关系的病例对照研究或队列研究,采用RevMan 5.0.25软件进行Meta分析。结果总计纳入文献8篇,其中3篇仅对比分析了PBM在胆囊癌患者与正常对照组中发生率的差异,2篇仅对比分析了胆囊癌在PBM患者与正常对照组中发生率的差异,而另外3篇文献则对这两种发生率的差异都进行了对比。Meta分析结果显示:胆囊癌患者中PBM的发生率明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义[OR=7.41,95%CI(5.03,10.87),P<0.000 01];且PBM患者中胆囊癌的发生率明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义[OR=17.67,95%CI(10.43,29.94),P<0.000 01]。结论 PBM是胆囊癌发生的高危因素,与胆囊癌的发生密切相关。