Urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery: Results from a randomized trial comparing mesorectal excision with and without lateral lymph node dissection for clinical stage II or III lower rectal cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study,JCOG0212)

Background

Postoperative urinary dysfunction is a major complication of rectal cancer surgery. A randomized controlled trial (JCOG0212) concluded that the noninferiority of mesorectal excision alone to mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection was not confirmed in terms of relapse-free survival.

局部治疗在直肠癌盆腔侧方淋巴结转移中的作用北大核心CSCD

盆腔侧方淋巴结(LPLN)转移是直肠癌预后不佳因素, 在低位、T3-T4期、直肠系膜淋巴结阳性情况下更常见, 但无准确预测转移的因素。高分辨率MRI是目前诊断LPLN转移的首选手段, 但阈值选择仍不明确。局部进展期直肠癌的侧方淋巴结转移治疗模式在全球存在分歧, 欧美国家主张放化疗联合直肠全系膜切除术, 而日本推荐直肠全系膜切除术联合LPLN清扫。放疗与手术联合可取得很好的局控, 利用放疗前、后MRI的侧方淋巴结信息, 可筛选出高危患者进行强化治疗, 如放化疗后行LPLN清扫或LPLN区放疗推量。目前各种手段在治疗LPLN转移方面的作用仍缺乏高质量证据, 尚需更多的研究来改善治疗策略。     

Oncologic impact of lateral lymph node metastasis at the distal lateral compartment in locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy

IntroductionThe frequency and oncologic outcomes of lateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis at the most distal lateral compartment (DLC) among clinical stage II-III low rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (nCRT) are poorly understood. The aim was to investigate the oncologic impact of LLN metastasis in the DLC versus the proximal lateral compartment (PLC).Materials and methodsConsecutive patients with low rectal cancer treated with nCRT followed by total mesorectal excision and selective LLN dissection including the DLC were analyzed retrospectively. DLC was defined as the area distal to the infra–piriformis foramen on axial MRI images. Size and location of LLN metastasis on MRI, and survival were retrospectively assessed.ResultsOf the 718 patients, 72 (10.0%) had pathological LLN metastasis. Thirty-two (44.4%) had metastasis in the DLC (DLC group), while 40 (55.6%) had metastasis in the PLC without metastasis in the DLC (PLC group). The proportion of ypN2 category tended to be lower in the DLC group (15.6% vs 35.0%, P = 0.105). The median number of metastatic LLN was similar (1 vs. 1, P = 0.691). The median short-axis size of metastatic LLN was smaller in the DLC group than in the PLC group on pre-treatment (P < 0.001) and re-staging (P = 0.004) MRI. By multivariable analysis, LLN metastasis in the DLC was predictive of better disease-free survival (HR, 0.412; 95% CI, 0.159–0.958, P = 0.039).ConclusionLLN metastasis in the DLC is frequent and has favorable oncologic outcomes after surgical dissection with nCRT.     

子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:选取162例子宫内膜癌患者,分析临床病理资料,探讨盆腹腔淋巴结转移的相关因素。结果:162例子宫内膜癌患者中,9例发生盆腔淋巴结转移,7例发生腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移。非内膜样腺癌、FIGO Ⅲ 期、脉管浸润、治疗前CA125高于正常水平的患者盆腔淋巴结转移率高,差异有统计学意义;FIGO Ⅲ 期、脉管浸润、肿瘤直径>2 cm、治疗前CA125水平高于正常及盆腔淋巴结阳性的患者腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率高,差异有统计学意义。多因素COX回归分析:FIGO分期、病理类型、脉管浸润为淋巴结转移的高危因素。结论:非子宫内膜样腺癌、FIGO分期、脉管浸润、治疗前CA125高水平与子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移存在相关性,FIGO分期、脉管浸润、肿瘤直径、治疗前CA125水平、盆腔淋巴结与子宫内膜癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移存在相关性。     

早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移诊治的研究进展

宫颈癌的主要转移途径是直接蔓延和淋巴结转移,淋巴结是否转移对宫颈癌治疗方案选择有直接的影响。本文主要对盆腔淋巴结转移特点、影响盆腔淋巴结转移的相关因素、术前评估盆腔淋巴结转移的方法及早期宫颈癌的治疗方法进行综述,为早期宫颈癌患者治疗方案的选择提供依据。     

宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的临床特征,探究影响宫颈癌患者盆腔淋巴结转移的危险因素,为改善患者预后和提高生活质量提供一定的科学依据.方法 收集300例宫颈癌患者的一般人口学特征和临床分期、分化程度、肿瘤直径、组织学类型、肿瘤浸润深度、脉管癌栓情况、肿瘤宫旁浸润情况及患者术前化疗情况等资料.采用Logistic进行影响因素分析.结果 300例宫颈癌患者,35例发生淋巴结转移,占11.7％.临床分期为Ⅱ期的患者发生盆腔淋巴结转移的风险是Ⅰ期的3.283倍;肿瘤直径≥4 cm的患者发生淋巴结转移的风险是﹤4 cm的2.332倍;浸润深度≥1/2的患者发生淋巴结转移的风险是﹤1/2的1.823倍;脉管癌栓阳性的患者发生淋巴结转移的风险是阴性患者的1.739倍;宫旁浸润阳性的患者发生淋巴结转移的风险是阴性患者的1.672倍.结论肿瘤直径、临床分期、肿瘤浸润深度、宫旁浸润和脉管癌栓与宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移有关.     

Patterns of lateral pelvic lymph node metastases and micrometastases for patients with lower rectal cancer.

AIMS: We aimed at investigating the patterns of lymph node metastases and micrometastases in regions of lateral pelvic area, examining circumferential margin involvement and clarifying their prognostic significance. METHODS: Large tissue slice and tissue array were adopted in the study of 67 patients with AJCC stages I-III lower rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision with systematic lateral pelvic dissection. The outcomes were followed. RESULTS: Altogether, 726 lateral lymph nodes were examined, with 32 and 38 were involved by tumor metastases and micrometastases, respectively. Fifty-eight (82.9%) of the involved lymph nodes were smaller than 5mm. Status of lateral nodes was related to that of mesorectal ones. Middle rectal root (45.5%), internal iliac (31.8%) and obturator (22.7%) regions were more likely to be involved by metastases. Patients with lateral metastases, similar to the group with micrometastases, suffered more recurrence and poorer survival when compared with the ones without metastases. The occurrence of circumferential margin involvement suggested poor prognosis and was related to lateral node status. CONCLUSIONS: In lateral pelvic area, the majority of lymph nodes harboring tumor were small and could easily be neglected by conventional examination. Incidence of lateral metastases differed among regions, thus more attention should be given to the clearance of the highly occurred areas. More extensive range of dissection and/or adjuvant therapy was recommended for patients with lateral node metastases, micrometastases and circumferential margin involvement, since they predisposed poor prognosis.     

Risk factors for right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveProphylactic dissection of the right paraesophageal lymph node (RPELN) in thyroid cancer is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to provide evidence for RPELN dissection in thyroid cancer.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) databases for relevant studies published up to January 31, 2019. The patients involved all had a pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and had undergone total thyroidectomy or right lobectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection. The RPELNs had been kept aside during the operation.ResultsFourteen cohort studies involving 11,090 patients with PTC were included in the meta-analysis. There was RPELN metastases (RPELNM) in 1038 patients (9.36%). The factors related to RPELNM were: age <45 years, male sex, right lobe tumor, tumor >1 cm, extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, right paratracheal lymph node metastasis (RPTLNM), central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM), and tumor multifocality. There was no association between RPELNM and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and inferior pole tumors or tumor in the middle of the gland. With superior pole tumors, there was even less RPELNM.ConclusionsThe clinical features related to RPELNM are age <45 years, male sex, tumor >1 cm, tumor diameter >2 cm, right lobe tumor, RPTLNM, extrathyroidal extension, capsular invasion, CLNM, CLNM ≥3, LLNM and multifocality, which should be considered when evaluating RPELN dissection.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响因素

甲状腺乳头状癌是甲状腺癌中最常见的病理类型,具有恶性程度低、进展缓慢、病程长、预后好等生物学特点,但易发生颈侧区淋巴结转移.甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、被膜受累/腺外侵犯、多灶性、中央区转移淋巴结数量等因素相关.了解甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移的影响因素对甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结清扫范围的确定及其适应证具有重要的临床意义.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌合并BRAFV600E基因突变伴侧颈淋巴结转移相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨BRAFV600E基因突变的甲状腺微小乳头状癌侧颈淋巴结转移相关危险因素,对存在基因突变高危因素的微小乳头状癌患者行侧颈淋巴结清扫的适应证进行探索.方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年8月于四川省肿瘤医院80例行甲状腺全切并行侧颈淋巴结清扫的微小乳头状癌患者的临床资料.术后均行石蜡病理切片BRAFV60...     

A case of lateral pelvic lymph node recurrence after TME for submucosal rectal carcinoma successfully treated by lymph node dissection with en bloc resection of the internal iliac vessels

In Japan, lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is generally performed for the treatment of T3-4 lower rectal carcinoma, and not for T1 lower rectal carcinoma, because of a low positive rate in patients with T1 lesion. We experienced a rare case of lateral pelvic lymph node recurrence after total mesorectal resection for T1 lower rectal carcinoma, successfully treated by LLND with en bloc resection of the internal iliac vessels. There is no guideline for the treatment of patients with isolated lateral lymph node recurrence; however, surgery should be considered for such patients.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移特点及清扫策略

背景与目的：目前,在甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫方面存有较大分歧。该研究总结甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的特点,为择区淋巴结清扫提供理论依据。方法：回顾性分析2006年7月—2014年8月收治的462例甲状腺乳头状癌患者病历资料,分析其淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素,评判cN0标准的准确性。结果：全组患者均行患侧中央区(Ⅵ区)淋巴结清扫,320例行侧颈区淋巴结清扫术(Ⅱ～Ⅴ区)或择区淋巴结清扫(Ⅱ～Ⅳ区中的部分或全部),90例行对侧中央区淋巴结活检。73.2%(338/462)符合cN0标准,病理证实其中有184例淋巴结转移,cN0标准误诊率达60.9%。颈部淋巴结总转移率为65.4%(302/462),侧颈区淋巴结转移率为42.6%(197/462),“跳跃转移”率为13.1%(42/320),对侧中央区淋巴结转移率为50%(45/90)。男性、肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3、肿瘤T3或T4、多中心病灶是淋巴结转移的危险因素。肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3是喉前淋巴结转移及“跳跃转移”的危险因素。喉前淋巴结转移及中央区淋巴结2个以上转移者侧颈区淋巴结转移率显著增加(分别为85.7%和83.3%, P＜0.05)。结论：现行cN0标准不能作为确定淋巴结清扫范围的依据;甲状腺乳头状癌易发生淋巴结转移,其中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率最高,依次为Ⅲ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅳ区、Ⅴ区;初次手术应常规清扫患侧中央区淋巴结,建议将Ⅵ区淋巴结送冰冻病理;当喉前淋巴结有转移或Ⅵ区2个以上淋巴结转移时,或肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3者,有必要行侧颈区(或择区)淋巴结清扫;对侧中央区淋巴结转移率较高,需予以重视;中央区淋巴结再分亚区具有重要意义,应深入研究。     

A prediction model incorporating the BRAFV600E protein status for determining the risk of cervical lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer patients with central lymph node metastasis

Background and objectivesCervical lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) is a predictor of poor prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, the risk factors for LLNM remain unclear. The purpose of the study was to examine the risk factors for LLNM and construct a prediction model.MethodsWith Ethics Committee approval, a total of 1198 PTC patients were retrospectively included in our study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and LLNM. A nomogram for predicting LLNM in PTC patients with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was constructed and validated.ResultsThe negative BRAF^V600E protein expression was significantly correlated with positive LLNM status in PTC patients. In PTC patients with CLNM, the number of metastatic central lymph nodes (LNN) ≥ 3 and the ratio of metastatic central lymph nodes (LNR) ≥ 0.565 were found to be significantly associated with positive LLNM status. The nomogram for predicting LLNM risk in PTC patients with CLNM incorporated four risk factors: tumor size, the BRAF^V600E protein expression, LNN and LNR. The prediction model showed excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.714.ConclusionsThe negative BRAF^V600E protein expression was more likely to lead to LLNM. LNN ≥3 and LNR ≥0.565 were associated with LLNM risk in PTC patients with CLNM. Our nomogram might assist clinicians in developing individual suitable follow-up strategies for PTC patients with CLNM.     

Surgical management of extra-regional lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

One of the major problems in rectal cancer surgery is local recurrence, found in an average of 21% to 46% cases in 1990. However, the advent of chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME) improve local control and enhances survival rates in colorectal cancer (CRC). Regional lymph node involvement is determined to be an independent prognostic factor in local recurrence; however, extra-regional lymph node (ERLN) metastasis has a higher recurrence rate (up to 58.1%). Lack of supportive data in management of ERLN metastasis in CRC has added further strain and challenges to structure a unique treatment strategy. ERLN refers to extra-mesenteric involvement either in the para-aortic lymph node (PALN) or the lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN). Treatment of ERLN metastasis is challenging because of the shortage of the resources. Here, we will outline and summarize approaches and management of ERLN metastasis. We also aim to clarify the role of surgical intervention in CRC     

宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的：探讨宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素。方法：回顾性分析634例广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术后宫颈癌患者的临床分期及病理资料。结果：盆腔淋巴结总转移率为18.76%（119/634）,年龄、临床分期、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤生长形态、肿瘤细胞分化程度与淋巴结转移显著相关。病理类型、病灶大小、术前放化疗与淋巴结转移无相关性。结论：年龄≤35岁,临床分期晚,肿瘤浸润≥1/2,溃疡型肿瘤,病理分化差均为宫颈癌淋巴转移高危因素。     

Learning curve analysis for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in rectal cancers – Outcomes improve with experience

IntroductionLateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) is a technically challenging procedure and its learning curve has not been analysed against an oncologically relevant outcome. The purpose of the study was to determine the learning curve for LPLND in rectal cancers using nodal retrieval as performance measure.MethodsConsecutive LPLND for rectal adenocarcinomas from a single institution were retrospectively analysed. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts were used to detect difference in performance with respect to lymph node yield. Negative binomial regression was used to determine factors influencing nodal harvest using Incidence Risk Ratios (IRR). Separate CUSUM curves were generated for open and minimally invasive surgeries (MIS).ResultsOne-hundred and twenty patients were included and all received preoperative radiation. MIS was used in 53.3%. Median lymph node yield was 6 with 20% nodal positivity. Increasing experience (IRR – 1.196) and MIS (IRR – 1.586) were the only factors that influenced nodal harvest. CUSUM charts revealed that learning curve was achieved after the 83rd case overall and after the 19 operations in MIS. There was a 20% increase in nodal yield after every 30 MIS LPLND performed.ConclusionsLearning curve for LPLND is relatively long and only increasing experience and minimally invasive operations increased nodal yield.     

宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的:探讨宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素。方法:回顾性分析634例广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术后宫颈癌患者的临床分期及病理资料。结果:盆腔淋巴结总转移率为18.76%(119/634),年龄、临床分期、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤生长形态、肿瘤细胞分化程度与淋巴结转移显著相关。病理类型、病灶大小、术前放化疗与淋巴结转移无相关性。结论:年龄≤35岁,临床分期晚,肿瘤浸润≥1/2,溃疡型肿瘤,病理分化差均为宫颈癌淋巴转移高危因素。     

影响子宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移因素

 目的　了解影响宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的影响因素。方法　对 116例宫颈癌临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　Ⅰ期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移率为 6 .6 7% ,Ⅱ期宫颈癌淋巴结转移率为 34.6 1% ,放疗未控及复发癌盆腔淋巴结转移率为 35 .2 9%。盆腔淋巴结转移率与患者的临床分期、病理类型、肿瘤体积及生长方式有直接关系。结论　宫颈癌病人的临床分期、病理类型、肿瘤体积、生长方式是影响宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的预后因素 ,术前应充分考虑这些高危因素     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及相关危险因素在颈部不同区域淋巴结转移中的意义.方法:回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院2010年1月至2014年12月术后病理证实为甲状腺癌的404例患者的临床资料,就年龄、性别、术前TSH水平、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、合并结节性甲状腺肿等因素与颈部不同区域淋巴结转移之间的关系进行分析.结果:甲状腺癌发生淋巴结转移时,多数转移至中央区,其次为颈侧区,颈侧区淋巴结转移中Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区转移率相当,且明显高于Ⅱ区.单因素分析结果显示,性别、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并结节性甲状腺肿与中央区、颈侧区淋巴结转移均有关(P＜0.05),而年龄和中央区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),合并桥本甲状腺炎与颈侧区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性患者、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),而多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论:甲状腺乳头状癌中年龄＜45岁的男性患者、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变可增加中央区淋巴结转移的风险.而表现为多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、可疑跳跃性转移及中央区淋巴结转移阳性的患者,颈侧区淋巴结转移风险性增加.     

胸段食管鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移特点及其临床意义

背景与目的：食管癌颈部淋巴结转移率较高,但少有专门报道。本研究分析胸段食管鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移特点,探讨其临床意义。方法：选择1993年1月—2003年12月在福建省肿瘤医院行胸段食管鳞癌三野淋巴结清扫根治术患者1 131例,对术后病理证实颈部淋巴结转移患者376例的具体情况进行分析。结果：全组颈部淋巴结转移率为33.2%,其中胸上、中及下段的颈部淋巴结转移率分别为43.7%、33.0%和16.0%。单因素分析显示,颈部淋巴结转移率与肿瘤部位、病理分化程度、病变X线长度、pT分期以及淋巴结转移个数有关(P<0.05),但多因素回归分析显示,颈部淋巴结转移率只与肿瘤部位、pT分期及淋巴结转移个数有关(P<0.05)。颈段食管旁淋巴结转移最多见,其次是锁骨上淋巴结转移,颈深淋巴结及咽后淋巴结转移少见;胸上、中及下段的颈部淋巴结转移数占该段淋巴结总转移数的比率分别为57.7%、32.0%和10.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各段食管癌右颈部淋巴结转移多于左颈部。结论：影响胸段食管鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移独立因素是肿瘤部位、pT分期及淋巴结转移数;颈段食管旁淋巴结转移最多见,其次是锁骨上淋巴结转移,颈深淋巴结及咽后淋巴结转移少见。