LISS钢板在高能量股骨远端骨折中的应用

目的总结LISS钢板治疗高能量股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法2006年7月-2008年2月采用LISS钢板治疗股骨远端骨折共11例,男7例,女4例,年龄20-55岁,平均34．6岁。结果随访4-14个月,平均9．3月;骨折临床愈合时间8-16周,ROM80°～130°,平均105°,无一例发生感染、骨折再移位、内固定失败等并发症。结论LISS钢板治疗股骨远端骨折具有软组织创伤小,骨折愈合快,感染率低、功能恢复好等优点。其无需紧贴骨面即可获得可靠的固定,不易发生骨折再移位或内固定松动。     

内隐社会认知的研究及其在健康领域的应用

就内隐社会认知的概念及内涵、测量方法、在健康领域的研究进展进行综述,并探讨其在护理心理学研究领域发展的可行性。     

经胃镜钳取食管,胃,十二指肠内异物：附124例报告及统计分析

我院于1982～1996年在胃镜直视下对124例食管、胃、十二指肠内异物者进行胃镜检查和异物钳取,124中有112例成功,成功率达90.3％,其钳取异物142件。现报告如下。1 临床资料 胃内异物组:108例均为男性,年龄最小16岁,最大34岁。104例异物均是故意吞服,4例是胃结石。异物吞入至胃镜检查时间最短1d,最长30d; 食管内异物组:15例,其中男性9例,女性6例,年龄最小15岁,最大38岁。13例为异物误入,停留时间最短24h,最长30d,其中6例否认有误入异物史;     

锁骨骨折内固定术后内固定物断裂21例

锁骨骨折为常见的上肢骨折.随着近年来采用骨折切开复位内固定的比例日渐增多,锁骨骨折内固定断裂也日益常见[1].本次研究对21例锁骨骨折内固定术后内固定断裂,采用更换内固定物,必要时植骨的方法治疗,效果满意.现报道如下.     

30例跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的总结跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗体会。方法对 3 0例移位的跟骨关节内骨折切开复位 ,内固定。结果 3 0例均获随访 ,根据美国足踝骨科协会的足部评分标准 (AOFAS) ,优良率 10 0 %。结论适应证选择得当、牢固固定及早期功能锻炼将获得满意的效果     

复发性乳头凹陷改良矫正术的临床研究

目的:探讨矫正复发性乳头凹陷疗效可靠的术式.方法:通过时各种术式矫正乳头凹陷易复发原因的分析,设计内撑内挤法矫正乳头凹陷.结果:施术28例,随访6～24个月,隆起的乳头形态自然,乳头血运良好,切口均一期愈合,无复发,随访中12例术后生产.均哺乳正常.结论:内撑内挤法矫正乳头凹陷疗效可靠持久,乳头形态、感觉良好,方法简单.值得推广.     

可吸收螺钉在关节内骨折中的应用

目的 评价可吸收螺钉在关节内骨折临床应用中的效果。方法本组36例，平均年龄37岁。使用可吸收螺钉治疗关节内骨折，术后定期随访、复查X线片，了解骨折愈合及关节功能以及局部及全身反应情况。结果 术后平均随访12个月，所有病例骨折对位良好，达骨性愈合。肢体功能和关节活动无明显异常，无非特异性炎症反应表现。结论 可吸收螺钉是关节内骨折的理想内固定物，其操作简单，固定效果确切，生物相容性好，对人体无不良反应，不影响关节内骨折的愈合，免除二次手术取内固定物的痛苦。     

关节镜下微创内固定治疗膝关节内骨折临床观察

目的研究关节镜下微创内固定治疗膝关节内骨折的临床治疗效果。方法选择我院2011年12月~2013年12月收治的90例膝关节内骨折患者作为研究对象,将所有患者按照随机数字法分为观察组和对照组两组各45例。对照组患者采取切开复位内固定术治疗,观察组患者采取关节镜下微创内固定术治疗。对比观察两组患者治疗优良率情况、并发症发生情况以及HSS评分情况。结果观察组患者的优良率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者并发症明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的HSS评分情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于膝关节内骨折患者采用关节镜下微创内固定疗效显著,且能够有效降低并发症的发生率,值得临床广泛运用。     

复杂关节内骨折的手术治疗

复杂的关节内骨折,即使早期予以满意的复位和固定,术后常规早期功能锻炼,晚期关节粘连和骨性关节炎的发生率仍较高.从2000年至2005年我们共收治复杂关节内骨折25例,采用切开复位内固定术,术后重视早期功能锻炼,效果较满意.     

跟骨关节内骨折42例手术疗效分析

目的:总结跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗经验。方法:对42例跟骨关节内骨折进行手术内固定治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果:42例术后获2年随访,优良率达95%以上。结论:跟骨关节内骨折应选用手术整复内固定治疗。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.