术前白细胞计数预测肝切除治疗超“米兰标准”肝细胞癌病人的预后

目的 探讨术前白细胞计数对超“米兰标准”肝细胞癌病人肝切除预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析 2007年6月至2013年12月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院行肝切除的237例超“米兰标准”肝细胞癌病人的临床资料。利用ROC曲线确定白细胞计数分界值,对病人分组。应用Kaplan-Meier法制作生存曲线,Log-Rank法进行分析。应用COX比例风险模型研究影响预后的危险因素。结果 白细胞计数6.0×10⁹/L为分界值。白细胞较低组和白细胞较高组中位生存时间分别为53.4个月和27.6个月（P=0.002）。白细胞较低组和白细胞较高组中位无复发生存时间分别为20.7个月和12.2个月（P=0.029）。匹配分析后两组间生存时间及无复发生存时间仍有统计学差异。结论 术前白细胞计数可预测超“米兰标准”肝细胞癌病人肝切除的预后。     

“鸡尾酒”疗法在人工全膝关节置换中的应用进展

人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)是治疗骨关节炎终末期的最有效方式,但是由于手术过程中需要广泛软组织暴露、大量的滑膜切除,并且需要大面积的截骨,所以术后常伴有剧烈的疼痛及失血,对术后康复及功能锻炼都有严重的影响。"鸡尾酒"(Cocktail)疗法主要是通过几种药物的联合(配方药物)注射关节周围,从而达到预防和控制术后疼痛的目的,且随着"鸡尾酒"配方的改进,其对控制围术期出血也不断显示出良好的效果,而疼痛及出血的控制会使患者术后功能锻炼进一步获得改善,有利于患者的快速康复。现将近年来国内外有关"鸡尾酒"疗法在人工全膝关节置换方面的研究进展和疗效综述如下。     

改良“瞄准器”状缝合术在回肠预防性造口还纳术中的应用

目的 探讨改良“瞄准器”状缝合术处理回肠造口还纳术后腹壁切口的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2022年2月间笔者团队收治的58例回肠造口还纳术患者病例资料,根据造口还纳术后腹壁切口缝合方式的不同,将研究对象分为观察组（26例）及对照组（32例）,观察组采用改良“瞄准器”状缝合术,对照组采用传统一期缝合术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食时间、拆线时间、术后住院时间、切口感染率及术后切口疼痛评分。结果 观察组术后进食时间、拆线时间、术后住院时间、术后第一天疼痛评分及切口感染率明显低于对照组（均P < 0.05）。两组手术时间、术中出血量差异比较未见统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。结论 与传统一期缝合术相比,改良“瞄准器”状缝合术处理腹壁切口可明显降低回肠造口术后切口感染率及术后第一天疼痛感,缩短术后进食时间、拆线时间及术后住院时间。     

胰十二指肠切除术前“减黄”的临床评价

目的 评价术前“减黄”对提高壶腹周围癌患者胰十二指肠切除术(PD)手术成功率及减少术后并发症的作用。方法 对行手术治疗的136例壶腹周围癌及其中41例行PD手术的病例进行回顾性分析。结果 55例术前“减黄”患者“减黄”前后血清总胆红素分别为442.5±21.1mmol/L和161.2±15.8mmol/L(P<0.05);“减黄”组PD成功率为38.18%,明显高于直接手术组的21.78%(P<0.05);“减黄”组术中出血量和术后并发症发生率分别为774±85ml和28.6%,而直接手术组则分别为1240±110ml和70%,两组间差异显著(P均<0.05);“减黄”并发症组与直接手术组间PD手术切除率无明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 术前“减黄”能有效提高壶腹周围癌患者PD手术成功率,并能显著减少术中出血和术后并发症。     

超“UCSF标准”肝细胞癌肝移植术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞的疗效

目的: 评估经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）在超“UCSF标准”肝细胞癌（HCC）肝移植术前治疗的安全性及疗效。方法: 回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年3月在本院行肝移植治疗的83例超“UCSF标准”的成年HCC病人临床资料,根据术前是否采取TACE治疗分为TACE治疗组（63例）与对照组（20例）。比较两组病人术后急性排异、胆道并发症和血管并发症发生率、无瘤生存率及总生存率。结果: TACE治疗组在肝移植术前平均进行了（2.0±1.3）次TACE疗程,末次治疗至肝移植的平均时间为（15.7±8.4） d。TACE治疗组与对照组相比,在肝移植术后急性排异、肝动脉栓塞和胆道并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TACE治疗组无瘤生存率及总生存率明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。分层分析表明,TACE治疗后获得完全反应或部分反应的HCC病人行肝移植1、3、5年无瘤生存率及总生存率明显高于TACE治疗后无反应组（P<0.05）。TACE治疗后肿瘤降期至“UCSF标准”的HCC病人行肝移植1、3、5年无瘤生存率及总生存率明显高于降期治疗后未达到“UCSF标准”的病人（P<0.05）。结论: 肝移植术前TACE治疗可延长病人无瘤生存及总生存时间。肝移植术前TACE降期治疗安全,仅1例发生肝动脉栓塞并发症。     

一种标准化腹腔镜左半肝切除术模式探讨：“隧道法”腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术

目的 探讨“隧道法”腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术的安全性及可行性。方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2021年4月西南医科大学附属简阳市人民医院肝胆外科接受腹腔镜左半肝切除术患者的临床资料,根据不同的手术操作方式分为两组：“隧道法”腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术组（隧道法组）19例、经前入路腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术组（前入路组）20例,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、断肝时间、断肝出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症等。结果 隧道法组在手术时间、术中出血量、断肝时间、断肝出血量方面均低于前入路组[（185.53± 59.84）min vs （232.50±62.92）min, （244.74±88.03）mL vs （327.50±154.30）mL, （15.11±5.53）min vs （41.25±21.21）min, （65.26±23.66）mL vs （156.50±69.46）mL],差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组在术后住院时间、术后并发症方面差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 “隧道法”腹腔镜解剖性左半肝切除术安全、可行,且手术时间短、出血少,有望成为腹腔镜左半肝切除的一种标准术式。     

创新学科“微创胰胃外科学”建设十年回顾与展望

创新学科“微创胰胃外科学”建设已有十周年,团队以直接造福患者为目的,以临床技术创新为重点,获得了一些成绩和体会,且具有实用性和可复制性。笔者回顾创新学科“微创胰胃外科学”的背景、建设历程、业绩和体会。     

机器人胰腺手术临床研究的现状和热点——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

目的 通过对机器人胰腺手术相关临床研究文献进行可视化分析,探究国内外机器人胰腺手术的演进过程、不同时期的热点主题、研究现状以及未来研究趋势。方法 以“机器人胰腺手术”为主题,统计分析PubMed数据库和中国知网（CNKI）数据库的文献检索结果,采用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件对关键词进行聚类、突现词检测、时区图及时间线图分析,绘制可视化的知识图谱。结果 检索纳入2002年1月1日至2022年2月12日间PubMed数据库661篇、CNKI数据库235篇,合计896篇文献。国内外发文量呈波动上升趋势;国内外已形成多个研究团队,其中国外发文量最高的作者为Chang Kang,国内发文量最高的作者为彭承宏;研究关键词国外以“机器人手术”、“胰体尾切除术”、“微创手术”等词出现频率较高,国内以“机器人”、“胰腺肿瘤”、“腹腔镜”等词出现频次较高;关键词聚类后,国外聚类#0（微创机器人胰十二指肠切除术）和#1（保留脏器功能的胰十二指肠切除术）出现大量突现关键词节点,聚类#3（微创胰腺肿物剜除术）则出现较多高中心性节点;国内聚类#2（机器人）出现大量突现关键词节点。结论 综合分析显示,机器人胰腺手术的临床研究处于快速发展阶段,未来仍将是胰腺外科领域研究热点。国内外研究热点和演进过程既有相似性也有差异性;机器人胰腺手术与腹腔镜手术及传统开腹手术治疗胰腺疾病的临床疗效对比仍是未来研究方向。     

“深肌松”在肥胖患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺癌切除术中的应用观察

目的 探讨“深肌松”方案在肥胖患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺癌切除术中的应用效果及优势。方法 择期行机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺癌切除术的肥胖患者48例,随机分为常规（中度）肌松组（M组）和深肌松组（D组）。两组采用统一的镇静镇痛方案,其中M组诱导时予顺式阿曲库铵0.15~0.2 mg/kg iv,之后每间隔约45 min~1 h单次静推顺式阿曲库铵5 mg维持;D组诱导时则予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg静注,PTC=1~2时行气管插管;麻醉维持采用连续输注,切皮前予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg iv,当神经肌肉阻滞开始恢复时以5~10 μg/（kg·min）泵注。比较两组诱导插管时间、苏醒时间、拔管后视觉模拟评分法VAS评分及躁动发生率;分别于诱导前（T₀）、手术开始1小时（T₁）、术毕时（T₂）及离开PACU前（T3）抽取动脉血2 mL行血气分析,比较两组患者乳酸、血糖等结果的差异。结果 与M组相比,D组插管时间、苏醒时间较短,拔管后VAS疼痛评分及躁动发生率较低,两组差别有统计学意义（P<0.05）。同时刻相比,T₂、T₃时刻D组的乳酸、血糖值较低,与M组比较差别有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 与常规肌松组相比,“深肌松”麻醉方案可缩短该类患者插管时间,加速苏醒,减轻术后疼痛和躁动应激,或可改善总体麻醉质量。     

不同剂量氨酚羟考酮对膝关节置换术后镇痛效果的研究

目的观察口服氨酚羟考酮片在膝关节置换术后患者中的镇痛疗效和安全性,选择最佳的给药剂量。方法选择行单侧全膝关节置换患者50例,随机分为氨酚羟考酮10mg组和5mg组,均为Q8H给药,同时使用股神经阻滞（0.2%罗哌卡因）,两组患者均维持镇痛5 d。术后记录静息痛、康复锻炼疼痛最重时、康复锻炼结束时疼痛评分、膝关节被动活动度、膝关节主动活动度,记录功能活动时疼痛：下床、行走、即刻松拐疼痛评分,以及药物相关的并发症。结果氨酚羟考酮10mg组患者在术后1 d、3 d的静息痛VAS评分及膝关节主动活动优于5mg组,不良反应发生率10mg组为26.7%,5mg组为10%。结论氨酚羟考酮用于全膝关节置换术后康复镇痛效果良好,建议在术后早期（1～3天）使用10mg,Q8H给药,以缓解患者的静息痛、锻炼痛,之后可以减药量为5mg,Q8H,也可以达到满意的功能表现,同时减少药物的副作用。     

Valgus extension femoral osteotomy to treat “hinge abduction” in Perthes’ disease

Purpose

“Hinge abduction” is a complication of Perthes’ disease caused by impingement of the extruded superolateral portion of the femoral head against the lateral lip of the acetabulum. Catterall first described femoral valgus extension osteotomy (VGEO) to treat this condition. We report the results of this operation in 16 cases of Perthes’ disease with “hinge abduction”.

Methods

Sixteen hips in 16 patients affected by Perthes’ disease and “hinge abduction” were operated on at a mean age of 10.1 years and followed up an average of 6.5 years later. Before surgery, the mean Iowa hip score was 44.4 points. Preoperative radiographs were taken with the affected hip in maximum adduction in order to calculate the amount of valgus correction. The osteotomy was performed between the greater and the lesser trochanter, and it was fixed with a hip plate.

Results

All the osteotomies healed uneventfully. At follow-up, no patient complained of pain and hip abduction ranged from 20° to 45°. Four out of the 16 patients had a moderate limp, and 12 had an improvement in gait pattern compared to preoperatively. At follow-up, the Iowa hip score totaled a mean of 83.6 points, with a statistically significant improvement in comparison to the preoperative evaluation. At follow-up, two hips were classified as Stulberg II–III, ten hips as Stulberg III, and four as Stulberg IV.

Conclusions

In our hands, VGEO was an effective procedure to treat “hinge abduction” in severe Perthes’ disease with satisfactory results. The main limitation of our study is its short follow-up.     

全膝关节置换术围手术期疼痛的原因及镇痛的研究进展

全膝关节置换术已经成为目前治疗终末期膝关节骨性关节炎的有效手术方法之一.然而术后的疼痛问题却一直困扰着临床医生.术后疼痛的原因可分为医源性,假体源性和患者源性3大因素.围手术期疼痛的处理包括术前的宣教,超前镇痛,假体的选择与设计;术中的处理主要包括合适的手术入路,保持膝关节周围的软组织平衡,术中膝关节周围鸡尾酒镇痛;术后主要包括口服镇痛药物,股神经组织以及患者的自控镇痛.以及近年来兴起的围手术期多种镇痛方式联合应用的多模式镇痛.对于围手术期的疼痛进行充分的干预,可有效缓解膝关节置换术后患者的疼痛,使患者更好的进行功能锻炼,从而获得更好的手术效果.     

Anchor and Krackow‐“8” Suture for the Fixation of Distal Pole Fractures of the Patella: Comparison to Kirschner Wire

ObjectiveThe study aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, functional outcomes, and postoperative complications of anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS) and K‐wire fixation in patients with distal pole patellar fractures.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with distal pole patella fractures between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS group) was applied in 10 patients and 18 patients underwent K‐wire fixation (K‐wire group). The average age of patients was 46.000 ± 19.476 years in the AS group and 47.556 ± 15.704 years in the K‐wire group, with comparable demographic characteristics. All patients underwent regular follow‐up the operative data and postoperative functional and clinical outcomes were recorded. Complications were recorded by clinical and radiographic assessment. Bostman patellar fracture functional score was used to evaluate knee function after patellar fracture.ResultsA total of 28 eligible patients were included in this study. The mean follow‐up was similar for the AS and the K‐wire groups (P > 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The final follow‐up on the range of motion of the knee: the average extension lag was similar in two groups (P > 0.05); flexion and flexion–extension angle was slightly better in the AS group than in the K‐wire group. The Bostman patella fracture functional score of AS group were better than K‐wire group at 3 and 6 months after operation. Four kinds of postoperative complications in two groups, one patient (10%) in the AS group and two patients (11.1%) in the K‐wire group had infections. Two (11.1%) cases of nonunion in group K and three patients (16.7%) required re‐operation: one due to infection and two due to early implant failure. In the AS group, all distal pole fractures of the patella showed bony union, without loosening, falling, pulling out and nonunion of the fractures 6 months after operation.ConclusionsAnchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation is an easily executed surgical procedure that can significantly reduce incision length and achieve better surgical outcomes than traditional procedures with regard to postoperative complications, knee function and without requiring a second operation. This technique is an effective operation method for the treatment of inferior patellar pole fractures.     

Improvement in Blood Supply After “Heparin-Dextran” Therapy in Patients of Buerger’s Disease with Critical Limb Ischemia

Alleviating the agonizing pain of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in patients of Buerger’s disease (BD) has been challenging, due to lack of definitive treatment; “Heparin-Dextran” infusion has been tried in this study. Assessment of clinical improvement and vascular changes following therapy. Patients with CLI admitted to emergency surgical ward were studied prospectively. BD was diagnosed by Shionoya’s criteria, and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Heparin and Dextran intravenous infusion was administered for 10 days. Severity of rest pain, ischemic changes in the feet, claudication distance and ankle brachial index (ABI) were estimated prior to therapy, at completion and 3 weeks after therapy. Vascular changes were assessed by CT angiography (CTA) performed prior to and 3 weeks after therapy. Twenty consecutive patients were studied. Successful hemodilution reflected by decreased hematocrit (37.4 % to 32.6 %, p < 0.05) and increased mean ABI (0.46 to 0.83, p < 0.01), improved rest pain in 75 % patients (p < 0.001), increased claudication distance in 94 % (p < 0.05) and ulcers healing in 70 % patients. CTA revealed recanalised vessels (decreased length of occluded segments) in 10 (50 %, p = 0.005), increased collaterals in 12 (60 %, p < 0.01) and improved distal run-off in 13 (65 %, p < 0.01) patients. “Heparin-Dextran” therapy in patients of CLI from BD improves tissue perfusion by increasing collaterals and recanalisation of vessels, resulting in significant relief from rest pain and clinical improvements. CTA is as efficacious as DSA for evaluation of BD.     

Intraarticular, epidural, and intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: After total knee arthroplasty, patients regularly suffer from severe pain. It is unclear whether epidural or systemic pain therapy is superior in terms of postoperative pain relief, patients' comfort and side effects. A new therapeutic approach, intraarticular opioids, has been suggested with the detection of opioid receptors in inflamed tissue. This method has proven suitable for clinical use in small operations (e.g. knee arthroscopy). In this study, we compared epidural analgesia and intraarticular application of morphine plus "on-demand" intravenous analgesia to "on-demand" intravenous analgesia alone. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients, scheduled for total knee arthroplasty, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: in group 1 (EPI) patients received bolus doses of morphine via an epidural catheter; in group 2 (IA) an intraarticular bolus of 1 mg of morphine was applied at the end of the operation with subsequent use of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump; group 3 (Control), in which only PCA was provided, served as control for both analgesic procedures. Main outcome measures included visual analogue pain scales, total morphine consumption, and stress hormones. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in visual analogue pain scales could be detected between the three groups. Application of intraarticular morphine did not reduce the amount of analgesics required for postoperative analgesia as compared to intravenous analgesia alone. Application of epidural morphine significantly suppressed beta-endorphine release, but did not significantly influence other stress hormones as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Epidural and intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty are equivalent methods of pain relief. In major orthopaedic procedures, application of intraarticular morphine does not reduce analgesic requirements.     

The ��Floppy Diaphragm�� Sign with Laparoscopic-Associated Pneumothorax

Pneumothoraces in association with laparoscopy are uncommon and potentially disastrous complications that may also occur without adverse sequelae. The “floppy diaphragm sign” is a readily discernible and useful sign of a laparoscopic-induced pneumothorax. Tube thoracostomy is generally not indicated in stable patients as the pneumothorax typically resolves quickly upon desufflation of the pneumoperitoneum.     

功能锻炼决策辅助对单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者的影响

目的探讨决策辅助对单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者术后功能锻炼依从性的影响。方法按照住院时间将单侧全膝关节置换术后恐动症患者143例分为对照组72例和干预组71例。对照组给予常规治疗和护理,干预组在循证基础上,通过专家会议,构建并实施功能锻炼决策辅助方案。比较两组患者出院时、术后1个月和3个月功能锻炼依从性、恐动症和膝关节功能评分。结果干预后两组功能锻炼依从性、恐动症和膝关节功能评分的时间效应、组间效应和交互效应显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论决策辅助有利于提高单侧全膝关节置换恐动症患者术后功能锻炼依从性,降低恐动水平,改善其膝关节功能。     

Total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients with severe Kashin-Beck disease of the knee

Purpose

The treatment of elderly KBD knee remains a significant clinical challenge, and clinical data are lacking. This study aimed to prospectively determine the functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in adult patients with severe Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) of the knee.

Method

Fifteen cases that included 18 occurrences of KBD of the knee were treated by primary knee arthroplasty and followed up for at least two years. Clinical assessments for each patient were performed at time zero (pre-operatively), one, three, six and 12 months and yearly thereafter. The efficacy measures included the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and Functional Score for Adult Tibetans with Kashin-Beck Disease (FSAT-KBD) as well as radiographic findings.

Results

All patients were followed for a mean length of 32.47±10.05 months. All force lines in the lower limbs had been improved significantly. No radiographic evidence of loosening or changes in component positioning was observed at the last follow up. The VAS decreased significantly during the first six months after surgery and was maintained until the last follow up (p < 0.01). Similar trends were found in both HSS and FSAT-KBD, which increased significantly post-operatively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Knee arthroplasty can reduce pain and improve function in patients with severe KBD of the knee. Additional studies will be necessary to confirm our findings.     

Three-in-One Nerve Block With Different Concentrations of Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty : Randomized,Placebo-Controlled,Double-Blind Trial

Pain after total knee arthroplasty may be severe and lead to adverse outcomes. Using 2 concentrations of bupivacaine, we investigated 3-in-1 nerve block's effect on pain control, narcotic use, sedation, and patient satisfaction. One hundred five patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized into 3 groups: low-dose or high-dose bupivacaine or placebo. Ninety-nine patients completed the study. Three-in-1 nerve block reduced patient-controlled opioid analgesia usage and improved pain relief in the early postoperative period but had little effect beyond postoperative day 1. There were no significant differences among groups with respect to nausea or sedation. Patients in each group exhibited high overall satisfaction. Low-dose bupivacaine was superior to high-dose bupivacaine for pain relief, narcotic consumption, and patient satisfaction in the early postoperative period.     

The surgical treatment of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases in the setting of the “liver first” approach

A surgical resection is the only curative method in the therapy of colorectal carcinoma and liver metastases. Along with the development of interventional radiological techniques the indications for surgery widen. The number of metastases and patients age should not present a contraindication for surgical resection. However, there are still some doubts concerns what to resect first in cases of synchronous colorectal carcinoma and liver metastases and how to ensure the proper remnant liver volume in order to avoid postoperative liver failure and achieve the best results. Through this review the surgical therapy of colorectal carcinoma and liver metastases was revised in the setting of “liver-first” approach and the problem of ensuring of remnant liver volume.