经腹超声与X线平片预测新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床转归的对比研究

目的比较经腹超声与X线平片在协助诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)和预测临床转归中的应用价值。方法选取我院儿科收治的80例NEC患儿,根据修正Bell-NEC分级诊断标准将患儿分为修正Bell-NEC分级ⅠA、ⅠB级39例(A组)和修正Bell-NEC分级ⅡA级以上41例(B组);另根据临床转归分为转归良好组50例(内科保守治疗)和转归不良组30例(手术治疗或死亡)。各组均行经腹超声和X线平片检查,比较两种影像学检查结果。应用Logistic回归分析筛选影响NEC患儿临床转归不良的X线平片和经腹超声表现;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估X线平片和经腹超声对NEC患儿转归不良的预测价值。结果 B组经腹超声对肠管扩张和门静脉积气的检出率分别为58.54%(24/41)和36.59%(15/41),高于X线平片的36.59%(15/41)、17.07%(7/41),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。转归不良组X线平片对腹腔游离气体、肠壁积气、门静脉积气、肠管扩张的检出率分别为13.33%(4/30)、16.67%(5/30)、20.00%(6/30)、50.00%(15/30),高于转归良好组的2.00%(1/50)、2.00%(1/50)、2.00%(1/50)、24.00%(12/50),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);转归不良组经腹超声对腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液、肠壁增厚、肠管扩张检出率分别为16.67%(5/30)、50.00%(15/30)、53.33%(16/30)、50.00%(15/30),高于转归良好组的2.00%(1/50)、24.00%(12/50)、24.00%(12/50)、32.00%(16/50),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,经腹超声检出腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液、肠壁增厚,X线平片检出肠管扩张、腹腔游离气体均是NEC患儿临床转归不良的危险因素(均P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,经腹超声和X线平片预测NEC患儿转归不良的曲线下面积分别为0.829(95%可信区间:0.730～0.927)和0.702(95%可信区间:0.581～0.823),差异有统计学意义(Z=2.036,P0.05)。结论与X线平片比较,经腹超声对NEC患儿肠管扩张、门静脉积气的检出率更高,可观察NEC患儿肠道的细微变化,在早期NEC诊断和临床转归预测方面更具优势。     

腹部超声在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎诊断价值

目的探讨腹部超声在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)诊断价值。方法选取我院收治的NEC患儿84例,分别进行腹部超声检查以及腹部X线检查,分析二者诊断及病情评估结果。结果疑似组腹部超声发现肠壁积气以及门静脉积气的比例显著高于X线平片(P0.05);确诊组腹部超声发现肠壁积气以及门静脉积气的比例显著高于X线平片(P0.05),腹腔积液、肠道蠕动消失以及肠壁增厚检出率无明显区别(P0.05);手术或病死组肠管扩张、腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液以及肠壁增厚的情况明显高于内科治愈组患儿(P0.05)。结论超声诊断有着无辐射以及动态显示的特点,在NEC诊断以及病情评估中有重要应用价值。     

床旁高频超声与可移动数字化X线对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的诊断价值

目的比较床旁高频超声、可移动数字化X线(digital radiography,DR)在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎诊断中的价值。方法坏死性小肠结肠炎新生儿65例,均行高频超声与可移动DR检查,比较影像学表现差异,及对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎不同征象的检出率。结果 65例患儿可移动DR表现为肠管扩张27例,肠梗阻14例,肠壁积气7例,门静脉积气1例,肠穿孔2例,肠道气体减少14例;床旁高频超声表现为肠壁回声增强21例,肠壁水肿增厚57例,肠壁积气28例,门静脉积气7例,肠梗阻征象36例,肠管发育不成熟29例,腹腔积液呈无回声28例、有回声21例,肠穿孔征象7例,胎粪性腹膜炎征象4例;高频超声对肠壁积气、门静脉积气、肠穿孔、腹腔积液的检出率(43.08%、10.77%、10.77%、75.39%)均高于可移动DR(10.77%、1.54%、3.08%、0)(P0.05)。结论与可移动DR比较,床旁高频超声对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的多种征象检出率更高。     

腹部超声与X线平片预测新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床转归的应用价值比较研究

目的：比较腹部超声与X线平片在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）协助诊断及预测临床转归的应用价值。方法：回顾性选择2014年2月至2019年2月我院儿科收治的80例NEC患儿,根据修正Bell-NEC分级诊断标准将患儿分为疑似组（39例）、确诊组（41例）,根据临床转归分为转归良好组（内科保守治疗,50例）和转归不良组（手术治疗或死亡,30例）。均行床旁腹部超声和X线平片,收集疑似组和确诊组两种影像检查结果,比较不同临床转归患者两种检查结果的差异,分析其预测NEC患儿临床转归的价值。结果：确诊组腹部超声对肠管扩张、门静脉积气检出率分别为58.54%（24/41）、36.59% （15/41）,高于腹部X线平片的36.59%（15/41）、17.07%（7/41）（P＜0.05）。转归不良组腹部X线平片腹腔游离气体、肠壁积气、门静脉积气、肠管扩张检出率分别为13.33%（4/30）、16.67%（5/30）、20.00%（6/30）、50.00%（15/30）,高于转归良好组的2.00%（1/50）、2.00%（1/50）、2.00%（1/50）、24.00%（12/50）（P＜0.05）,腹部超声腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液、肠壁增厚、肠管扩张检出率分别为16.67%（5/30）、50.00%（15/30）、40.00%（12/30）、50.00%（15/30）,高于转归良好组的2.00%（1/50）、24.00%（12/50）、14.00%（7/50）、32.00%（16/50）（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示腹部超声检出腹腔游离气体、腹腔积液、肠壁增厚,腹部X线平片检出肠管扩张、腹腔游离气体是NEC患儿临床转归不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。研究结果还显示腹部超声、腹部X线平片检查预测NEC转归不良的灵敏度分别为83.33%、63.33%,特异度分别为78.00%、72.00%。结论：与腹部X线平片比较,腹部超声对NEC患儿肠管扩张、门静脉积气有更高的检出率,可探察到NEC患儿肠道的细微变化,腹部超声在协助NEC诊断和临床转归预测中更具价值。     

腹部超声在诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎中的价值

目的探讨腹部超声在诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)中的应用价值及对预后评估的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2016年1月~2017年4月收治的92例NEC患儿,根据修正Bell-NEC分级诊断标准将其分为疑似组45例和确诊组47例,另按照临床转归分为内科治愈组65例和手术/死亡组27例,比较两组患者腹部超声及腹部X线表现。结果 (1)确诊组患儿中,腹部超声对肠壁积气、门静脉积气、肠管扩张检出率明显高于腹部X线检查,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)手术/死亡组患儿腹部超声显示肠管扩张、肠壁增厚、腹腔积液检出率明显高于内科治愈组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹部X线平片显示手术/死亡组患儿肠管扩张检出率明显高于内科治愈组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹部超声在NEC诊断中具有较高的应用价值,相比于X线平片,其可以更加敏感的发现早期肠管坏死征象,对于判断疾病预后具有重要意义。     

超声诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎后肠狭窄的价值

目的 探讨肠道超声诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)后肠狭窄的价值.方法 对50例新生儿行肠道超声检查,将其分为NEC后肠狭窄组(27例)和正常组(23例),记录两组肠管形态、血供,测量肠壁厚度及肠系膜上动脉(SM A)血流动力学参数,比较两组肠壁厚度及血流动力学参数差异.结果 NEC后肠狭窄超声表现为狭窄段肠管形态...     

高频超声与X线对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎分期诊断价值比较研究

目的：比较高频超声与X线对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（Necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC）不同临床分期的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年1月收住我院新生儿科并确诊NEC的患儿100例，男57例，女43例，比较不同分期NEC高频超声与X线影像学特征及检出率，比较高频超声与X线诊断不同分期NEC阳性率。结果：100例患儿根据临床Bell’s分期标准，Bell分期Ⅰ期50例，Ⅱ期37例，Ⅲ期13例。高频超声与X线比较，高频超声对肠壁水肿增厚、腹水、局部穿孔征象有更高的检出率，X线对肠管充气扩张及充气分布不均有更高的检出率，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），其它如肠壁积气、门静脉积气、持续固定肠袢/超声表现为肠壁薄、肠蠕动消失，气腹，二者检出率无明显差异（P>0.05）。高频超声诊断NEC阳性率85.00%,X线诊断阳性率80.00%，二者诊断NEC有较好的一致性（Kappa=0.75,P<0.05）。NECⅠ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期高频超声与X线诊断阳性率分别为：84.00%、83.78%、92.31%及90.00%、78.38%、46.15%...     

腹部X线检查对坏死性小肠结肠炎诊断敏感性的影响分析

目的:分析腹部X线检查对坏死性小肠结肠炎(Necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)诊断的敏感性,旨在为NEC的诊断提供帮助。方法:选取2015年3月至2016年4月拟于我院治疗NEC患者83例,根据Bell临床分期NECⅠ期与Ⅱa为早期组(n=41),NECⅡb期与Ⅲ期为进展期组(n=42),观察两组患者的X线表现,并采用ROC曲线分析其对NEC的诊断价值。结果:早期组中小肠胀气扩张11例,部分肠管狭窄变细、形态僵直17例,局部胃肠道见"泡沫征"者13例,进展期组中肠壁囊样积气者15例,肠壁囊样积气及线样积气者19例,门静脉积气者5例,气腹者3例。进展组的患者X射线预测NEC的ROC曲线下面积、灵敏度、特异度均比早期组的高,差异比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:早期NEC的X线表现为肠管狭窄和僵直,进展期X线表现为门静脉积气和肠壁积气,进展期X射线预测NEC的敏感度和特异度高于早期。     

CT肠壁积气征在评估肠管血运活性上的意义

目的 评估CT肠壁积气征对判断透壁性肠坏死或部分性肠缺血的意义.方法 通过对38例临床有肠缺血表现和/或有肠缺血高危因素病例的CT征象分析,并与临床及手术病理结果对照,比较无活性肠管组与有活性肠管组之间CT征象的差异,重点对照分析CT肠壁积气征与手术、病理结果之间的关系.结果 肠壁积气征、门脉积气征及腹腔游离气体征的发生率无活性肠管组明显高于有活性肠管组,两组间存在显著性差异.CT肠壁积气征,尤其合并有门静脉系统积气征象时,与肠壁全层透壁性坏死高度相关.单个“气泡”型肠壁积气征多为部分性肠缺血.结论 在肠缺血病例中,CT肠壁气肿征并不一定提示肠壁已发生透壁性肠坏死.合并有门静脉积气及肠壁积气的病例较单纯肠壁积气的病例,发生透壁性肠坏死的可能性更大.     

高频超声对儿童过敏性紫癜肠道损害的诊断价值

目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜肠道损害的超声诊断价值.提高对儿童过敏性紫癜肠道损害的超声诊断水平.方法用高频超声对36例经临床和实验室检查确诊为过敏性紫癜患儿的肠道损害部位及回声特点进行观察.结果 (1)儿童过敏性紫癜急性期肠道损害的超声表现病变部位的肠管单发节段性扩张,肠壁水肿呈对称或不对称增厚,回声均匀减低,黏膜及浆膜层呈晕环状低回声,肠管管腔狭窄;(2)增厚肠壁的血流情况血流较丰富者75%;2～3条血流者19.4%;点状血流者5.6%;(3)过敏性紫癜急性期肠道损害的部位以小肠受损为主.结论高频超声检测儿童过敏性紫癜急性期肠道损害具有一定特异性,对儿童急腹症的早期诊断及鉴别诊断有一定意义.     

儿童遗传性心律失常的诊治进展

回顾在遗传性心律失常领域最新发表的相关研究,主要关注与儿童心源性猝死关系密切的离子通道病,包括长QT综合征（LQTS）、短QT综合征（SQTS）、Brugada综合征（BrS）和儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速（CPVT）,总结它们在发病机制及诊治方面的进展。     

The acoustic characteristics of the skull

Many investigators have stated that the difficulties of imaging with acoustical energy through the skull result from the marked attenuation of the energy by the skull. In the literature measurements of total attenuation have been confused with those for absorption.Measurements made by us show that absorption by compact bone varies between 2–3 dB cm^?1 MHz^?1 and, in the low megaHertz region appears to be directly proportional to frequency.It has also between shown that the convoluted inner surface of the ivory bone of the inner table of the skull may degrade the collimation and directionality of the beam by refraction.Cancellous bone, such as is present in the dipole of the skull, greatly attenuates the energy. It is postulated that this largely results from scattering. It is also postulated that the energy propagates through cancellous bone as two components, one in the soft tissues and the other partly in the bony spicules. Observations suggest that attenuation due to scattering much more markedly affects the latter of these components and scatters more greatly the higher frequencies in a pulse of broad bandwidth.The energy in each component has varying propagation paths so that the later cycles in the pulse of each component are subject to increasing interference as a result of the variations in propagation times. The two components moreover may have different propagation times so that interference may occur between the pulses of each component as well.All of these phenomena degrade the collimation, coherence, directionality, beam width, pulse length, frequency and other properties of the ultrasonic energy upon which imaging through the skull depends.The interference effects described above are least for the first cycle in the pulse which usually is not the cycle of highest amplitude. Since, in the free field, most of the energy is concentrated around the beam axis, most of the energy in the field which is deflected from its normal propagation path is deflected away from the beam axis. Thus the directionality of the beam is least degraded in the beam axis. The effects of the skull in degrading the properties of the ultrasonic pulse would therefore be lessened if the amplitude of the first cycle of the pulse and the directionality of its energy could be used for imaging.     

Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade

SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.     

2017年呼吸疾病主要进展

2017年,国内外学者在呼吸系统疾病的临床和基础领域均进行了深入研究,不仅对相关指南进行了更新,并且针对一些临床热点、难点问题达成专家共识,现就2017年呼吸疾病相关进展作一简单介绍。     

家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的加强对家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（familially hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,FHL）的认识。方法报道确诊为FHL的新病例1例,结合国内外报道的FHL的病例,对该病的临床特点进行汇总分析。结果FHL2常与PRF1基因突变相关,约20%~40%的患者存在穿孔素基因突变。结论对于有阳性家族史,基因诊断明确,应尽早行化疗或者造血干细胞移植。若无家族史,未发现与继发性HLH相关的原发病因,可考虑行基因筛查以明确是否存在FHL的可能。     

COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related dermatological reactions: An interesting case series with a narrative review of the potential critical and non‐critical mucocutaneous adverse effects related to virus,therapy, and the vaccination

This narrative review article was conducted to lay out a summarized but exhaustive review of current literature over mucocutaneous manifestations in 4 dimensions of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: virus itself, treatment‐related, vaccine‐induced, and alteration of chronic dermatologic diseases following infection. Virus and vaccine‐related were mainly self‐limited and non‐severe. Treatment‐related reactions could be life‐threatening.     

Burkitt's lymphoma of maxillary gingiva: A case report

Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) is an aggressive form of nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with three variants namely endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. It is endemic in Africa and sporadic in other parts of the world. While the endemic form is widely reported to occur in early childhood and commonly involves the jaw bones, the sporadic form typically presents as an abdominal mass. This presentation reports a rare case of sporadic form of BL clinically manifesting as a generalized gingival enlargement in an immunocompetent adult male which demonstrated an aggressive behavior. The patient reported with a prominent anterior gingival swelling of 6 mo duration which slowly enlarged in size and associated with multiple lymph node involvement. Microscopic examination of the lesion using H, E and immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis as BL. The patient succumbed to the disease before any therapy could be instituted. Since a wide array of causes can be attributed to gingival enlargements, it is necessary to consider malignancies as one of the important differential diagnosis so as to facilitate the need for appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment.     

Real‐life effectiveness of biological therapies on symptoms in severe asthma with comorbid CRSwNP

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibody therapies on nasal polyp symptoms in patients treated for severe asthma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP who were treated with anti‐IgE, anti‐IL‐5/R or anti‐IL‐4R. CRSwNP symptom burden was evaluated before and after 6 months of therapy.ResultsFifty patients were included hereof treated with anti‐IgE: 9, anti‐IL‐5/R: 26 and anti‐IL‐4R: 15 patients. At baseline median SNOT‐20 was similar among groups (anti‐IgE: 55, anti‐IL‐5/R: 52 and anti‐IL‐4R: 56, p = 0.76), median visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms was 4, 7 and 8 (p = 0.14) and VAS for total symptoms was higher in the anti‐IL‐4R group (4, 5 and 8, p = 0.002). After 6 months SNOT‐20 improved significantly in all patient groups with median improvement of anti‐IgE: −8 (p < 0.01), anti‐IL‐5/R: −13 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −18 (p < 0.001), with larger improvement in the anti‐IL‐4R group than in anti‐IgE (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐5/R (p < 0.001) groups. VAS nasal symptoms improved by median anti‐IgE: 0 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −1 (p < 0.01) and anti‐IL‐4R: −3 (p < 0.001), VAS total symptoms by anti‐IgE: −1 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −2 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment by all antibodies showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of CRSwNP in patients with severe asthma, with the largest reduction observed in anti‐IL‐4R‐treated patients.     

Recalcitrant giant orf recurrence after amputation: A case report and review of the literature

Orf is caused by a parapoxvirus. We present a recurrent, giant digital orf case in a female patient with a history of hairy cell leukemia. In spite of shave excision, the lesion progressed and recurred after digital amputation. Treatment with topical imiquimod cream and systemic subcutaneous interferon alfa‐2a was successful.