肝癌经皮门静脉时辰化疗生存期的初步观察

探讨不能手术切除的中晚期肝癌的治疗新途径,延长其生存期。对21例肝癌患者在TACE治疗后再经皮穿刺门静脉置管,采用微电脑控制的全自动注药盒每天在特定的时间向门静脉内注入顺铂(DDP)及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)进行时辰化疗并与对照组进行比较。结果表明:治疗组1年生存率41．69％,2年生存率27．79％,中位生存时间12．40月;对照组1年生存率23．33％,2年生存率10．00％,中位生存时间8．67月;经统计学分析,有显著性差异。提示门静脉置管时辰化疗联合TACE治疗中晚期肝癌疗效较为满意,值得进一步探索和研究。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合无水乙醇局部注射治疗中晚期肝癌

目的探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合超声引导下无水乙醇注射（PEI）治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法47例中晚期肝癌患者,随机分为两组。TACE组22例,单纯行TACE治疗,TACE联合PEI组25例,行TACE联合PEI治疗。结果TACE联合PEI组血清AFP转阴率、肿瘤缩小率及0．5、1、1．5、2a生存率分别为80．00％、80．00％、100．00％、88．00％、76．00％、56．00％,明显高于TACE组的47．05％、50．00％、81．82％、63．64％、54．55％、27．27％（P均〈0．05）。结论TACE联合PEI治疗中晚期肝癌疗效明显并延长患者生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌及预后相关因素分析

目的考察肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗中晚期原发性肝癌患者生存率及预后相关因素分析。方法回顾性分析86例TACE治疗患者的临床资料,统计患者首次TACE治疗后0.5~3年的生存率,分析相关危险因素与患者生存期超过1年的相关性。结果 86例中晚期肝癌患者经TACE治疗后0.5年、1年、1.5年、2年、2.5年、3年生存率分别为70.93%、53.48%、40.69%、32.56%、9.30%、2.32%。结论 TACE是治疗中晚期失去手术机会原发性肝癌患者的主要治疗手段,能够有效延长患者生存时间、改善患者生存质量。是否发生动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓、远处转移及肿瘤大小是患者预后的独立危险因素。     

肝动脉化学栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的探讨肝动脉化学栓塞（TACE）联合三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）对中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效。材料和方法对19例中晚期原发性肝癌进行了肝动脉化学栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗，TACE灌注化疗药物丝裂霉素C20mg，5-氟尿嘧啶l000～l500mg，顺铂60—80mg，栓塞剂为40％碘化油，治疗1～3次；三维适形放疗应用Topslane计划系统，6MV—X直线加速器实施治疗，4～8个适形固定野，计划靶体积13．3～907cm^3，总剂量30～48Gy，每次4～7Gy，连续照射6～10次。结果近期有效率（CR＋PR）74％．1、2年生存率分别为79％和42％，治疗前后毒副反应无明显差异。结论肝动脉化学栓塞联合三维适形放疗能提高中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果，但不增加毒副作用。     

原发性肝癌立体定向适形放射治疗临床研究

探讨立体定向适形放疗在肝癌治疗中的价值。应用6MVX线直线加速器对79例中晚期肝癌行适形性放疗。肿瘤靶体积（GTV）平均336．4cm^3，计划靶体积（PTV）平均416．5cm^3。单次靶区处方剂量2Gy-10Gy，隔日一次。总照射剂量平均38Gy。近期疗效CR24．1％（19／79），PR48．1％（38／79），NR27．89％（22／79），总有效率（CR＋PR）为72．2％。1、2、3年生存率分别为72．1％（57／79）、45．9％（28／61）和20．0％（8／40）。放射性肝炎发生率为6．3％（5／79）。立体定向适形放疗对肝癌具有较好的疗效，是一种较好的治疗模式。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放疗治疗肝癌合并门脉癌栓的临床对照研究

目的研究肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗肝癌合并门脉癌栓（PVTT）的疗效。方法138例肝癌患者随机分为2组：A组（62例）单纯行TACE；B组（76例）行TACE结合3DCRT。大体肿瘤靶区（GTV）只包括癌栓，不包括原发灶，使90％等剂量曲线覆盖PTV，照射总量40～65Gy，单次照射剂量2～4Gy。结果A组1、2年生存率分别为20．3％、3．9％，平均生存期7．2个月，有效率（CR＋PR）为16．1％（10／62）；B组1、2年生存率分别为40．6％、22．3％，平均生存期15．5个月，总有效率为42．11％（32／76），P〈0．05。结论TACE联合3DCRT能明显提高合并门脉癌栓的肝癌的治疗效果。     

中药联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术治疗中晚期肝癌临床疗效观察

[目的]观察中药联合肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效,探索中晚期肝癌的中西医结合综合治疗模式.[方法]将93例原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,经TACE后随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组TACE后不服任何中药;治疗组TACE后3～7d开始服用中药扶正解毒方,每日1付,比较2组患者疗效、中位疾病进展时间和生存期.[结果]治疗组与对照组患者总有效率、肿瘤控制率比较均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组与对照组的中位生存期分别为17个月(95％CI:11～24个月)、11个月(95％ CI:9～14个月;治疗组半年、1年、2年、3年生存率分别为74.5％、57.4％、17.0％、6.4％,对照组半年、1年、2年、3年生存率分别为69.6％、28.3％、10.9％、4.4％,2组生存期有差别,除1年生存期有统计学意义外(P＜0.05),其他均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组和对照组的中位疾病进展时间分别为158 d(95％ CI:98～218d)、87d(95％ CI:34～170 d),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]中药联合TACE较单纯TACE能明显延长患者疾病进展时间与1年生存期.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合无水乙醇注射治疗中晚期肝癌29例临床观察

60例肝癌患者随机分为两组，A组经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合无水乙醇注射（PEI）治疗，B组单用TACE治疗，每隔4周重复1次，3次为1个疗程；1个疗程后观察治疗效果及术后不良反应。结果1个疗程结束后，A组总有效率为31．03％（9／29）；甲胎蛋白（AFP）异常率为20．68％（6／29）；B组总有效率为22．58％（7／31），AFP异常率为41．93％（13／31）。两组治疗后总有效率及AFP异常率比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。两组术后肝功能变化及不良反应发生情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。认为TACE联合PE1治疗中晚期肝癌疗效好且术后不良反应无明显增加。     

原发性肝癌

外照射配合肝动脉栓塞治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的临床研究——刘孟忠等(广东广州中山大学肿瘤防治中心放疗科510060)《癌症》2005，24(1)：82-86[背景与目的：肝动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembotization,TACEI》是目前治疗不能手术切除的原发性肝癌的常规治疗方法，但单纯。TACE疗效较差，3年生存率约20％左右，本研究旨在探讨TACE结合外照射治疗不能手术的原发性肝癌的疗效。方法：1994年6月．20D2年4月间,54例不能手术的原发性肝癌患接受TACE加外照射(综合组)治疗，同时选取60例同期治疗的单纯TACE患作为对照组，两组资料具有可比性。     

肝动脉化学栓塞联合适形放射治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效分析

[目的]探讨肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放射(3DCRT)治疗对中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效.[方法]19例中晚期原发性肝癌进行了TACE联合3DCRT治疗,TACE灌注化疗药物丝裂霉素C 20mg,5-氟尿嘧啶1 000～1 500 mg,顺铂60～80 mg,栓塞剂为40%碘化油,治疗1～3次;3DCRT应用Topslane计划系统,6 MV-X直线加速器实施治疗,4～8个适形固定野,计划靶体积13.3～907 ch3,总剂量30～48 Gy,每次4～7 Gy,连续照射6～10次.[结果]近期有效率(CR PR)73.7%,1、2年生存率分别为79%和42%,治疗前后不良反应无明显差异.[结论]TACE联合3DCRT能提高中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果,但不增加不良反应.     

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by portal vein tumor thrombus

INTRODUCTIONRecent progress in imaging techniques has permitted the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage. However, portal venous invasion is still found in 12.5%-39.7% of patients with HCC[1-5]. According to the 16th National Surv…     

Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness of combined interventional therapy for 1126 cases of primary liver cancer

AIM: To verify the effect of combined interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The clinical data of 1126 HCC patients who received combined interventional therapy for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) before or after hepatectomy, TACE and radio-frequency ablation (RFA), Chinese medicine treatment and biotherapy after TACE or transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI), were reviewed according to the results of their liver function, alpha-fetoprotein, image data, color-ultrosonography finding and survival rate. RESULTS: A total of 874 patients were followed up for a period of 2 to 63 mo. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 67.8%, 28.7% and 18.8% respectively. The 1- 3- and 5- year survival rates of patients who received TACE were 74.7%, 41.4%, 36.9% before hepatectomy and 78.9%, 40.4%, 37.5% after hepatectomy. The effective rate (PR NC) after TACE and RFA was 93.4%, the 1- and 3- year survival rates were 74.5% and 36.8% after TACE and RFA. The effective rate of PR NC after TACE was 83.2%. The 1-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 69.3%, 21.7%, 8.4% after TACE. The effective rate of PR NC after TAI was 27.5%, the 1- and 2- year survival rates were 11.6% and 0% after TAI. The liver function, color-ultrosonography finding and alpha-fetoprotein after TACE RFA, TACE and TAI were compared. There was no significant difference in each index between TACE and RFA or TACE as well as in liver function between TACE and RFA or between TACE and TAI. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effectiveness of TACE before or after hepatectomy is most significant, while the effect of TACE and RFA is better than that of TACE, and the effect of TAI is minimal.     

Local radiotherapy as a complement to incomplete transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: In order to determine the effect of additional radiotherapy (RT) after an incomplete transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the treatment results of patients receiving TACE plus RT were analyzed and compared with those treated with TACE alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and five patients with an unresectable HCC were treated with TACE from January 1992 to December 2002. In 73 of these patients, the TACE was incomplete. Among them, TACE was repeatedly performed in 35 patients (TACE group), and the remaining 38 patients were also treated with local RT (TACERT group). The patients were either in stage III or IVa, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 2 or less, and Child-Pugh class A or B. The average frequency of TACE prior to RT was 2 and the RT was started within 7-10 days after the TACE. RESULTS: The 2-year survival rate was significantly higher in the TACERT than in the TACE group (36.8 % vs. 14.3%, P=0.001). According to the tumor size, the 2-year survival rates in the TACERT and TACE groups were 63% vs. 42% in 5-7 cm (P=0.22), 50% vs. 0% in 8-10 cm (P=0.03), and 17% vs. 0% in larger than 10 cm (P=0.0002) respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a significantly improved survival rate in the TACERT group of unresectable HCC patients than in the TACE group, particularly in case of tumors > or =8 cm in diameter. Therefore, RT in addition to TACE is strongly recommended for patients with an unresectable HCC.     

Individualized treatment models based on blood supply characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma using color Doppler hemodynamics

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the long-term efficacy of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension, transultrasonic portal vein chemoembolization (SPVE), radiofrequency ablation (RF), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY: A total of three hundred and eighteen patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. According to the blood supply characteristics to the tumor, individual combined therapy models were adopted: one hundred and fifty-nine patients with HCC less than 5 cm were treated with a combination of RF and PEI (RF/PEI group) and one hundred and one patients with HCC greater than 5cm were treated with a combination of TACE, RF and PEI (TACE/RF/PEI group). One hundred and eleven HCC nodules confirmed to be hypervascular by color Doppler flow imaging were treated with a combination of TACE, RF, SPVE and PEI (TACE/ RF/SPVE/PEI group). RESULTS: The combination treatment of RF and PEI (RF/PEI group), the TACE/RF/PEI group, TACE/ RF/SPVE/PEI group, the 1-year survival rates and the 3-year survival rates were 97.3% and 82.4%; 73.5% and 44.9%; 74.1% and 37.9%, respectively; The vanishing rate of blood flow around and within the tumor, the tumor size decrease rate, AFP transformed to negative rate, were significantly raised compared to those in the TACE treatment only group. CONCLUSIONS: The individual combined therapy models combination of TACE, PEI, SPVE, RF appears to prolong survival, compared with one treatment alone (TACE). This combination therapy method is an effective way for treating HCC, and color Doppler can provide important information to verify the therapeutic effects.     

Therapeutic effects and prognostic factors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of threedimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with transcatheter arterial chernoembolization (TACE) on the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Between 1998 and 2001, 94 patients with HCC received 3D-CRT combined with TACE. A total 63 patients had a Okuda stage Ⅰ lesion and 31 patients had stage Ⅱ. The median tumor size was 10.7 cm (range 3.0-18 cm), and liver drrhosis was present in all the patients. There were 43 cases of class A and 51 dass B. TACE was performed using lipiodol,5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, doxorubicin hydrochloride and mitomycin, followed by gelatin sponge cubes. Fifty-nine patients received TACE only one time, while the others 2 to 3 times. 3D-CRT was started 3-4 wk after TACE. All patients were irradiated with a stereotactic body frame and received 4-8 Gy single high-dose radiation for 8-12 times at the isocenter during a period of 17-26 d (median 22 d).RESULTS: The median follow-up was 37 mo (range 10-48 mo) after diagnosis. The response rate was 90.5%. The overallsurvival rate at 1-, 2-, and 3- year was 93.6%, 53.8% and 26.0% respectively, with the median survival of 25 too. On univariate analysis, age (P=-0.026), Child-Pugh classification for cirrhosis of liver (P=0.010), Okuda stage (P=-0.026),tumor size (P=0.000), tumor type (P=0.029), albuminemia (P=0.035), and radiation dose (P=0.000) proved to be significant factors for survival. On multivariate analysis,age (P=-0.024), radiation dose(P=-0.001), and tumor size (P=0.000) were the significant factors.CONCLUSION: 3D-CRT combined with TACE is an effective and feasible approach for HCC. Age, radiation dose and tumor size were found to be significant prognostic factors for survival of patients with HCC treated by 3D-CRT combined with TACE. Further study for HCC is needed to improve the treatment efficacy.     

Therapeutic efficacy of transarterial chemo-embolization with a fine-powder formulation of cisplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) using a suspension of a finepowder formulation of cisplatin(DDPH) in lipiodol(LPD) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The subjects were 262 HCC patients treated with TACE using a DDPH-LPD suspension.The DDPH-LPD suspension was prepared by mixing 50 mg of DDPH into 10 mL of LPD.TACE was repeated when treated lesions relapsed and/or new hepatic lesions were detected.These patients received additional TACE using the same agent.TACE was repeated until complete regression of the tumor was obtained.The primary efficacy endpoint of the current study was the objective early response rate.Secondary efficacy endpoints were progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival.RESULTS:The objective early response rate was 43.6%.Cumulative PFS rates were 56.7% at 6 mo,23.1% at 12 mo,13.4% at 18 mo,and 10.5% at 24 mo.The median PFS was 6.6 mo.Cumulative survival rates were 90.6% at 6 mo,81.9% at 12 mo,70.5% at 24 mo,and 58.8% at 36 mo.Median survival time was 46.6 mo.All adverse reactions were controllable by temporary suspension of treatment.No serious complications or treatment-related deaths were observed.CONCLUSION:TACE using a suspension of DDPH in LPD may be a useful treatment for HCC.     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-controlled study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) currently is used as a palliative treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy still is debated. Our aim was to assess the impact of TACE on patient survival and to identify prognostic factors for survival. METHODS: Fifty-six cirrhotic patients with unresectable HCC undergoing at least 1 course of TACE were matched 1:1 for sex, age (in 5-year periods), parameters of Child-Pugh score, Okuda stage, and tumor type with a control group who had received only supportive care. RESULTS: The 2 groups were comparable for cause of cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein serum levels, and Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score. The 56 patients in the TACE group received a total of 123 treatment courses. The median follow-up period was 16 months (range, 1-67 mo) in the TACE group and 5 months (range, 1-77 mo) in the supportive care group. Survival rates at 12, 24, and 30 months in patients receiving TACE were 74.3%, 52.1%, and 38.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 25 months, whereas in supportive care patients the rates were 39.4%, 25.4%, and 19%, respectively, with a median survival time of 7 months (P = .0004). At univariate analysis, TACE, tumor type, presence of ascites, alpha-fetoprotein serum level, CLIP score, and Okuda stage were associated significantly with survival. Only TACE and CLIP score proved to be independent predictors of survival at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: TACE is an effective therapeutic option for cirrhotic patients with unresectable HCC and a CLIP score of 3 or less.     

肝细胞癌自发性破裂出血的治疗对策选择（附30例报告）

目的探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）自发破裂出血患者在治疗对策上的选择。方法对本院2008年1月-2011年12月收治的30例HCC破裂出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中行Ⅰ期手术9例,急诊经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗21例,TACE治疗后再手术切除10例,其余11例均为单纯TACE治疗,从临床治疗效果进行评价分析。计数资料比较采用卡方检验或Fisher′s检验。结果21例经急诊TACE治疗者止血成功率为100%,其中10例患者TACE治疗后2~5周内进行Ⅱ期手术,术后病理证实均为HCC,术后3个月复查均未见腹腔肿瘤种植转移灶,术后1 年存活率70%（7/10）; 9例行Ⅰ期手术切除的患者中,围手术期内死亡2例,3个月内发生腹腔或切口种植转移者5例（5/7）,术后1 年存活率44.4%（4/9）;11例单纯TACE治疗患者术后1 年存活率为27.3%（3/11）。急诊TACE联合手术切除HCC破裂出血在提高抢救成功率、减少术后并发症及提高患者生存时间上均优于急诊手术切除及单纯的TACE治疗。结论HCC自发性破裂出血患者应首选急诊TACE治疗,再联合手术切除,可以明显提高抢救成功率和手术切除率,并可显著降低肿瘤腹腔种植转移率,延长患者生存时间。     

Supportive treatment, resection and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of survival in 419 patients.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Both surgical resection and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few reports have compared the different treatment modalities for resectable HCC based on clinically matched groups. The aim of this study was to compare the survival rate after surgery, TACE or supportive treatment in resectable HCC patients, and also in elderly patients (> or = 70 y/o). METHODS: From 1984 to 1993, 419 consecutive patients with resectable HCC were included in this study. Of these, 311 (74%) underwent resection of tumours and 46 (11%) refused operation, opting instead for TACE. The remaining 62 (15%) who refused both methods of treatment were given supportive care. Univariate and multivariate analyses for prognostic factors and the 5-year survival rate among the groups were studied. RESULTS: Both surgical resection and TACE groups had a better 5-year survival rate than the supportive treatment group (43% and 34% vs. 7%). There was no difference in survival between the surgery and TACE groups. However, the 5-year survival rate was 11% in TACE and 41% in the surgical group when the patients were > or = 70. In multivariate analysis, female sex (P = 0.0466), tumour size < or = 3 cm (P = 0.0001), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 400 U/l (P = 0.0036), single tumour (P = 0.0474), serum creatinine < or = 1.5 mg/dl (P = 0.0006) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) < or = 100 U/l (P = 0.0007) are associated with good prognosis for resectable HCC. CONCLUSION: TACE is an alternative for resectable HCC. Tumour size, tumour number, AFP level, renal function, AP level and female sex are prognostic factors. In elderly people, TACE must be used prudently and has a worse prognosis.     

Combination therapy of radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy compared with single treatment

Aim:  To assess the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy and to compare its outcome with a single modality.
Method:  We retrospectively studied 103 patients with recurrent HCCs after hepatectomy who were excluded from repeat hepatectomy. Of them, 81 patients were male and 22 were female (mean age 55.8 ± 10.7 years; range, 30–80 years). According to treatment modality, these patients were divided into three groups: RFA was used as the sole first-line anticancer treatment in 37 patients (RFA group); TACE was used as the sole first-line anticancer treatment in 35 patients (TACE group). RFA followed by TACE was performed in 31 patients (combination group). There was no significant difference in clinical material between the three groups. Indices including treatment success rate, intrahepatic recurrence rate and survival were obtained for analysis and comparison.
Results:  The treatment success rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the TACE group (93.5 vs. 68.6%, P  = 0.011). The intrahepatic recurrence rate of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the TACE group (20.7 vs 57.1%, P  = 0.002) and the RFA group (20.7 vs 43.2%, P  = 0.036). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 73.9, 51.1 and 28.0% respectively in the RFA group; 65.8, 38.9 and 19.5% respectively in the TACE group; and 88.5, 64.6 and 44.3% respectively in the combination group. There was a significant difference in survival between the combination group and the TACE group ( P  = 0.028).
Conclusion:  RFA combined with TACE was more effective in treating recurrent HCC after hepatectomy compared to single RFA or TACE treatment. This combination therapy can thus be a valuable choice of treatment for recurrent HCC.