Ployprylene材料修补膀胱腺癌皮下转移灶切除后的腹壁缺损2例报告

膀胱癌腹壁转移灶切除后腹壁缺损的治疗仍然是一个难题。由于切除大块转移灶后，造成的腹壁缺损，无法缝合，即使强行缝合缺损，张力很高容易产生切口疝。我们用ploypropylene疝修补材料，修补膀胱腺癌皮下转移灶切除后的腹壁缺损2例获得满意效果，报告如下。     

全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术15年总结(附196例报告)

目的　评价全膀胱切除治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效及回肠膀胱术的远期效果。　方法　回顾性分析 1985年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月膀胱肿瘤行全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术 196例的临床资料。　结果　膀胱肿瘤累及膀胱颈部或膀胱三角区者 12 6例 (6 4.3 % ) ,浸润性膀胱癌 145例 (74.0 % ) ,移行细胞癌183例 (93.4% )。术后发生近期并发症 19例 (9.7% ) ,远期并发症 10例 (7.4% )。 135例随访 1～ 15年 ,平均 6 .6年 ,5年生存率 6 6 .2 %。　结论　全膀胱切除是浸润性膀胱癌首选治疗方法 ,回肠膀胱术简单易行 ,长期随访显示其并发症少 ,疗效确切 ,仍是一种较为理想的尿流改道方式。     

根治性膀胱切除回肠去带乙状结肠原位膀胱术(附31例报告)

目的探讨双U形回肠原位膀胱和去带乙状结肠原位脐胱术的疗效。方法31例膀胱癌，全部行根治性膀胱切除术，其中10例行双U形回肠原位膀胱术，21例行盘带乙状结肠腺值膀胱术。结果31例手术时间4．5-7h，平均5．6h，31例随访1—36个月，平均19．5个月，两组病人均控尿良好，3例高氯血症，4例轻度腹泻（均为回肠组）。膀胱造影未见输尿管反流，IVU示左肾盂轻度积水3例，新膀胱容量220-400mL，平均315mL，新膀胱充盈时最大压力2．5-4．9kPa（回肠组）、2．1-5．8kPa（乙状结肠组）。结论双U形回肠和去带乙状结肠均为理想的贮尿囊，操作简单，并发症少，疗效可靠，而去带乙状结肠原值膀胱更接近生理膀胱，很少引起代谢紊乱和腹泻。     

腹腔镜巨大腹壁切口疝修补术(附1例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗巨大腹壁切口疝的手术方法及手术要点。方法:2004年9月在完全腹腔镜下用补片法修补1例巨大腹壁切口疝,疝环12 cm×15 cm。结果:手术顺利完成,手术时间100m in,术后肺部感染,经抗感染治愈,无其他手术并发症,术后7d出院。随访7个月,术前腹胀、腹痛症状消失,无复发,工作、生活正常。结论:腹腔镜下结合带线针补片法治疗巨大腹壁切口疝具有损伤小、术后疼痛轻、并发症少、康复快、下床活动早、效果好等优点。     

膀胱肿瘤术后腹壁种植转移(附3例报告)

目的 探讨膀胱肿瘤腹壁种植转移的原因、治疗和预防。方法 对3例膀胱肿瘤术后腹壁种植转移患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组3例均行腹壁肿块切除术，1例随访2年半未见复发，2例术后2月即局部肿块复发，其中1例做放射治疗，1年后肿瘤广泛转移而死亡，1例尚未作处理，存活。结论 肿瘤细胞的脱落及腹壁切口未采取有效的保护措施是造成腹壁种植转移的主要原因，因此术中应该重视“无瘤原则”。腹壁种植转移瘤的治疗以手术为主。     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术(附15例报告)

目的　探讨腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱手术方法。　方法　浸润性膀胱癌患者 15例 ,年龄 39～ 71岁 ,平均 5 9岁 ,男 14例 ,女 1例。采用 5个套管针 ,腹腔镜由脐部上缘套管针进入 ,手术者经左侧 2个套管针操作 ,助手经右侧 2个套管针操作。清扫双侧盆腔淋巴结 ;游离输尿管下段在其末端切断 ;男性患者行膀胱前列腺全切除 ,紧贴前列腺尖端离断尿道 ;女性行膀胱全切除的同时作子宫及附件切除。在下腹正中线上作 4～ 5cm切口 ,取出标本。将回肠拉出切口外 ,隔离 5 0cm回肠剖开后M形折叠形成贮尿囊 ,将输尿管末段 1cm插入贮尿囊后顶部作吻合。贮尿囊最低位开口与尿道断端 6针吻合 ,前 4例直视下作吻合 ,后 11例在腹腔镜下行尿道吻合。　结果　手术时间 5～ 10h ,平均 6 .5h ;出血量 2 0 0～ 10 0 0ml,平均 387ml。术后 3周KUB、IVU及代膀胱造影检查显示 :双肾显影良好 ,无输尿管返流及梗阻 ,代膀胱充盈良好 ,容量约 30 0ml,术后 4～ 6周内患者均恢复控尿功能。无排尿困难及尿失禁。　结论　腹腔镜下行膀胱全切除视野清楚 ,可减少出血 ,避免尿道括约肌损伤 ,保留海绵体神经血管束 ;减少肠管暴露时间 ,有利于术后肠道功能恢复 ,减少肠粘连。小切口取出标本 ,体外构建贮尿囊 ,吻合输尿管 ,可缩减手术时间     

膀胱腺癌(附26例报告)

目的 提高膀胱腺癌的诊治水平。方法 回顾分析１９８０年１月至１９９８年１月收治的２６例膀胱腺癌资料。其中脐尿管腺癌１２例,原发性膀胱腺癌１４例。结果 ２６例中膀胱部分切除术８例,全膀胱切除＋尿流改道术１３例,根治性全膀胱切除＋尿流改道术２例,姑息性尿流改道术３例。随访１年生存率５２％,５年生存率２０％。结论 较局限的脐尿管腺癌可行广泛性部分膀胱切除术,原 性膀胱腺癌应行根治性全膀胱切除。     

回肠膀胱术后近期再手术原因分析(附12例报告)

目的　探讨全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术后近期再手术的原因。　方法　回顾性分析 81例膀胱肿瘤行膀胱全切回肠膀胱术中 12例近期再手术患者的临床资料。 12例均为男性 ,平均年龄 70岁。膀胱移行细胞癌T2 4例 ,T3 8例 ;G2 7例 ,G3 5例。术后发生粘连性肠梗阻 4例 ,回肠膀胱坏死 2例 ,乙状结肠前列腺窝嵌入打折 2例 ,内疝 2例 ,伤口感染不愈合裂开 2例。　结果　 12例患者术后7～ 32d ,平均 13d内分别行肠管粘连松解术、回肠膀胱重建术、坏死肠管切除术及伤口清创术。术后随访 6～ 12个月 ,平均 7.7个月 ,患者均恢复良好 ,未出现其他并发症。　结论　回肠膀胱术后易发生粘连肠梗阻、回肠膀胱坏死及内疝等并发症 ,完备的围手术期处理、及时妥善的再手术可提高手术效果和患者的生活质量。     

原位肠代膀胱术远期疗效评价(附266例报告)

目的 总结评价原位肠代膀胱术的远期临床效果。方法 对1991-2003年266例因膀胱癌行膀胱全切手术患者资料进行分析。Hautmann回肠原位代膀胱术206例，Reddy原位结肠代膀胱术60例。131例患者在原标准术式基础上作了手术技术改进。总结手术改进前后患者控尿率和并发症发生率等。结果 获完整随访患者225例。回肠代膀胱术改进前后男性平均随访时间62（44-146）个月和38（4-67）个月；结肠原位代膀胱手术改进前后患者平均随访时间为62（51-131）个月和34（5-67）个月。手术改进可提高男性术后夜间可控率（P〈0．05），女性改善不明显（P〉0．05），总的近期和远期并发症发生率为13．8％和19．6％。男性肿瘤尿道复发9例（4％），女性无复发。结论 原位尿流改道术的远期临床疗效满意，并发症发生率低。手术技术改进可提高男性患者的夜间控尿率。     

Brain metastasis of bladder carcinoma after total cystectomy: a case report

A 74-year-old woman underwent total cystectomy with ureterostomy on March 1993 on a diagnosis of advanced bladder cancer. The pathological diagnosis was transitional carcinoma grade 3, pT3a pN0 pV1, pL2. Two courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with CDDP and MTX were added. Three years and 3 months later, she began to suffer from amnesia and hemiparalysis on her left side. Brain MRI examination revealed a solid tumor, 4 x 4 x 3 cm in size, in the right frontal lobe of the cerebrum. No other metastatic lesions were found. She underwent surgical resection of the tumor and subsequent irradiation to right frontal lobe in the cerebrum. Pathological examination confirmed its origin of bladder cancer. She has been enjoying a disease-free life for 3 years with minimal neurological symptoms.     

经尿道膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤一例报告

膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤临床上罕见,术前难以诊断,易漏诊及误诊,我们于2017年10月首次利用等离子电切镜经尿道行膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤,报告如下。临床资料患者,男,63岁,因“体检超声检查发现膀胱内肿块1周”于2017年10月8日就诊。既往有高血压病史13年,平素口服“氨氯地平片5 mg qd及缬沙坦80 mg qd”控制血压,血压110~130/66~80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。CT平扫+增强:膀胱右侧壁可见一类圆形软组织密度影,直径约1.2 cm,增强显示病变明显强化,增强期病灶CT值为96 Hu(图1)。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后结核性腹壁窦道1例

患者　女 ,44岁。因腹腔镜胆囊切除术后右侧腹壁切口迁延不愈4个月入院。 4个月前患者因胆囊结石在外院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,术后右上腹肋缘下小切口迁延不愈 ,形成一窦道 ,有少许脓性分泌物不断流出。 2个月前又在该院行右上腹壁窦道切除术 ,术后 2 0ｄ切口裂开 ,迁延不愈 ,形成窦道 ,有少许脓性分泌物流出 ,无其他不适。体查 :一般情况良好 ,心肺无异常。右上腹肋缘下可见一个直径 1 0ｃｍ的窦道口 ,窦道深约 3 0ｃｍ ,斜向内侧走行 ,有少许脓性分泌物。剑突下至脐上可见 3个 1 0ｃｍ长的切口疤痕 ,腹部未发现其他异常。白细胞 4 9× 10 9…     

Recurrence of bladder cancer in fossa navicularis 12 years after total cystectomy: a case report

We report a case of urothelial cancer recurrence in fossa navicularis of urethra 12 years after total cystourethrectomy for bladder cancer. A 73-year-old man had undergone total cystourethrectomy and ureterocutancostomy for multiple bladder cancer on June 13, 1986. Histopathological findings showed transitional cell carcinoma, G3, pT4 with carcinoma in situ. Twelve years after the cystectomy, he was admitted to our hospital complaining of the induration of the glans penis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a high intensity tumor in T1-WI and low intensity tumor in T2-WI, which had invaded fossa navicularis of urethra to glans penis. Aspiration biopsy of the penile tumor revealed transitional cell carcinoma. Therefore, we performed partial penectomy on July 16, 1998, since computed tomography showed no lymph node swelling in the inguinal region. Five months after the second operation, he was diagnosed with bilateral inguinal lymph node metastasis. Then we performed 2-course M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin cisplatin) therapy, which showed partial response. Thereafter, bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy with one-course postoperative M-VAC therapy was performed.     

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy for schwannoma of urinary bladder: case report

Primary schwannomas of the urinary bladder are extremely rare. They arise from Schwann's cells in nerve sheaths and are often associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. In these cases, open partial cystectomy has been the choice of treatment. We performed laparoscopic partial cystectomy in a 35-year-old man who showed a 3.5-cm solid bladder mass on pelvic CT. The lesion was found to be a primary schwannoma of the urinary bladder without evidence of von Recklinghausen disease.     

Herniation of the bladder observed 3 days after herniorrhaphy: a case report]

A 72-year-old man complained of right hemiscrotal swelling and pollakisuria which had appeared 3 days after herniorrhaphy. On physical examination, a large mass in the right scrotum did not transmit light nor shrink upon pressure application. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the fluid obtained by puncture from the scrotal mass were high. Cystography demonstrated influx of contrast media into the scrotal mass from the bladder. From these findings, diagnosis was made as herniation of the bladder. An operation was performed through inguinoscrotal incision. The herniated bladder, to which peritoneum was laterally adherent, was incarcerated. The hernia ring, which was located medially to the suture line of previous herniorraphy, had strangulated the herniated bladder. The bladder wall was edematous and the mucosa was dark red. These findings suggested that the blood circulation in the herniated bladder had been disturbed for a relatively long time. Resection of the herniated bladder with the adherent peritoneum was performed in addition to hernia repair. Incomplete herniorrhaphy may be one of the causes of herniation of the bladder in our case.     

Compartment syndrome in bilateral lower legs after total cystectomy: a case report

We report a case of compartment syndrome in bilateral lower legs after total cystectomy with urethrectomy and ileal conduit diversion. A 64-year-old man who had diabetes mellitus for 20 years underwent an operation for invasive bladder cancer. He was placed in the lithotomy position and both lower legs were protected with an elastic stocking and intermittent pneumatic compression for prevention of deep vein thrombosis during the operation. Seven hours postoperatively, he complained of bilateral calf pain. Eleven hours postoperatively, skin redness, swelling, movement and sensory disorder of bilateral lower legs were found. Contrasting computed tomography (CT) of lower legs showed the swelling of bilateral soleus muscles and gastrocnemius muscles without any contrasting effect. Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) increased to 46, 740 IU/l and the intramuscular pressure was 50 mmHg. He was diagnosed with compartment syndrome, in bilateral lower legs and emergent fasciotomy was performed. Bilateral calf pain was improved immediately after fasciotomy and could walk on his own after rehabilitation. Lower leg compartment syndrome is an uncommon disease but may require lower leg amputation or result in death if the treatment is delayed. Urologists should recognize this disease as a complication after prolonged operation in the lithotomy position.     

Recurrence of bladder cancer in remnant urethra and inguinal lymph node metastasis nine years after total cystectomy: a case report

A 68-year-old man underwent total cystectomy, urethrectomy preserving fossa navicularis, and an Indiana pouch urinary diversion in 1997. The histopathology was UC, G3, pT4 (prostate). Nine years after the operation, he had multiple metastases to the inguinal and paraaortic lymph nodes (LNs), and he complained of erosion around the glans. Histological diagnosis of the glans revealed recurrent UC to the urethra of the glans. We considered the possibility that the inguinal LN metastasis was due to lymphatic spread from a remnant urethral recurrence. Thus, a partial penectomy and inguinal LN dissection were undertaken. Systemic chemotherapy was administered. Remnant urethral recurrence after urethrectomy preserving the fossa navicularis and inguinal LN metastasis are rare.     

Reconstruction of abdominal wall and mons pubis in females with bladder exstrophy

We report on 3 patients with bladder exstrophy who had considerable scar deformities of the lower abdomen after primary closure of the bladder and/or urinary diversion. The scar tissue was excised, and augmentation of the abdominal wall and mons veneris was achieved by the use of a pedicled, vascularized groin flap with integrated bone from the iliac crest. This procedure is recommended for patients with faulty closure of the pelvic ring and severe defect of the lower abdominal wall.