Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with 5-year survival rate less than 10%. However, there is a lack of specific genetic markers that could help better understanding the mechanisms of esophageal carcinogenesis, improving the detection rate of EC, and distinguishing histological types. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as an inducible enzyme in cancer development and progression is involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. A large number of studies have demonstrated a strong association between COX-2 polymorphisms and EC risk. However, the overall results are still controversial. This controversy may be partly due to the mix-up of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ESCC or EAC by conducting a meta-analysis. Seven studies were retrieved reporting a total of 1450 ESCC patients, 523 EAC patients, and 2663 cancer-free control subjects. Five COX-2 polymorphisms were addressed, including -765G>C (rs20417), -1195G>A (rs689465), -1290A>G (rs689466), -8473T>C (rs5275) and -1759G>A (rs3218625). Meta-analysis results showed that the -765C allele is significantly associated with the susceptibility to both ESCC and EAC especially in Asian populations. In addition, there was a significant association between the -8473C allele and the susceptibility to EAC in Caucasian populations. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that the -765C allele of the COX-2 gene might be a potential risk factor for both ESCC and EAC especially in Asian populations, while the -8473C allele might be a risk factor for EAC in Caucasian populations.     

CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a nested case-control study

What is Known and Objective: The pathogenic mechanism of antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is thought to involve drug‐metabolizing enzymes including N‐acetyl transferase2 (NAT2), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) M1, T1. The associations between genetic polymorphisms of those genes and ATDH have been reported but with inconsistent results. Moreover, most studies were hospital‐based retrospective studies and not prospective. We aimed to investigate possible associations of CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms with ATDH using a more robust case–control study nested in a population‐based prospective antituberculosis treatment cohort. Methods: A total of 4304 patients with smear‐positive tuberculosis (TB) who received standard short‐course chemotherapy were monitored for 6–9 months. Incidence density sampling method was adopted to select controls and 4 : 1 matched with each ATDH cases by age (±5 years), sex, treatment history, disease severity and drug dosage. The CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR–RFLP and multiplex PCR methods. Conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as corresponding P‐values. Results and Discussion: A total of 89 ATDH cases and 356 controls were included in this study. There was no statistically significant association between CYP2E1 RsaI c1/c1 genotype or DraI C/C genotype and ATDH (OR = 0·99, 95% CI:0·62–1·59; OR = 1·13, 95% CI: 0·40–3·20, respectively) compared with CYP2E1 RsaI c1/c2 or c2/c2 genotypes or DraI D/D genotype, or between GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes and ATDH (OR = 1·22, 95% CI: 0·76–1·96; OR = 0·96, 95% CI: 0·60–1·52, respectively) compared with non‐null genotypes. What is new and Conclusion: This is the first study of the involvement of CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms in ATDH using a nested case–control population‐based prospective cohort design. We could not confirm positive associations of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 RsaI, CYP2E1 DraI, GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null with ATDH reported by various groups, in our Chinese TB population.     

FTO基因单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病发病风险的相关性研究

目的探讨FTO（fatmassandobesityassociated）基因单核苷酸多态性（singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNP）与中国人群Ⅱ型糖尿病（TypeⅡDiabetesMellitus,T2DM）易感性的关系。方法利用SequenomMassArray。iPLEX系统对238例T2DM患者及239例健康对照的FTO基因单核苷酸多态性位点rs8050136进行基因分型,并对检测结果根据共显性、显性模型、超显性和隐性模型进行x^2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析。结果FTO基因rs8050136位点在病例组和对照组的基因型频率分布差异在显性模型和超显性模型中有显著性（x^2=8．603,P：0．003;x^2=5．428,p=-0．02）。相对CC基因型而言,CA杂合型和CA—AA基因型均能增加T2DM发病的危险陛,（OR=1．751,95％CI：1．129～2．717,P=0．012;0R1．915,95％CI：1．241～2．954,P=0．003）;而磋目间翔塑豁蛳数铆鼬有显著陡差异（x^2=10．614,P=0．001）,相对于C位点而言,A位点是T2DM的危险等位位点,（OR=1．933,95％CI：1．298～2．880,P=0．001）。结论FTO基因单核苷酸多态性rs8050136与T2DM的发病风险相关,CA杂合型和CA—AA基因型可显著增加T2DM的发病风险。     

Influence of Factor V Leiden on susceptibility to and outcome from critical illness: a genetic association study

Introduction

Disturbance of the pro-coagulatant and anti-coagulant balance is associated with a poor outcome from critical illness. The objective of this study is to determine whether the Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is associated with susceptibility to or death from critical illness.

Methods

A genetic association study involving four case cohorts comprising two Gram negative sepsis, one invasive pneumococcal disease and one intensive care unit cohort with a total of 1,249 patients. Controls were derived from a population-based cohort study (N = 8,147). DNA from patients and controls was genotyped for the FVL mutation.

Results

When all patients were investigated together no significant difference in the frequency of FVL mutation was observed compared with controls (odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83 to 1.29). However, when stratified among patients admitted to intensive care (N = 237), susceptibility and the likelihood of long-term death was influenced by the FVL mutation. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, FVL carriers had an increased risk of ICU admission compared to non-carriers (OR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.42). In adjusted Cox regression analysis, FVL carriers were at increased risk of long-term death compared to non-carriers (relative risk 1.78; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.81). FVL carrier status did not predict either susceptibility to or outcome from Gram negative, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis.

Conclusions

Overall, the FVL mutation did not appear to increase the risk of admission due to severe invasive infections. Nevertheless, in the subgroup of patients admitted to intensive care an increased risk and a poorer long-term outcome for individuals with critical illness were observed for FVL mutation carriers.     

Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to human disease

Although several lines of evidence suggest that variation in human inflammation is genetically controlled, the genes which regulate these responses are largely unknown. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) mediate recognition of microbes, regulate activation of the innate immune response and influence the formation of adaptive immunity. Cellular and molecular studies over the past several years have identified a number of common TLR polymorphisms that modify the cellular immune response and production of cytokines in vitro. In addition, human genetic studies suggest that some of these polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to a spectrum of diseases. In this review, we summarize studies of common TLR polymorphisms and how this work is beginning to illuminate the influence of human variation on inflammation and disease susceptibility.     

帕金森病遗传易感性与儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶和多巴胺β羟化酶基因多态协同作用的关系

目的:探讨多巴胺β羟化酶(dopaminebetahydroxylase,DBH)基因TaqⅠ多态及儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-o-methyltransferase,COMT)基因NlaⅢ多态相互作用对帕金森病遗传易患性的影响。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态方法,对长海医院及北京军区总医院2001-09/2003-12收治的135例帕金森病患者、138例健康对照个体中观察了DBH基因和COMT基因两种多态的分布,通过比值比分析各自及联合后与帕金森病的相关性。结果:DBH基因A2/A2基因型与帕金森病正相关(OR=2.094,95%CI:1.133～3.922),病因分数为0.522,A1/A2基因型与帕金森病存在负关联(OR=0.468,95%CI:0.241～0.893),预防分数为0.532;COMT多态本身与帕金森病发病风险无关,但与DBH基因A1/A2基因型协同作用,G/G基因型使患帕金森病风险增加至5.6倍,病因分数达0.822,G/A基因型减少帕金森病风险(OR=0.227),预防分数为0.772。结论:DBH基因TaqⅠ及COMT基因NlaⅢ多态单独作用对帕金森病易患性的影响是微弱的,两者协同作用改变了研究群体的帕金森病易患性。     

CYP2E1和GSTM1多态性与再生障碍性贫血遗传易感性研究

目的探讨CYP2E1和GSTM1基因多态性与再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)遗传易感性的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和PCR—限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分别研究104例再障患者和110名健康对照的GSTM1和CYP2E1的PstⅠ基因型。结果CYP2E1(c1c2,c2c2)基因型在再障组和对照组的频率分别为49.04%、46.36%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GSTM1(-)基因型在再障组和对照组的频率分别为75.96%、48.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合分析时发现,CYP2E1(c1c2,c2c2) GSTM1(-)基因型的个体患再障危险性升高[比值比(OR)=10.56,95%可信区间(CI)=4.34~22.87];工作和生活环境质量较差和饮酒是再障发生的危险因素。结论CYP2E1(c1c2,c2c2) GSTM1(-)基因型可能是再障遗传易感性标志物,携带该基因型的个体患再障的危险性高于其他基因型。     

CYP2E1和GSTM1多态性与再生障碍性贫血遗传易感性研究

目的探讨CYP2E1和GSTM1基因多态性与再生障碍性贫血（简称再障）遗传易感性的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和PCR—限制性片段长度多态性方法（PCR-RFLP）分别研究104例再障患者和110名健康对照的GSTM1和CYP2E1的PstⅠ基因型。结果CYP2E1（c1c2,c2c2）基因型在再障组和对照组的频率分别为49.04%、46.36%,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;GSTM1（-）基因型在再障组和对照组的频率分别为75.96%、48.18%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,联合分析时发现,CYP2E1（c1c2,c2c2）＋GSTM1（-）基因型的个体患再障危险性升高[比值比（OR）=10.56,95%可信区间（CI）=4.34-22.87];工作和生活环境质量较差和饮酒是再障发生的危险因素。结论CYP2E1（c1c2,c2c2）＋GSTM1（-）基因型可能是再障遗传易感性标志物,携带该基因型的个体患再障的危险性高于其他基因型。     

上海地区汉族人群LMTK2与MSMB基因多态性与前列腺癌的易感性

目的:探讨中国上海地区汉族人群中LMTK2与MSMB基因多态性与前列腺癌遗传易感性的关系.方法:采用病例对照研究,提取200例前列腺癌患者(病例组)和200例非前列腺癌健康人(对照组)外周血中基因组DNA,应用ABI 3730 XL测序仪分析病例组和对照组的LMTK2基因rs6465657位点以及MSMB基因rs10993994位点的多态性,比较不同基因型与前列腺癌易感性的关系.结果:MSMB基因rs10993994位点密码子T/C基因型的个体其前列腺癌发病风险是C/C基因型的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%可信区间:1.12～2.27),携带MSMB基因rs10993994位点等位基因T(T/T,T/C)的个体发生前列腺癌的风险性是C/C基因型的0.96倍(OR=0.96,95%可信区间:0.82～1.11).LMTK2基因rs6465657位点密码子C/C基因型的个体其前列腺癌发病风险与T/C基因型无明显差异.结论:中国上海地区汉族人群中MSMB基因rs10993994位点多态性可能对前列腺癌遗传易感性有影响,而LMTK2基因rs6465657位点对前列腺癌遗传易感性无明显影响.     

DNA修复基因多态性与胃癌易感性的关系

目的分析中国西南地区人群DNA修复基因XRCCl和XPD基因多态性分布,探讨XRCCl和XPD基因多态性与胃癌发病风险的关系。方法采用1：1病例对照研究方法,采用基因测序法检测160例胃癌患者及160例正常人外周血GSTPl基因XPDAsp312Asn,XRCClArgl94Trp,和XRCClArg280His多态性,进行胃癌风险分析。结果胃癌组与正常对照组相比,XPD312、XRCCl280位点的多态性分布频率无明显差异,而XRCCl194Trp的分布频率在病例组和对照组中分别为17．2％和7．3％,具有统计学差异。XRCCl194Trp等位基因的个体其胃癌风险增高（OR=2．72,95％CI=1．04~7．24,P=0．027）。结论XRCClArgl94Trp基因多态性可增加人群患胃癌的风险,XPDAsp312Asn、XRCClArg280His基因多态性与胃癌易感性无关联。     

Meta-analysis reveals significant association between FOXP3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to Graves’ disease

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to determine the associations between the rs3761547, rs3761548, and rs3761549 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene and susceptibility to Graves’ disease (GD).MethodsCase–control studies with information on the associations between the rs3761547, rs3761548, and rs3761549 FOXP3 SNPs and GD published before 01 May 2020 were identified in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data from the studies were analyzed using RevMan version 5.3.ResultsSeven independent case–control studies including 4051 GD patients and 4569 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled analysis indicated that FOXP3/rs3761548 and FOXP3/rs3761549 polymorphisms were significantly associated with GD susceptibility (rs3761548: A vs. C, odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.67; rs3761549: TT vs. CC, OR = 1.98, 95%CI 1.49–2.65; (TT + TC) vs. CC, OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.11–1.88). In contrast, the FOXP3/rs3761547 polymorphism was not associated with GD susceptibility. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity showed that rs3761548 was associated with GD in Asians but not in Caucasians, whereas rs3761549 was associated in both Asians and Caucasians.ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that FOXP3/rs3761548 and FOXP3/rs3761549 SNPs were significantly associated with susceptibility to GD, at least in Asian populations.     

Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone: association with genetic polymorphisms in penA, mtrR, porB1b, and ponA

The recent emergence and transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins such as cefixime and ceftriaxone have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of different polymorphisms in the penA, mtrR, porB1b (penB), and ponA genes of N. gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone. Eighteen gonococcal isolates with reduced cefixime and ceftriaxone susceptibility (Cef(i)) and two susceptible isolates were characterized using serovar determination, antibiograms, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and sequencing of penA, mtrR, porB1b, and ponA alleles. For the Cef(i) isolates (n = 18), the MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone ranged between 0.032 to 0.38 mug/ml and 0.064 to 0.125 mug/ml, respectively. These isolates were assigned five different serovars and six divergent NG-MAST sequence types. Eleven isolates (61%) with higher MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone contained a nearly identical penA mosaic allele and previously described polymorphisms in mtrR (a single nucleotide [A] deletion in the promoter), penB (mutations in porB1b encoding loop 3 of PorB1b), and ponA (ponA1 polymorphism). The remaining seven Cef(i) isolates (39%), which had somewhat lower MICs of cefixime and ceftriaxone, contained an aspartic acid insertion (Asp-345a) in PBP 2 in conjunction with alterations of 4 to 10 amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the transpeptidase domain of penA. In conclusion, an unambiguous association between penA mosaic alleles, in conjunction with genetic polymorphisms in mtrR, porB1b, and ponA, and greater reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone was identified.     

N-乙酰基转移酶(NAT2)多态和肺癌遗传易感性关联研究

肺癌的高发病率和高死亡率使其成为全球关注的一大问题。当前关于肺癌的个体遗传易感性研究主要集中在对DNA损伤修复通路、代谢酶通路和抗氧化通路上相关基因的多态性研究。其中N-乙酰基转移酶(NAT2)是体内重要的Ⅱ相代谢酶,主要参与芳香胺类和杂环胺类等致癌物的代谢,在吸烟相     

MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in Chinese Han patients with hypertensive heart disease

BackgroundMMP-2 and TIMP-2 play important roles in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling, and may contribute to the development and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Functional polymorphisms in the promoter of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gene may modulate an individual's susceptibility to AF.MethodsA total of 881 hypertensive heart disease patients from Chinese Han population (128 with and 753 without AF) were recruited in this study. The genotypes of the MMP2-1306C>T and -735C>T polymorphisms and TIMP-2 -418G>C polymorphisms were determined using PCR based method. The plasma concentration of TIMP-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a subgroup with 81 patients.ResultsBoth genotype distribution and allele frequency of the TIMP-2 -418G>C polymorphism were significantly different between the AF and control group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). The C allele carriers (GC + CC) had a significantly increased risk of AF compared with the GG homozygotes (odds ratio,1.77, 95% CI 1.21–2.92, P = 0.009) in a logistic regression model after adjustment for age, left atrial dimension, left ventricular mass index, and antihypertensive drugs. The C allele carriers also had reduced levels of plasma TIMP-2 levels compared with GG homozygotes in both AF patients and control subjects. No relationship was found in this cohort between the presence of the MMP-2 -1306C>T and -735C>T polymorphism and AF.ConclusionsThe TIMP-2 -418G>C polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased susceptibility to AF in Chinese Han patients with hypertensive heart disease. The -418C allele, which is associated with a decreased expression of TIMP-2, might be a genetic risk for the development of AF in this cohort.     

2型糖尿病遗传易感性与CAPN-10基因多态性的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)遗传易感性与CAPN-10基因多态性的关系。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术对100例T2DM患者(病例组)和100例健康者(对照组)CAPN-10基因SNP19(rs3842570)、SNP43(rs3792267)和SNP63(rs5030952)多态性位点进行基因分型。结果病例组CAPN-10基因43位点的GG基因型频率和G等位基因频率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);19位点和63位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例组与对照组分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CAPN-10基因SNP43(rs3842570)位点与T2DM的发生有相关性,而SNP19(rs3842570)和SNP63(rs5030952)位点则与T2DM的发生无相关性。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性与白细胞介素1基因的多态性

目的:观察白细胞介素1细胞因子家族白细胞介素1α,白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因多态性,探讨其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病基因易感性的关系。方法:选择2004-03/2005-06哈尔滨医科大学收治的吸烟慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者资料88例为观察组,男52例,女36例;同期选择与观察组性别、年龄匹配的无血缘关系的汉族健康吸烟者96名为对照组,男61名,女35名。应用聚合酶链反应及聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测白细胞介素1细胞因子家族不同基因型和基因频率两组观察对象中的分布。结果:慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者88例,健康吸烟者96名,全部进入结果分析。①慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中白细胞介素1raRN2等位基因和RN2/2基因型的分布频率较健康吸烟组明显增加(0.307,0.151;0.125,0.042,P<0.05)。白细胞介素1raRN2纯合子和白细胞介素1raRN2等位基因携带者发生慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相对危险度分别为3.286(95%可信区间:1.006～10.733)和2.555(95%可信区间:1.538～4.224)。②等位基因白细胞介素1βB2和白细胞介素1βB2纯合子基因型的分布频率在慢性阻塞性肺疾病组中明显增加,与健康吸烟组差异有显著性(0.568,0.396;0.295,0.167,P<0.05)。白细胞介素1βB2纯合子和白细胞介素1βB2等位基因携带者发生慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相对危险度(OR值)分别为2.097(95%可信区间:1.035～4.246)和2.088(95%可信区间:1.326～3.043)。③白细胞介素1α串联重复顺序等位基因频率及基因型分布在两组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:与白细胞介素1α基因多态性不同,等位基因白细胞介素1RN2和白细胞介素1βB2的基因多态性对慢性阻塞性肺疾病具有易感性。等位基因白细胞介素1βB2、白细胞介素1RN2可能是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的易感基因。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性与白细胞介素1基因的多态性

目的：观察白细胞介素1细胞因子家族白细胞介素1α，白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因多态性，探讨其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病基因易感性的关系。 方法：选择2004—03／2005-06哈尔滨医科大学收治的吸烟慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者资料88例为观察组，男52例，女36例；同期选择与观察组性别、年龄匹配的无血缘关系的汉族健康吸烟者96名为对照组，男61名，女35名．应用聚合酶链反应及聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测白细胞介素1细胞因子家族不同基因型和基因频率两组观察对象中的分布。结果：慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者88例，健康吸烟者96名，全部进入结果分析。①慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中白细胞介素1ra RN2等位基因和RN2／2基因型的分布频率较健康吸烟组明显增加（0．307，0．151；0．125，0．042，P〈0．05）：白细胞介素1ra RN2纯合子和白细胞介素1ra RN2等位基因携带者发生慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相对危险度分别为3．286（95％可信区间：1．006-10．733）和2．555（95％可信区间：1．538～4．224）。②等位基因白细胞介素1βB2和白细胞介素1βB2纯合子基因型的分布频率在慢性阻塞性肺疾病组中明显增加，与健康吸烟组差异有显著性（0．568，0．396；0．295，0．167，P〈0．05）。白细胞介素1βB2纯合子和白细胞介素1βB2等位基因携带者发生慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相对危险度（OR值）分别为2．097（95％可信区间：1．035～4．246）和2．088（95％可信区间：1．326-3．043）。③白细胞介素1α串联重复顺序等位基因频率及基因型分布在两组间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。 结论：与白细胞介素1α基因多态性不同，等位基因白细胞介素IRN2和白细胞介素1βB2的基因多态性对慢性阻塞性肺疾病具有易感性。等位基因白细胞介素1βB2、白细胞介素1RN2可能是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的易感基因.