32P球囊内放射治疗预防动脉损伤后新生内膜过度增生

目的：选用家兔颈动脉球囊损伤模型观察放射性^32P液体球囊血管内放射治疗对损伤后新生内膜过度增生的抑制作用。方法：健康家兔40只制作颈动脉球囊损伤模型，随机分成4组：10、20和40GY放射剂量治疗组和对照组。分别于术后3、7、14、28和56天处死动物，取颈动脉标本HE染色、原位标记凋亡细胞（TUNEL）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组化染色，应用光学显微镜和计算机图像分析系统对切片进行图像分析．计算动脉中膜血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率、PCNA阳性率、内膜和中膜厚度及面积、残余管腔面积。结果：球囊损伤后动脉中膜平滑肌细胞开始增殖．并向内膜下迁移，其凋亡率和PCNA细胞阳性率均在伤后7天达到高峰。各治疗组各时间段血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率高于对照组（P〈0．01）．PCNA细胞阳性率低于对照组（P〈0．01），20GY和40GY组相似，但都优于10GY组（P〈0．01）；伤后28天始血管内膜和中膜增厚．面积增加，残余管腔面积缩小，各治疗组伤后28天始血管内膜、中膜增厚面积增加和残余管腔面积缩小明显改善（P〈0．01），20GY和40GY组相似，但都优于10GY组（P〈0．01）。结论：放射性^32P液体球囊血管内放射治疗可以明显抑制球囊损伤后动脉血管壁平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移．减少新生内膜过度增生．预防管腔狭窄。     

血管球囊损伤后内膜增生及血管重塑对再狭窄的影响

目的:探讨在血管再狭窄形成过程中内膜增生及血管重塑的作用.方法:采用大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后血管再狭窄的动物模型,经形态学观察及计算机图像分析,观测术后不同时间点血管壁各成分的变化. 结果:血管损伤后3 d血管内腔面可见增殖的血管平滑肌细胞,损伤后7 d新生内膜形成并继续增厚,损伤后28 d新生内膜厚度及面积达最大,损伤后35 d较损伤后28 d缩小(P<0.01). 损伤后各时间点中膜厚度无明显变化,但损伤后35 d的中膜面积较损伤后28 d及对照未损伤侧缩小(P<0.05). 管腔面积于损伤后前3 d略增大,损伤后7 d出现管腔面积减少,至损伤后28~35 d管腔面积明显小于对照未损伤侧(P<0.01). 外弹力膜内横截面积在损伤后3~7 d略增大,损伤后14 d最大,损伤后35 d较损伤后28 d及对照未损伤侧明显缩小(P<0.01). 结论:内膜增生与血管重塑是再狭窄形成的主要病理机制,血管再狭窄的形成是内膜增生与血管重塑的平衡所决定的,两者共同导致管腔狭窄.     

血管球囊损伤后内皮增生及血管重构对再狭窄的影响

采用球囊拉伤血管内膜加高脂饲养的方法建立兔髂动脉粥样硬化模型，４～６周后行双侧髂动球囊扩张术，分别于术后１，３，７，１４，２８ｄ取病变血管段病理标本，应用病理学方法及计算机图像分析，观察术后不同时间点的血管增生及重构情况，结果表明；１．损伤后１ｄ即出现血管增粗（外弹力膜内横截面积扩大）并持续至术后２８ｄ。２．损伤后管腔面积前３ｄ增大，７ｄ后开始缩小，３．损伤后内膜增生，从第７ｄ为高峰；中膜增生开始     

颜氏益心方对球囊损伤后大鼠颈总动脉血管内膜的影响

目的 探讨颜氏益心方对实验性球囊损伤后大鼠颈总动脉血管内膜的影响.方法 利用SD大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤法造成颈动脉狭窄,观察颜氏益心方对颈动脉狭窄血管内膜厚度及管腔面积的影响.结果 与假手术组比较,模型组管腔面积明显缩小(P＜0.05),内膜显著增生(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,益心方低、高剂量组管腔面积及内膜增生程度均明显改善(P＜0.05).结论 颜氏益心方可改善球囊损伤后大鼠颈动脉血管内膜的厚度及管腔面积,从而抑制其内膜增生,减少其再狭窄程度.     

血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的动态观察及机制探讨

目的：评价血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的可行性、有效性及其作用机制。方法：小型家猪１３头,分为对照组7头及实验组6头 。对照组左侧髂动脉先行造影及血管内超声检查,随后行球囊扩张成形术,最后置入置源管。实验组在上述处理基础上,通过置源管送入^192Ir高剂量后装源取20Gy对受损髂动脉行放射治疗。术后第3天、第10天及第28天各处死2头,取损伤的髂动脉分别行苏木精－伊红及Masson染色,计算机图像分析系统分析形态学及组织学变化。结果：对经球囊损伤后的猪髂动脉进行血管内放射在技术上是可行的,未见并发症发生。实验组在不同时间点与对照组相比较均可见新生内膜面积及厚度减少、血管腔面积及外弹力膜包绕面积增加现象;新生内膜中胶原含量有增生受抑现象。结论：在球囊扩张成形术后即刻应用血管内^192Ir 20Gy放射治疗,第３天起明显抑制新生内膜形成,第10天时新生内膜抑制达到高峰,血管发生有意义的正性重塑,到28天时血管正性重塑更加明显,从而达到有效抑制动脉损伤后狭窄形成的效果。     

水飞蓟宾对球囊血管损伤后内膜增生及血管重构的影响

目的　研究水飞蓟宾对球囊血管损伤后内膜增生及重构的影响 ,探讨其防治冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄的可能性。方法　将实验兔造成髂动脉球囊损伤 ,术前 3d开始分别使用小剂量 ( 2 0mg·kg-1·d-1)及大剂量 ( 40mg·kg-1·d-1)水飞蓟宾 ,服药至术后 2 8d处死 ,取病变血管染色 ,并用计算机图像分析系统分析内膜及中膜厚度、血管腔面积、平均动脉面积 (外弹力膜内横截面积 ,EEL)的变化。结果　小剂量水飞蓟宾对血管腔面积、血管内膜及中膜厚度、平均动脉面积无明显影响 ;大剂量水飞蓟宾可使血管腔面积扩大、平均动脉面积明显增加、血管内膜厚度减少。结论　水飞蓟宾能抑制血管内膜增生及血管重构 ,有可能用于防治冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄     

普罗布考抑制冠脉成形术后血管内膜增生的实验研究

目的：建立猪冠状动脉球囊损伤模型，观察普罗布考对损伤动脉内膜增生的影响。方法：选用雌性大约克夏猪１９只，随机分为对照组１１只，普罗布考组８只，于术前４ｗ给予普罗布考，两组均行冠状动脉球囊扩张术，术后喂饲６ｗ，重复冠脉造影后处死。选取损伤的冠状动脉，常规病理制片，观察形态学变化，并计算损伤动脉的内膜面积占有率。结果：对照组损伤动脉内膜可见大量平滑肌细胞增生，呈偏心性增厚，使管腔狭窄，内膜面积占有率为５６．０１％〔（５６．０１±１７．８５）％〕，普罗布考组损伤动脉内膜面积占有率为３０．２７％〔（３０．２７±２０．９７）％〕，内膜增厚程度较对照组明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：普罗布考具有抑制冠脉成形术后损伤血管内膜增生的作用。     

钠氢交换抑制剂对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后血管狭窄干预作用研究

目的:建立兔髂动脉球囊损伤模型,观察钠氢交换(NHE)抑制剂(Amiloride)对血管狭窄的干预作用。方法:32只新西兰白兔随机分为干预组(12只)、对照组(10只)及假术组(10只);建立兔髂动脉球囊损伤模型。干预组于术前3d予Amiloride[5mg(kg·d)]、对照组以相同剂量NS腹腔注射,至术后28d取材;取髂动脉行苏木精伊红染色、αactin免疫组化染色、Masson三色染色,观察血管管腔、中膜与内膜面积变化、平滑肌细胞增殖、细胞外基质(ECM)变化情况。结果:兔髂动脉球囊损伤后4周出现明显管腔狭窄,新生内膜生长,平滑肌层增生;干预组、对照组、假术组髂动脉管腔面积各为(0.91±0.23)mm2、(0.68±0.19)mm2、(1.08±0.17)mm2,F=7.631,P<0.01;新生内膜面积各为(0.27±0.15)mm2、(0.67±0.24)mm2、(0.05±0.03)mm2,F=36.974,P<0.01;内膜中膜面积比各为1.21±0.24、1.39±0.26、0.15±0.08,F=7.562,P<0.01;经Amiloride干预后管腔面积明显增大,内膜面积显著下降,内膜中膜面积比下降。干预组与对照组内膜比较,αactin染色阳性面积减小[(4164.15±1788.37)μm2vs.(16328.31±6220.27)μm2,P<0.01];Masson染色绿色面积下降[(8910.62±7041.62)μm2vs(333558.76±7290.17)μm2,P<0.01],提示干预组内膜平滑肌增生及ECM增生均减轻。结论:Amiloride可抑制球囊损伤兔髂动脉所致血管管腔缩小、内膜增生、分泌ECM,减轻血管狭窄,提示其可能在预防经皮冠状动脉内成形术术后血管再狭窄起一定作用。     

血管壁弹力纤维板染色方法探讨（摘要）

血管壁弹力纤维板染色方法探讨（摘要）张敏（病理学教研室）关键词血管；弹力纤维板；染剂和染色法目前，对动脉粥样硬化及血管成形术后动脉管腔再狭窄（ｒｅｓｔｅｎｏｓｉｓ）的病理形态学分析多采用血管连续切片，计量管腔面积、新内膜的形成程序。内弹力板（ＩＥＬ）...     

组织因子抑制子基因局部转移对兔颈总动脉内膜增生的影响

目的：研究组织因子抑制子（TFPI）基因局部转移对兔颈总动脉损伤后内膜增生的影响。方法：36只新西兰纯种雄性大白兔随机分为腺病毒空载组，包载组织因子抑制子（TFPI）基因腺病毒组和生理盐水组（每组12只）。用球囊导管对实验兔行颈总动脉损伤，术后14天取病变血管，免疫组化染色观察表明TFPI在转移局部表达成功；病变最明显处取标本进行HE染色，光学显微镜下观察血管内膜增生，以计算机图像分析系统分析血管内膜、中膜和腔面积的变化，计算内膜增生细胞核抗原增殖指数。结果：TFPI基因局部转移后血管内膜面积明显减少，中膜面积不变，血管腔面积增大。结论：TFPI基因局部转移显著抑制颈总动脉损伤处血管内膜的增生，有可能防治再狭窄。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.